Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

What Do I Do With The Rest Of The Class? The Nature Of Teaching Learning Activities, Brian L. Cambourne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Cambourne discusses using teaching-learning activities that revolve around the use of small groups. He relates how teachers can keep the rest of their class productively engaged in learning as the teacher works with individuals or small groups.

Porter And Sheppard, A World Of Difference: Society, Nature, Development, Noel Castree

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Book review of: P. W. Porter and E.S. Sheppard, A World of Difference: Society, Nature, Development. New York: Guilford Press, 1998. 602 pp. ISBN 1-57230-324-7 (paperback).

Quality Of Life Related To Fear Of Falling And Hip Fracture In Older Women: A Time Trade Off Study, Glenn P. Salkeld, Ian D. Cameron, Robert Cumming, S Easter, J Seymour, S E. Kurrle, S Quine

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the utility (preference for health) associated with hip fracture and fear of falling among older women.

DESIGN:

Quality of life survey with the time trade off technique. The technique derives an estimate of preference for health states by finding the point at which respondents show no preference between a longer but lower quality of life and a shorter time in full health.

SETTING:

A randomised trial of external hip protectors for older women at risk of hip fracture.

PARTICIPANTS:

194 women aged >/= 75 years enrolled in the randomised controlled trial or who were eligible for the …

Enhancing Offender Recall Of Their Crime As A Strategy To Improve Treatment Responsivity, Mitchell K. Byrne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Australian Psychological Society 'The Brain Games' 3rd-7th October 2000 National Convention Centre, Canberra ACT

Key Issues In The Provision Of Correctional Services For Women, Mitchell K. Byrne, Kevin Howells

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The time has arrived for a more detailed analysis of the specific needs of female offenders. Even though there is an increasing prevalence, internationally, of women in prison, there is a perception in the literature that governments and correctional systems have failed to deliver reforms and changes in the management of women prisoners. The extent of need identified in the international literature is of relevance to Australia, where the number of female prisoners also appears to be on the increase - in 1983 women comprised 3.9% of the entire prison population, in 1990, 5.4% and in 1998: 6%. Easteal (1992) …

Female Offenders Are Different Form Male Offenders: Anger As An Example, Jennifer Suter, Mitchell K. Byrne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Anger is a common, universally experienced emotion, which occurs on a continuum from mild annoyance to rage or fury (Daffenbacher et al., 1996). Anger is likely to occur when a person believes their personal rights or codes have been violated. Similarly, anger can occur when a person feels powerless or threatened (Horn and Towl, 1997). Anger consists of interrelated, reciprocal components (Novaco, 1975). Environmental circumstances often trigger anger. Physiological symptoms can serve to alert the individual that they are angry, and can help them provide a label to that anger. Cognitions refer to the individual's style of thinking about, or …

Trauma Reactions In The Offender, Mitchell K. Byrne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The psychological sequelae to an incident, objectively defined as 'traumatic', may range from no reaction or mild depression through to dissociative experiences and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this paper I intend to survey more severe responses to trauma as experienced by offenders, in particular, violent offenders. While the symptomology overlap, the two key trauma reactions discussed are PTSD and Dissociative Disorders. The importance of dissociation has recently been emphasized by Gershuny and Thayer (1999) who have found that not only is dissociation associated with trauma but that those who do dissociate are more likely to experience higher Ievels of …

Researching Case Management: Making It A 'Fact'?, Peter J. Camilleri

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Case management has become a very important part of the human and health services and has also been cemented in legislation in the US, the UK and Australia and implemented in various practice settings and programs. A review on case management is presented considering its historic origins, concepts and the various researches done on it.

Attempted Suicide: Listening To And Learning From Young People, Susan Gair, Peter J. Camilleri

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Suicide has become a major international health issue. Australia records one of the highest youth suicide rates in the world and Queensland has one of the highest suicide rates in Australia. This study sought insights into the suicide attempts of young men and women who survived. In-depth interviews were conducted in Townsville, Queensland, with a small group of young men and women aged 16-24 to explore the circumstances leading to the attempted suicide, the help sought and their suggestions for more effective intervention. The findings offer insight into the needs of local at-risk youth and provide suggestions for intervention services …

The Carletonville-Mothusimpilo Project: Limiting Transmission Of Hiv Through Community-Based Interventions, Brian G. Williams, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Catherine Campbell, D Taljaard, Eleanor Gouws, S Moema, Z Mzaidume, B Rasego

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

For all of the last century, the economy of South Africa, and so also of its neighbouring countries, has depended on migrant labour from rural areas. This is particularly so for the mining industry, especially hard-rock mining, and this has led to a system of 'oscillating' migration whereby men from rural areas come to live and work on the mines, without their wives or families, but return home regularly. This pattern of oscillating migration is an important determinant of health and, especially at the start of the epidemic, contributed to the spread of HIV in the region. In this paper …

Visually Directed Walking To Briefly Glimpsed Targets Is Not Biased Toward Fixation Location, John W. Philbeck

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

When observers indicate the magnitude of a previously viewed spatial extent by walking without vision to each endpoint, there is little evidence of the perceptual collapse in depth associated with some other methods (eg visual matching). One explanation is that both walking and matching are perceptually mediated, but that the perceived layout is task-dependent. In this view, perceived depth beyond 2 - 3 m is typically distorted by an equidistance effect, whereby the egocentric distances of nonfixated portions of the depth interval are perceptually pulled toward the fixated point. Action-based responses, however, recruit processes that enhance perceptual accuracy as the …

Odyssey Renewed: Towards A New Aesthetics Of Video Gaming, Jason Wilson

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The first home video-gaming console, the Magnavox Odyssey, was released in 1972. Its limited graphical capacities led Magnavox to ship it with a number of plastic overlays for the user's television that would admit a little variety into the then relatively crude gaming experience, limited to a built-in, Pong-like game. Computer and video games have come a long way since then, but it often seems as if critical approaches to gaming have continued shuffling through these plastic films, taking transformations of the screen, or on-screen events, for the whole of the gaming experience. It seems to me that reflection has …

Online Support For Preservice Mathematics Teachers In Schools, Anthony Herrington, Janice Herrington, Arshad Omari

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This paper describes the development of a web-based resource designed to support preservice mathematics teachers on school practice. The development of the site resulted in part from a needs analysis conducted with a focus group of students. The purpose of the focus group discussion was to gain from the students their ideas about the type of support that would be most helpful to them as they prepare to teach mathematics lessons, and how the university might be able to assist in these sometimes prolonged periods in school where they are without their traditional support structures. As a result of these …

Learning To Assess School Mathematics: Context, Multimedia And Transfer, Janice Herrington, Anthony Herrington, Len Sparrow

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The study set out to explore the use of a multimedia program on assessment strategies within a preservice teacher mathematics method unit, and to investigate the extent of transfer to classroom practice. A multimedia program was designed to incorporate characteristics of 'situated' learning environments. Preservice teachers used the program in their mathematics method classes, and they and their supervising teachers were interviewed regarding their use of assessment strategies while on professional practice. Results show that all students used a variety of assessment strategies, and according to the beliefs of the students themselves, were influenced in their use of strategies by …

Preservice Teachers' Understanding And Representation Of Equality Of Fractions In A Javabars Environment, Mohan Chinnappan

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In recent years, considerable research effort has been invested in identifying the nature of the knowledge that drives mathematics teachers’ actions in the classroom. While this investigation has generated a useful body of information, there has been little information about changes in the character of this knowledge when teaching involves the use of technology. In this paper, I address this issue by examining a group of preservice primary mathematics teachers’ understanding of fractions. The participants were required to order fractions within software called JavaBars. The results suggest that, while the preservice teachers had built up robust knowledge about fractions, they …

Over Het Meten Van De Sensitiviteit Bij Professionele Verzorg(St)Ers, Frits Goossens, Edward Melhuish

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Much research indicates the importance of interactional experience for young children in developing their competence. In particular sensitivity in interaction has been associated with beneficial developmental outcomes and is often regarded as a central component of good quality child care. This study considers some alternative ways of measuring the sensitivity of caregivers. Thirty professional caregiver-infant dyads were observed in three different situations: in the laboratury during free-play (1), during a task (2) and at the nursery itself while caring for 10 infants with a colleague (3). Results indicated that their sensitivity was highest in situation 1; this score was significantly …

Severe Maternal Psychopathology And Infant-Mother Attachment, A E. Hipwell, Frits Goossens, Edward Melhuish, R Kumar

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Eighty-two mother-infant dyads, comprising women with psychiatric disorder and individually matched controls, were followed up over the children's 1st year of life. The mothers with mental illness consisted of two subgroups: first, 25 severely mentally ill mothers who had been admitted to a psychiatric unit with their infants; and second, 16 mothers from a community sample meeting research diagnostic criteria for unipolar, nonpsychotic depression. With the exception of six dyads in the in-patient group, observations were made of the mother-infant interaction and the quality of the infant-mother attachment relationship at 12 months. The nature and course of the mothers' illness …

Options For The Assessment And Reporting Of Primary Students In The Key Learning Area Of Science To Be Used For The Reporting Of Nationally Comparable Outcomes Of Schooling Within The Context Of The National Goals For Schooling In The Twenty-First Century, Samuel Ball, Ian D. Rae, Jim S. Tognolini

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The National Education Performance Monitoring Taskforce (NEPMT) was established in April 1999 by the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA). The taskforce was called upon inter alia to develop performance measures as the basis for national reporting. One such area was science.

Diet Composition And Insulin Action In Animals Models, Leonard Storlien, J A. Higgins, T C. Thomas, John Brown, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang, Paul Else

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Critical insights into the etiology of insulin resistance have been gained by the use of animal models where insulin action has been modulated by strictly controlled dietary interventions not possible in human studies. Overall, the literature has moved from a focus on macronutrient proportions to understanding the unique effects of individual subtypes of fats, carbohydrates and proteins. Substantial evidence has now accumulated for a major role of dietary fat subtypes in insulin action. Intake of saturated fats is strongly linked to development of obesity and insulin resistance, while that of polyunsaturated fats (PUFAs) is not. This is consistent with observations …

A Relacao Escola-Familia - Um Modelo De Trocas E Colaboracao, Eliana Bhering, Iram Siraj-Blatchford

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

This study uses data from 21 fourth grade parents in 8 Brazilian state pre- and primary schools in Belo Horizonte - MG, Brazil, to examine their views about parental involvement and others issues related to their children's school education. The data has been collected through using Epstein's typology (in Brandt, 1989). This typology has already been validated in the past and it was created to summarise many of the kinds of parental involvement practices that any level of school education - from nursery years to secondary level - may develop. A different pattern of the parents and the schools relationship …

Economic Evaluation And Ebm, Glenn P. Salkeld

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

In the world of textbook economics, the "sovereign" consumer weighs up the (freely available) evidence on the costs, risks, harms and benefits before purchasing health care. The value that consumers then attach to the evidence and the expected outcomes is revealed through their purchasing decisions in the market. Ultimately, the consumer's decision represents the best or benefit maximising choice given the available information. The notion of this evidence-based market is however a long way from the reality of health care in Australia. Consumers (that is, patients) generally do not have current best evidence to hand. The same could be said …

Risk, Needs And Responsivity In Violence Rehabilitation: Implications For Programs With Indigenous Offenders, Kevin Howells, Andrew Day, Stuart Byrne, Mitchell K. Byrne

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

As a group of forensic psychologists with a background in clinical practice and research with offenders, we share the perception that sensitivity to cultural issues is a neglected area in offender rehabilitation. Perhaps this should be stated more strongly: that cultural dimensions of offender rehabilitation programs require urgent attention. We are working to understand how rehabilitation programs can be most appropriately offered to Aboriginal offenders, with a particular interest in programs dealing with anger, aggression and violence ( Howells et al, 1997). Our starting point in this area has been an interest in whether the rehabilitation of offenders works - …

Hallmark Events, Kevin M. Dunn, Pauline M. Mcguirk

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The modern Olympic Games have always been an international event: a celebration of sporting competition between athletes from many nations. In an era marked by the quickening pace of global integration of the world's economic and cultural systems, the Olympics can also be thought of as a globalised 'hallmark event'. Certainly, the Games have economic, cultural and political dimensions that mirror the various processes of globalisation. The impacts of the Games on its host city are similar to the impacts of globalisation processes. In this chapter we discuss the analogies between the Olympics, as a hallmark event, and the local …

Evaluating Hiv/Std Interventions In Developing Countries: Do Current Indicators Do Justice To Advances In Intervention Approaches?, Catherine L. Mac Phail, Catherine Campbell

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

HIV continues to spread unabated in many developing countries. Here we consider the interventions that are currently in place and critically discuss the methods that are being used to evaluate them as reported in the published literature. In recent years there has been a move away from highly individual-oriented interventions towards more participatory approaches that emphasise techniques such as community-led peer education and group discussions. However, this move towards more community orientated intervention techniques has not been matched by the development of evaluation methods with which to capture and explain the community and social changes which are often necessary preconditions …

Social Identity, Domain Specific Self-Esteem And Intergroup Evaluation: The Relevance Of Important Self-Esteem Domains., John A. Hunter, Kerry O'Brien, Andrew C. Grocott

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The present investigation sought to extend recent research concerned with assessing the link between domain specific self-esteem and intergroup evaluation. It was hypothesized that, following the display of group favoring evaluations, category members would experience an increase in that domain of self-esteem judged to be more important to the ingroup. Support for this hypothesis was found. A pilot study was conducted to ascertain which domains of the self were judged by male category members to be important and unimportant to the ingroup. On the basis of this analysis, domains of self-esteem important (i.e. physical self-esteem) and unimportant (i.e. religious self-esteem) …

Turning Memories Into Memoirs: The Australian Experience, Rae Luckie

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Eighteen months ago I began to teach a hybrid course of "creative writing/writing life stories" through Kiama Adult & Community Education. I searched the Internet for resources and happened upon a web page "Turning Memories into Memoirs" which promoted lifewriting and had a network of teaching affiliates. The author of the program, Denis Ledoux, has been teaching lifewriting since 1988. His partner and publisher, artist Martha Blowen and I began an e-mail correspondence of gigantic proportions. I lived through their severe ice storm, saw the Arkansas massacre through her eyes, learnt about home schooling and life in Maine. We've e-mailed …

Strategies For Managing Suicide And Self-Harm In Prisons, Morag Mcarthur, Peter J. Camilleri, Honey Webb

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Previous research has consistently shown that suicide is the leading cause of death in Australian prisons. This paper provides a summary of current program initiatives and strategies for minimising self harm that are operating in Australian prisons.

Learning Through Making In The Early Years, John Siraj-Blatchford, Iram Siraj-Blatchford

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Fifty four five-year-old children in three London Primary Schools were tested using the British Ability Scales. Every 'product' of the children's construction work for the term was photographed. Three intervention groups were withdrawn from their classroom for one hour per week for focused instruction. 'Access only' groups were also withdrawn but were not provided with instruction. The children in the second control group received no additional experience of making beyond that normally provided in the classroom. A total of 450 products were constructed by the children during the intervention phase and each has been categorised from an analysis of the …

Investigating Hiv/Aids In Southern Africa, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Book Review Webb, D (1997) HIV and AIDS in Africa. Cape Town: David Philip. ISBN 0 86486 341 1

Adolescents And Hiv In Developing Countries: New Research Directions, Catherine L. Mac Phail

Faculty of Social Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Adolescents are of interest in HIV/STD studies as they are a group whose behaviour places them at increased risk of HIV infection (Hein, 1992). Adolescence is a period characterised by the development and formation of sexuality, a process which frequently involves a high turn-over of sexual partners (Krahe and Reiss, 1995; Lear, 1995). Teenage experimentation with drugs and alcohol frequently leads to the adoption of high risk behaviours or engagement in unplanned episodes of casual sex (Weatherburn and Project SIGMA, 1992). In addition, adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the normative social influences of their peers (DiClemente, 1990). These influences among …