Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Spatial Distance On The Effectiveness Of Mental And Physical Integration Strategies In Learning From Split-Attention Examples, Bjorn De Koning, Gertjan Rop, Fred Paas

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Learning from spatially separated text and pictures is improved when learners are instructed to use a physical or mental integration strategy. This study investigated whether varying the spatial distance between text and pictures affects the effectiveness of physical and mental integration strategies. We hypothesized that a larger spatial distance would increase cognitive load and harm learning. Ninety-two university students studied the functioning of an electrical circuit from text and pictures that were presented at a small or large spatial distance from each other, while using a physical or mental integration strategy during learning. Results indicated that participants using the mental …

Urban Greening And Mobility Justice In Dhaka’S Informal Settlements, Razia Sultana, Thomas Birtchnell, Nicholas J. Gill

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Urban greening in Dhaka, Bangladesh is fraught with injustice for slum dwellers. Access to the commons for the enactment of gardening, farming and foraging by the urban poor, many recent internal migrants from rural areas, is contested by wealthier citizens, developers and political elites. Through qualitative research with households within the informal settlement of Korail in Dhaka’s urban core, and a range of stakeholders in governmental and non-governmental organizations, this study critiques competing policy visions that involve urban greening and urban green infrastructure. Repurposing the conceptual lense of ‘mobility justice’ to analyse environmental and ecological issues in the global South, …

Facilitators And Barriers To The Self-Management Of Copd: A Qualitative Study From Rural Nepal, Uday Yadav, Jane Lloyd, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Kedar Baral, Sagar Dahal, Narendra Bhatta, Mark Harris

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Objective: To understand the facilitators and barriers to the self-management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural Nepal. Settings: Community and primary care centres in rural Nepal. Participants: A total of 14 participants (10 people with COPD and 4 health care providers) were interviewed. Primary and secondary outcome measure(s): People with COPD and healthcare provider's experience of COPD self-management in rural Nepal. Results: Facilitators and barriers affecting COPD self-management in Nepal operated at the patient-family, community and service provider levels. People with COPD were found to have a limited understanding of COPD and medications. …

A Matched Control Trial Of A Mental Health Literacy Intervention For Parents In Community Sports Clubs, Diarmuid Hurley, Mark S. Allen, Christian Swann, Stewart A. Vella

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. This controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of a mental health literacy intervention for parents delivered through community sport clubs. In total, 540 parents (321 females, 219 males) of adolescent athletes participated in a brief educational workshop on youth mental health (n = 352) or a community-matched control group (n = 188). Generalised linear mixed models revealed no significant improvements in the intervention group compared to control in the primary mental health literacy outcomes, at 1 month follow-up. However, parents in the intervention group were more likely to seek formal help for …

Methodological Challenges In Deliberative Empirical Ethics, Stacy M. Carter

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Augmenting Cancer Registry Data With Health Survey Data With No Cases In Common: The Relationship Between Pre-Diagnosis Health Behaviour And Post-Diagnosis Survival In Oesophageal Cancer, Paul Fahey, Andrew Page, Glenn Stone, Thomas E. Astell-Burt

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 The Author(s). Background: For epidemiological research, cancer registry datasets often need to be augmented with additional data. Data linkage is not feasible when there are no cases in common between data sets. We present a novel approach to augmenting cancer registry data by imputing pre-diagnosis health behaviour and estimating its relationship with post-diagnosis survival time. Methods: Six measures of pre-diagnosis health behaviours (focussing on tobacco smoking, 'at risk' alcohol consumption, overweight and exercise) were imputed for 28,000 cancer registry data records of US oesophageal cancers using cold deck imputation from an unrelated health behaviour dataset. Each data point was …

Attentional Bias For Threat And Anxiety: The Role Of Loneliness, Maryann Wei, Steven J. Roodenrys, Leonie M. Miller

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020, 2020 Washington School of Psychiatry. Objective: There is literature to suggest that anxious individuals may be lonely. Attentional bias for threat (ABT), a mechanism implicated in the core symptoms of anxiety, has been linked to loneliness in a separate line of work. The primary aim of this study was to examine the role of loneliness in the association between ABT and anxiety. Method: An unselected sample of 260 individuals (196 Female; Mean Age = 22.43) completed measures of loneliness, ABT (a dot probe task), and anxiety. Two possible models of the role of loneliness in the ABT-anxiety link were …

Biopedagogies And Family Life: A Social Class Perspective, Lisette Burrows, Jan Wright

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In this chapter we draw on our work with young people and families to explore the utility of poststructural theoretical resources in understanding engagement with health imperatives. While we suggest that concepts like biopedagogies, discourse and subjectivity (amongst others) usefully frame our research, we also focus on what cannot be thought/understood with these resources alone. We explore how the complexity of family life, the ways culture, class and biopedagogies of the body intersect in ‘real’ lives and the translation of school-based health messages to home environs may require alternate theories.

The Ethical, Legal And Social Implications Of Using Artificial Intelligence Systems In Breast Cancer Care, Stacy M. Carter, Wendy Rogers, Khin Than Win, Helen Frazer, Bernadette Richards, Nehmat Houssami

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Breast cancer care is a leading area for development of artificial intelligence (AI), with applications including screening and diagnosis, risk calculation, prognostication and clinical decision-support, management planning, and precision medicine. We review the ethical, legal and social implications of these developments. We consider the values encoded in algorithms, the need to evaluate outcomes, and issues of bias and transferability, data ownership, confidentiality and consent, and legal, moral and professional responsibility. We consider potential effects for patients, including on trust in healthcare, and provide some social science explanations for the apparent rush to implement AI solutions. We conclude by anticipating future …

Crossing Boundaries: Rethinking The Ways That First-In-Family Students Navigate 'Barriers' To Higher Education, Sarah Elizabeth O'Shea

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article explores how one cohort of first-in-family students narrated their movement into and through university, proposed as a form of boundary crossing. These metaphors emerged from the stories that students told about their persistence, with references ranging from institutional or organisational boundaries through to those imposed by self and others. Applying the sensitizing lens of boundary crossing, an analysis is provided of how learners navigated their transition into university and the types of persistence behaviours adopted. The focus is on those who traversed these boundaries, considering the nature of incursions and the ways these were negotiated within students' everyday …

The Stereoscopic Advantage For Vection Persists Despite Reversed Disparity, Stephen Palmisano, Shinji Nakamura, Robert S. Allison, Bernhard E. Riecke

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research has shown that consistent stereoscopic information improves the vection (i.e. illusions of self-motion) induced in stationary observers. This study investigates the effects of placing stereoscopic information into direct conflict with monocular motion signals by swapping the observer's left and right eye views to reverse disparity. Experiments compared the vection induced by stereo-consistent, stereo-reversed and flat-stereo patterns of: (1) same-size optic flow, which contained monocular motion perspective information about self-motion, and (2) changing-size optic flow, which provided additional monocular information about motion-in-depth based on local changes in object image sizes. As expected, consistent stereoscopic information improved the vection-in-depth induced by …

Ending Tb In Australia: Organizational Challenges For Regional Tuberculosis Programs, Christopher J. Degeling, Jane Carroll, Justin Denholm, Ben Marais, Angus Dawson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2019 Elsevier B.V. The World Health Organization's End TB Strategy aims to eliminate tuberculosis (TB) by 2050. Low-burden countries such as Australia are targeted for early elimination (2035), which will require an increase in the intensity and scope of case finding and treatment of people with latent TB infection (LTBI). Because 80 % of TB disease in Australia occurs in metropolitan Sydney (New South Wales) and Melbourne (Victoria), the commitment to move towards elimination has major implications for TB programs in these jurisdictions. We report on a case study analysis that compares and contrasts key attributes of each of these …

Concurrent Validity Of The Actigraph Gt3x+ And Activpal For Assessing Sedentary Behaviour In 2-3-Year-Old Children Under Free-Living Conditions, Joao Rafael Rodrigues Pereira, Eduarda Sousa-Sa, Zhiguang Zhang, Dylan P. Cliff, Rute Santos

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objectives

ActiGraph accelerometer cut-points are commonly used to classify sedentary behaviour (SB) in young children. However, they vary from 5counts/5 s to 301counts/15 s, resulting in different estimates and inconsistent findings. The aim was to examine the concurrent validity of ActiGraph GT3X + cut-points against the activPAL for measuring SB in 2–3-year-olds during free-living conditions.

Design

Observational validation-study.

Methods

Sixty children were fitted with the activPAL and ActiGraph simultaneously for at least 2 h. Nine ActiGraph cut-points ranging from 60 to 1488 counts per minute were used to derive SB. Bland & Altman plots and equivalent tests were performed to …

A Stepped Wedge Trial Of Efficacy And Scalability Of A Virtual Clinical Pharmacy Service (Vcps) In Rural And Remote Nsw Health Facilities, Julaine M. Allan, Shannon Nott, Brett Chambers, Ged Hawthorn, Alice Munro, Chris Doran, Christopher Oldmeadow, Clare Coleman, Teesta Saksena

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 The Author(s). Background: Medication errors are a leading cause of mortality and morbidity. Clinical pharmacy services provided in hospital can reduce medication errors and medication related harm. However, few rural or remote hospitals in Australia have a clinical pharmacy service. This study will evaluate a virtual clinical pharmacy service (VCPS) provided via telehealth to eight rural and remote hospitals in NSW, Australia. Methods: A stepped wedge cluster randomised trial design will use routinely collected data from patients' electronic medical records (n = 2080) to evaluate the VCPS at eight facilities. The sequence of steps is randomised, allowing for control …

Participation In Domains Of Physical Activity Among Australian Youth During The Transition From Childhood To Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study, Byron Kemp, Anne-Maree Parrish, Marijka Batterham, Dylan P. Cliff

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: Information about the domains of physical activity (PA) that are most prone to decline between late childhood (11 y), early adolescence (13 y), and mid-adolescence (15 y) may support more targeted health promotion strategies. This study explored longitudinal trends in nonorganized PA, organized PA, active transport and active chores/work between childhood and adolescence, and potential sociodemographic moderators of changes. Methods: Data were sourced from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n = 4108). Participation in PA domains was extracted from youth time-use diaries. Potential moderators were sex, Indigenous status, language spoken at home, socioeconomic position, and geographical remoteness. Results: …

Better Health Choices: Feasability And Preliminary Effectiveness Of A Peer Delivered Healthy Lifestyle Intervention In A Community Mental Health Setting, Peter James Kelly, Amanda Baker, Naomi Fagan, Alyna Turner, Frank P. Deane, Rebecca Mcketin, Robin Callister, Clare Collins, Isabella Ingram, Keren Wolstencroft, Camilla Townsend, Briony Osborne, Adam Zimmermann

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2019 Elsevier Ltd Background: To reduce smoking and improve other health behaviours of people living with severe mental illness, healthy lifestyle interventions have been recommended. One approach to improving the availability of these types of interventions is to utilise the mental health peer workforce. The current study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of peer-workers facilitating a telephone delivered healthy lifestyle intervention within community based mental health settings. The study also examined preliminary outcomes of the intervention. Methods: The study was conducted as a randomised controlled feasibility trial. In addition to treatment as usual, participants randomised to the Treatment Condition were …

"A Big Influence On My Teaching Career And My Life": A Longitudinal Study Of Learning To Teach English Pronunciation, Michael S. Burri, Amanda Ann Baker

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Inquiry into learning to teach pronunciation is a growing area within the second language teacher education research paradigm. To what extent this learning process extends into instructors' early years of teaching pronunciation has yet to be explored. This article is a response to this need by exploring the 3.5-year trajectory of five teachers learning to teach English pronunciation. The study was conducted in two phases. In Phase 1, pre- and post-course questionnaires, weekly observations of the lectures, focus groups interviews, final post-course interviews, and the participants' final assessment task were triangulated to examine the development of participants' cognitions during a …

International Federation Of Clinical Neurophysiology (Ifcn) - Eeg Research Workgroup: Recommendations On Frequency And Topographic Analysis Of Resting State Eeg Rhythms. Part 1: Applications In Clinical Research Studies, Claudio Babiloni, Robert J. Barry, Erol Basar, Katarzyna Blinowska, Andrzej Cichocki, Wilhelmus Drinkenburg, Wolfgang Klimesch, Robert T. Knight, Fernando Lopes Da Silva, Paul Nunez, Robert Oostenveld, Jaeseung Jeong, Roberto Pascual-Marqui, P Valdes-Sosa, Mark Hallett

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2019 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology In 1999, the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) published "IFCN Guidelines for topographic and frequency analysis of EEGs and EPs" (Nuwer et al., 1999). Here a Workgroup of IFCN experts presents unanimous recommendations on the following procedures relevant for the topographic and frequency analysis of resting state EEGs (rsEEGs) in clinical research defined as neurophysiological experimental studies carried out in neurological and psychiatric patients: (1) recording of rsEEGs (environmental conditions and instructions to participants; montage of the EEG electrodes; recording settings); (2) digital storage of rsEEG and control data; (3) computerized visualization of …

Strength From Perpetual Grief: How Aboriginal People Experience The Bushfire Crisis, Bhiamie Williamson, Jessica Weir, Vanessa I. Cavanagh

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

How do you support people forever attached to a landscape after an inferno tears through their homelands: decimating native food sources, burning through ancient scarred trees and destroying ancestral and totemic plants and animals? The fact is, the experience of Aboriginal peoples in the fire crisis engulfing much of Australia is vastly different to non-Indigenous peoples. Colonial legacies of eradication, dispossession, assimilation and racism continue to impact the lived realities of Aboriginal peoples. Added to this is the widespread exclusion of our peoples from accessing and managing traditional homelands. These factors compound the trauma of these unprecedented fires. As Australia …

Measurement Of Spelling Ability: Construction And Validation Of A Phonological, Orthographic And Morphological Pseudo-Word Instrument For Students In Grades 3-6, Tessa Daffern, Ajay Ramful

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Building on current theoretical understandings of how children learn to spell, this paper reports the design and validation of a new pseudo-word dictation test (labelled the Components of Spelling Test: Pseudo-word version) to measure three spelling components underpinning Standard English: phonology, orthography and morphology. For the first phase of the study, the instrument was tested on a calibration sample of 381 students from Grades 3 to 6, aged between 8 and 12 years. Two versions of the test were recursively developed for Grades 3 and 4 (Pseudo-word-G-3-4) and Grades 5 and 6 (Pseudo-word-G-5-6). In the second phase of the study, …

Comparing And Assessing Physical Activity Guidelines For Children And Adolescents: A Systematic Literature Review And Analysis, Anne-Maree Parrish, Mark Tremblay, Stephanie Carson, Sanne Veldman, Dylan P. Cliff, Stewart A. Vella, Kar Hau Chong, Maria Nacher, Borja Cruz, Yvonne Ellis, Salome Aubert, Billie Spaven, Mohd Sameeha, Zhuiguang Zhang, Anthony D. Okely

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background: The impact of declining physical activity and increased sedentary behaviour in children and adolescents globally prompted the development of national and international physical activity guidelines. This research aims to systematically identify and compare national and international physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents and appraise the quality of the guidelines to promote best practice in guideline development. Methods: This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Only national, or international physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour guidelines were included in …

Identification And Evaluation Of Risk Of Generalizability Biases In Pilot Versus Efficacy/Effectiveness Trials: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Michael Beets, Robert Weaver, John Ioannidis, Marco Geraci, Keith Brazendale, Lindsay Decker, Anthony D. Okely, David Lubans, Esther Van Sluijs, Russell Jago, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy, James Thrasher, Xiaming Li, Andrew Milat

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND: Preliminary evaluations of behavioral interventions, referred to as pilot studies, predate the conduct of many large-scale efficacy/effectiveness trial. The ability of a pilot study to inform an efficacy/effectiveness trial relies on careful considerations in the design, delivery, and interpretation of the pilot results to avoid exaggerated early discoveries that may lead to subsequent failed efficacy/effectiveness trials. "Risk of generalizability biases (RGB)" in pilot studies may reduce the probability of replicating results in a larger efficacy/effectiveness trial. We aimed to generate an operational list of potential RGBs and to evaluate their impact in pairs of published pilot studies and larger, …

Teaching Spelling In Context Can Also Be Explicit And Systematic, Tessa Daffern, Kathy Thompson, Luke Ryan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This article shares a few practical insights from an intervention study that focussed on building teacher capacity for effective instruction in spelling. For the study, four schools in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT) were selected to participate through a stratified random sampling process. In total, 572 students across 31 classes in Years 3 to 6 participated. Of the 31 classes, 14 were involved in a ten-week intervention while the remaining 17 classes formed a 'comparison' group whereby a 'business as usual' approach to teaching spelling was adopted.

Self-Regulation And Executive Function Longitudinally Predict Advanced Learning In Preschool, Steven J. Howard, Elena Vasseleu

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

While the early years are often regarded as a critical period for establishing and supporting the developmental trajectories of delayed and typically developing children, they also represent a critical time for advanced learners. Yet to support advanced learners, a better understanding of sources and mechanisms of precocious early learning is needed. While there is ample research separately indicating importance of executive functions (EFs) and self-regulation for learning more broadly, it remains unclear whether, which, and to what extent EFs and/or self-regulation might account for the incidence of advanced learning in the prior-to-school years. The current study sought to investigate the …

Mezirow Moments: The Value Of Conferences For A Mother Returning To Study, Skye Playsted

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

It's not easy to change career paths, but it is something that teachers often consider after working in one field for many years. This can mean a return to study, but as Adult Education experts have noted, older learners usually face some specific barriers in returning to school that younger learners do not, and sometimes these barriers prevent them from trying. And if you are a mother, like I am, even going to a conference can be difficult. This is my story of the challenges I faced in returning to study, and of the people who helped me to overcome …

The Perceptions And Usage Of Alcohol And Other Drugs In Middle Eastern And Burmese Refugee Communities Across The Illawarra And Shoalhaven Region, Jioji Ravulo, Dianne Woods, Lance R. Barrie, Joseph Abdo

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

People from a refugee background experience intersecting challenges which predisposes them to a heightened risk of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) related harms. Despite AOD service staff being conscious of increased risks regarding substance usage, there remains pivotal inextricable differences amongst the way cultures and subcultures conceptualise and relate to substance usage. This may be evident for refugee populations that have to navigate through the experiences of displacement, resettlement, and the acculturation process. Despite refugee populations being at risk for AOD harm, the services available for support remain under utilised. As a result, this can highlight discrepancies within the knowledge(s) …

More Green, More 'Zzzzz'? Trees May Help Us Sleep, Thomas E. Astell-Burt, Xiaoqi Feng

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Not feeling sharp? Finding it hard to concentrate? About 12-19% of adults in Australia regularly don't get enough sleep, defined as less than 5.5-6 hours each night. But who'd have thought the amount of tree cover in their neighbourhood could be a factor? Our latest research has found people with ample nearby green space are much more likely to get enough sleep than people in areas with less greenery. There's plenty of helpful advice online on sleep, of course. Apart from personal routines, many other things can affect our sleep. Aircraft and traffic noise isn't helpful. Other environmental factors at …

Shared And Distinct Resting Functional Connectivity In Children And Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Xiaojie Guo, Dongren Yao, Qingjiu Cao, Lu Liu, Qihua Zhao, Hui Li, Fang Huang, Yanfei Wang, Qiujin Qian, Yufeng Wang, Vince Calhoun, Stuart J. Johnstone, Jing Sui, Li Sun

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020, The Author(s). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, with a shift of symptoms including less hyperactivity/impulsivity and more co-morbidity of affective disorders in ADHDadult. Many studies have questioned the stability in diagnosing of ADHD from childhood to adulthood, and the shared and distinct aberrant functional connectivities (FCs) between ADHDchild and ADHDadult remain unidentified. We aim to explore shared and distinct FC patterns in ADHDchild and ADHDadult, and further investigated the cross-cohort predictability using the identified FCs. After investigating the ADHD-discriminative FCs from healthy controls (HCs) in both child (34 ADHDchild, 28 HCs) and adult (112 ADHDadult,77 HCs) cohorts, …

The First 250 Ms Of Auditory Processing: No Evidence Of Early Processing Negativity In The Go/Nogo Task, Jack Fogarty, Robert J. Barry, Genevieve Steiner

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020, The Author(s). Past evidence of an early Processing Negativity in auditory Go/NoGo event-related potential (ERP) data suggests that young adults proactively process sensory information in two-choice tasks. This study aimed to clarify the occurrence of Go/NoGo Processing Negativity and investigate the ERP component series related to the first 250 ms of auditory processing in two Go/NoGo tasks differing in target probability. ERP data related to each task were acquired from 60 healthy young adults (M = 20.4, SD = 3.1 years). Temporal principal components analyses were used to decompose ERP data in each task. Statistical analyses compared component amplitudes …

Normal Variations In Personality Predict Eating Behavior, Oral Health, And Partial Syndrome Bulimia Nervosa In Adolescent Girls, Mark S. Allen, Davina A. Robson, Sylvain Laborde

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

2020 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Eating disorders are among the most prevalent disorders in adolescence and can have negative consequences including poor quality of life, medical complications, and even death. This study addresses whether normal variations in personality relate to eating behavior and eating disorder symptomatology in adolescent girls. Participants were a near-representative sample of Australian adolescent girls (n = 1,676). Three personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness) were assessed at age 12 and again at age 14, and self-reported eating and weight management behaviors were assessed at age 14. After controlling for …