Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Essays On Crime And Law, Morgan Elaine Stockham

CGU Theses & Dissertations

Civil law and public policy often are related to crime in complex and interesting ways. The following dissertation explores the intersections of divorce law and public policy with criminal outcomes. Within my first chapter, we attempt to identify the causal effect of wages on a prosecutor’s effort by studying an exogenous salary increase in New York. We measure the performance by the likelihood that a conviction is upheld when appealed. If the efficiency wage theory explains behavior, then the exogenous wage shock should entice better performance. Alternatively, if individuals who hold office are motivated primarily by an intrinsic motivations rather …

Essays In Behavioral Economics And Neuroeconomics, Rana Sulaiman Alogaily

CGU Theses & Dissertations

This dissertation is composed of three unrelated chapters on Behavioral Economics and Neuroeconomics, all of which are on different topics. Chapter 1: Willingness to Get Vaccinated Against COVID-19 and Reasons for Hesitancy Among U.S Residents. Chapter 2: Testosterone Administration Induces A Red Shift in Democrats. Chapter 3: Neurophysiologic Predictors of Mood in the Elderly.

Three Essays In Law And Economics: Consequences And Formation Of Legal Rules In Other Markets, Minjae Yun

CGU Theses & Dissertations

In this thesis, I study the consequences and formation of legal rules in the “non-traditional” markets to show that non-traditional markets are fundamental to a society’s functioning. The first chapter shows how legal participants strategically behave based on judicial disqualification. The second chapter examines the unintended consequence of a decarceration policy in the criminal-justice system by linking the ex-criminal re-entry issue and homelessness. Lastly, the third chapter concentrates on how the tenure of elected law enforcement agents contributes to the jail-crowding environment, leveraging term limits imposed on local county elected officials.

The first chapter examines the use and impact of …

An Exponential Formula For Random Variables Generated By Multiple Brownian Motions, Maximilian Lawrence Baroi

CGU Theses & Dissertations

The frozen operator has been used to develop Dyson-series like representations for random variables generated by classical Brownian motion, Lévy processes and fractional Brownian with Hurst index greater than 1/2.The relationship between the conditional expectation of a random variable (or fractional conditional expectation in the case of fractional Brownian motion)and that variable's Dyson-series like representation is the exponential formula. These results had not yet been extended to either fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index less than 1/2, or d-dimensional Brownian motion. The former is still out of reach, but we hope our review of stochastic integration for fractional Brownian motion …

Improving Targeting Of Farmers For Enrollment In Agri-Environmental Programs, Joshua M. Duke, Robert J. Johnston, Amy L. Shober, Zhongyuan Liu

Economics

Agricultural cost-share research and planning tend to focus on one program at a time, and hence overlook additional efficiencies that might be obtained by considering the possibility that enrollment decisions are related across different programs. Models of multiple-program participation decisions enable these relationships to be considered as part of conditional enrollment predictions, providing more complete and accurate understanding of enrollment behavior. Analysis of data from farmer surveys in Maryland and Ohio show complementary drivers across program participation. Results are consistent with economies of scale and/or scope among different agri-environmental programs. The data also show the gains in prediction accuracy when …

The Relationship Between Groom Price And Parents’ Investment In Their Daughters’ Human Capital, Mahjuja Taznin

Pennsylvania Economic Review

This paper analyzes the relationship between a daughter’s education and the price her family pays for a groom in India. I use an Indian national school-latrine-construction initiative as a policy instrument to address the problem of endogeneity between parental spending on education and groomprice. I find that a woman with an additional year of education marries a more educated groom and pays on average an extra 6 percent for her groomprice. A woman pays extra for each additional year of her groom’s education, resulting in the total effect of a woman with more education paying more groomprice. I do not …

A Profit-Based View Of Economic Granularity In The Perspective Of Market Competition, Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest

Pennsylvania Economic Review

This paper studies Gabaix’s granular hypothesis from an analytical angle in lights of profits and market competition. By establishing the profit pictures of the initial firms of an emerging market and the incumbent firms of a maturing market, it is shown that consumers’ evolving preference help intensify market competition and encourage new firms’ entry into an established oligopoly market. With this profit-based logic, among other results established are precise conditions under which Gabaix’s granular hypothesis is either surely true or definitely not true, followed by relevant empirical confirmations. At the end, several important open questions are posed for future research.

Missouri Soybean Exports And The Democratizing Market Force, David D. Hammons

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

A commonly held assumption of America’s post-Cold War place in the world is that prolonged contact with American capitalism and democracy will lead to the adoption of these systems in all nations that participate in international trade. This paper attempts to verify or disprove that assumption by examining a specific traded commodity between two specific nations, the institutions that support this trade, and the people actively participating in it. The growth of soybean exports from the state of Missouri provides this vehicle for examining the trade history between the United States of America and China, and provides evidence that disproves …

Implications For The Mainstreaming Of Fair Trade: Applying The Eras Of Fair Trade To The Product Life Cycle Theory, Kimberlee Josephson

Pennsylvania Economic Review

By drawing attention to the notion of trade-based development, Fair Trade has contributed to the awareness of how market transactions can intersect with social issues. Fair Trade serves as an innovative supply chain that engages the world’s ‘poor’ in the trading system and it can be thought of as a development project that has evolved from a social movement to a social enterprise. The commercialization of activist efforts, however, faces the same pressures as the commercialization of any product and despite Fair Trade being founded for a purpose rather than a profit, this sector is embedded within market-based systems and …

Exploring The Effect Of Three-Dimensional Television Advertising On Brand Attitudes: The Roles Of Human Factors, Involvement, Presence, And Flow, Young Bae, Michelle Gordon, Chang-Dae Ham, Jong Woo Jun

Pennsylvania Economic Review

This research explores how consumers process three-dimensional television advertising. It examines the hierarchical relationships among human factors, involvement, presence, flow, and attitudes toward the advertised brand by employing a quasi-experimental design incorporating a real three-dimensional television commercial. This study finds that human factors, i.e., physical fatigue and the inconvenience of wearing three-dimensional glasses, are negatively associated with situational involvement. Situational involvement is in turn positively related to attitudes toward the brand in the three-dimensional television advertisement. Interestingly, feelings of presence significantly mediate the relationship between involvement and attitudes toward the brand, but the flow state does not. Additionally, the physical …

Why Do Rich People Not Retire?, Xiya Li

Scripps Senior Theses

Work and leisure are central to the human condition. Scholars from many fields have tried to understand why Americans work so much. Many people believe that when they have enough money, they will retire. However, many people are not willing to retire even if they have enough money to do so. Most people who do not have enough money to retire do not even get any amount of leisure from their jobs. If the view that enough money directly leads to retirement is wrong, then it is time to reconsider using this logic to think of the possibility of retiring. …

Analyzing College On-Campus Residency Agglomeration Benefits And Their Impact On Student Outcomes, Emily Pedace

Scripps Senior Theses

Economies of agglomeration have been shown to increase productivity in part due to technological/ knowledge spillovers. I look at public colleges and universities in California and Texas to examine if students living on-campus can generate enough agglomeration to boost productivity in the students. I use a unique data set with information collected from Common Data Sets, self-reported by the schools. When using an OLS regression with the averages of these variables, higher averages of on-campus residence is correlated to higher average graduation and retention rates for Texas and California. When using a fixed effects panel regression, I find changes in …

County Walkability And Small Business Receipts, Talia Perluss

Scripps Senior Theses

This thesis explores the correlation between county walkability and small business receipts, as well as other possible demographic variables that could explain the success of small businesses, by using a fixed-effect panel regression model. Using county-level data in the years 2012 and 2017, this paper finds that there is a significant correlation between an increase in walkability and an increase in receipts. When running the fixed-effect regressions, this paper found that there is a moderately high positive correlation between walkability and per capita income, suggesting that the effects of an increase in walkability may also capture the effects of an …

The Economic And Social Decline Of Women's Colleges Across The United States, Alexandra Isabelle Rivasplata

Scripps Senior Theses

Women have been attending college at a greater rate than men for several decades. However, women’s colleges have been shutting down or transitioning to coeducation at incredibly high rates. Literature demonstrates the importance of women’s colleges due to their benefits on students’ future career success and psychological wellbeing. However, there is less research concerning the decline of women's colleges, and none regarding the economic and quantitative factors influencing their closures. Using a newly constructed, completely original data set, I perform a logistic regression and analyze variables related to the survival of women’s colleges. I find a high statistical significance of …

Effect Of Health Aid On Life Expectancy In Sub-Saharan Africa, Sakiru Oladele Akinbode Dr., Isiaq O. Oseni

Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies

No abstract provided.

Would An India-Us Trade Agreement Be Beneficial For India?, Neetu Kaushik, Niloufer Sohrabji

International Review of Business and Economics

This paper examines the potential impact of an India-U.S. FTA on India’s trade. We use two approaches to estimate trade effects, compound annual growth analysis and Gravity model estimation. Our sample spans the period from 1992 to 2019 and consists of seven bilateral trade agreements and three multilateral trade agreements which include 24 countries as our treatment group. In both cases we compare the impact on India’s trade following a trade agreement with a control group which we create by including those countries whose trade share exceeds one percent of India’s total trade (in 2019). Our CAGR analysis shows that …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of The Pennsylvania Wine Industry With Actionable Recommendations For Industry Improvement And Growth, Seth Porter

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

Local wine industries are vital engines of agricultural economic growth, rural development, and sustainable long-term tax base creation. While the Pennsylvania wine industry has made admirable progress, the industry still has a poor collective reputation, high variance in product quality differential, and a perceived regulatory environment that creates negative externalities for local wine, agricultural production, and auxiliary enterprises. This comprehensive analysis attempts to diagnose and remedy all primary public policy, regulatory, state, non-profit, and non-state private actions that have impeded the Pennsylvania wine industry. A methodology of grounded theory qualitative processes, furthered by texting mining and document analysis techniques, were …

Windfall Payment Savings: An Examination Of Act 13 Disbursements In Pennsylvania, Corey Young

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

State and local governments occasionally receive positive exogenous payments or windfalls that have a significant impact on their budgets. However, few works examine how budget-makers allocate such payments or if they are consumed in a manner consistent with other revenue streams. Prior research suggests that multiple factors, including the size of a windfall payment, impact how much of the funds are saved and spent. Using data from the Act 13 Unconventional Natural Gas Impact Fee in Pennsylvania, this study examines the relationship between windfall payment size and savings rates between 2011 and 2019. The results of the study indicate that …

Essays On Evaluating The Effects Of The Child Tax Credit, Hyein Kang

Theses and Dissertations--Economics

This dissertation consists of three essays understanding how the Child Tax Credit (CTC) affects maternal labor supply, maternal health, and children’s outcomes. The CTC was implemented in 1998 tax year and has been expanded multiple times throughout the past 20 years. Chapter 1 examines the effect of the CTC on the labor supply of single and married mothers using the numerous policy reforms in the credit generosity and eligibility criteria since its inception in 1997. I use variation in the simulated benefits for a nationally representative sample to estimate the labor supply response at the extensive and intensive margins. Using …

Data Analytics For Crisis Management: A Case Study Of Sharing Economy Services In The Covid-19 Pandemic, Bahri Haciibrahimoglu

Selected Full Text Dissertations, 2011-

This dissertation study aims to analyze the role of data-driven decision-making in sharing economy during the COVID-19 pandemic as a crisis management tool. In the twenty-first century, when applying analytical tools has become an essential component of business decision-making, including operations on crisis management, data analytics is an emerging field. To carry out corporate strategies, data-driven decision-making is seen as a crucial component of business operations. Data analytics can be applied to benefit-cost evaluations, strategy planning, client engagement, and service quality. Data forecasting can also be used to keep an eye on business operations and foresee potential risks. Risk Management …

Regression Discontinuity Evidence On The Effectiveness Of The Minimum Legal E-Cigarette Purchasing Age, Jeff Desimone, Daniel Grossman, Nicolas Ziebarth

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Increases in youth vaping rates and concerns of a new generation of nicotine addicts recently prompted an increase in the federal minimum legal purchase age (MLPA) for tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, to 21 years. This study presents the first regression discontinuity evidence on the effectiveness of e-cigarette MLPA laws. Using data on 12^th graders from Monitoring the Future, we obtain robust evidence that federal and state age-18 MLPAs decreased underage e-cigarette use by 15–20% and frequent use by 20–40%. These findings suggest that the age-21 federal MLPA could meaningfully reduce e-cigarette use among 18–20-year-olds.

Rural Business Development Corporation Annual Report 2022, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

All other publications

In accordance with section 63 of the Financial Management Act 2006, we hereby submit for your information and presentation to Parliament, the annual report of the Rural Business Development Corporation for the reporting period ended 30 June 2023.

The annual report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Financial Management Act 2006 and the Rural Business Development Corporation Act 2000.

The Industry Expertise Of Sell-Side Equity Analysts, Matthew Louis Dearth

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Institutional investors, the most important consumer of analyst research, consistently rank industry knowledge as the most important attribute of analysts. Despite this, little is known about how investors measure industry knowledge since analyst output which can be evaluated objectively is usually associated with firm-level outcomes such as earnings forecasts or price targets. Comprehensive data are recently available for analyst forecasts of key performance indicators (“KPIs”), firm-performance metrics specific to a particular industry. Whereas reactions to earnings forecasts and other firm-level outputs only inform us about analyst skill in firm-level predictions, stock-price reactions to forecast revisions of industryspecific KPIs can proxy …

Relationship Between Intergenerational Mobility (Igm) And Economic Growth: Evidence From Cross-Country Data, Swapnil Landge

Publications and Research

Inequality of opportunity (IGM) is a major cause of inequality of opportunity in many countries. However, the impact of IGM on economic growth has not been fully explored. In this research project, I first replicated and extended the IMF working paper titled IGM, IGM, and Economic Growth’ by Shekhar Aiyar and Christian Ebeke (2019), which explored the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, utilizing various measures of intergenerational mobility, to confirm that the adverse impact of income inequality on growth is more pronounced when IGM is lower. Then, I used the latest Gini dataset (All the Ginis’) compiled by …

Identification Of Poverty Areas By Using Machine Learning Classification Methods From Satellite Imagery In Buraydah City, In The Qassim Region Of Saudi Arabia, Amal Alfawzan

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Saudi Arabia is a wealthy country with its many resources, but it has seen an increase in poverty recently because of a high rate of population growth with a high rate of unemployment. Some estimate that the number of Saudi Arabians living in poverty is between two and four million. This research aims to develop a way to detect poverty through remote sensing. The study area is Buraydah City, the largest city of the Qassim region, an important agricultural center that plays a significant role in the economy of Saudi Arabia. The research hypothesized that there are poor areas within …

Trade In Value Added In Gross Exports: A Better Metric For Understanding Texas-Mexico Trade Flows, Noé Arón Fuentes, Alejandro Brugués, Gabriel González-König, Melissa Floca

Mission Foods Texas-Mexico Center Research

The purpose of this research is to calculate the value-added trade between Texas and Mexico. We argue that a better metric to understand trade flow should be based on value added. U.S. trade deficit with Mexico only reflects gross trade and does not accurately portray the complexities of commercial flows between the two countries. Given that Mexico is Texas' most important trading partner, the transformation of gross trade into value-added trade flows will provide a clearer understanding of this important relationship.

Department Of Economics Newsletter, V26, 2022, University Of Northern Iowa. Department Of Economics.

Department of Economics Newsletter

In This Issue:

Shar's Message --- 1
Jepson Forum --- 2
Scholarship Winners --- 4
Faculty View: Inflation --- 6
Economics Club --- 8
Alumni-in-Residence: Joe Murphy --- 11
Faculty and Staff Updates --- 12

Part 2: Another Year In Recovery: Virginia's Metropolitan Areas, Dragas Center For Economic Analysis And Policy, Old Dominion University

State of the Commonwealth Reports

If Virginia is to continue its recovery from the pandemic economic shock of 2020, this growth will largely come from Virginia’s metropolitan areas. We ask whether Virginians have returned to the labor force in the aftermath of the pandemic and explore how unemployment rates may not reflect the availability of labor. Lastly, we examine how population change may influence the future of Virginia’s metro areas.

Targeting Using Differential Incentives: Evidence From A Field Experiment, Yubraj Acharya, Jiyoon Kim

Economics Faculty Research and Scholarship

In a field experiment in Nepal, we varied the amount of financial incentives provided to health outreach workers by the ethnicity of the client they recruited for a free sugar level assessment. We find that our differential incentive in the ratio of 2.5∶1, geared toward encouraging a disadvantaged referral, raises the chances of such a referral by 11.6 percentage points (95% confidence interval, 1.1–22.1). This effect translates to an incentive elasticity of referral of 0.2. There is no evidence that the outreach workers refer less sick individuals to benefit from higher financial incentives; nor do they target fewer overall referrals.

Bridging Finance Employability Through Competency-Based Education And Andragogy, Joelle Akiki

Datasets

No abstract provided.