Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Extending The Pedagogical Attention Given Elasticity Of Demand In Marketing

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Historically elasticity of demand thinking has been primarily applied to the marketing mix variable of price. However, the concept can also lend meaningful insights into the administration of the other marketing mix and environmental variables in a context of causality. There exists a rich body of literature exploring the more extensive uses of elasticity of demand. However, basic marketing texts, and presumably introductory classes, typically do not feature the wider applications of the tool. This paper explores some of the pedagogical reasons for broadening the treatment of this tool.

An Overview Of The 2005 Bankruptcy Reform Act:A Teaching Supplement

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This research provides an academic tool for filling a potential gap in education related to the importance of bankruptcy for small business owners’ financial decisions. We develop a teaching supplement that provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of the 2005 Bankruptcy Reform Act’s effect on business owners’ risk taking decisions. The supplement also provides empirical statistics on the bankruptcy outcomes for small businesses and unincorporated entrepreneurs. Renewed attention to this area should enable educators to increase students’ awareness of the rapid changes and provide a practical application for the theoretical concepts within financial economics.

Do Stakeholders Benefit From Green Bonds Denominated In Euro? Evidence From Global Greenium, Piotr Jaworski

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

The aim of this paper is to estimate the greenium in the financial debt market, calculated as the difference between the yield of green bonds and conventional bonds with the same type of with respect to euro-denominated bonds, type of the debt security, type of issuers, and maturity. The hypothesis is The greenium for the euro-denominated bonds does exist. For the analysis, yield curves for green bonds and conventional bonds were built. It employed the yield curve methodology proposed by Nelson Siegel Svensson. Statistical tests on greenium were also prepared. Daily data were collected from the Refinitiv Eikon database, covering …

Gender Gaps And Economic Growth: Why Haven't Women Won Globally (Yet)?, Patrick Agte, Orazio Attanasio, Pinelopi K. Goldberg, Charles Gottlieb, Aishwarya Lakshmi Ratan, Rohini Pande, Michael Peters, Charity Troyer Moore, Fabrizio Zilibotti

Discussion Papers

Globally women’s labor force participation lags that of men and women, on average, have lower labor market earnings than men. Does economic growth reduce gender disparities in labor market outcomes between women and men? Conversely, do gender inequalities in the labor market impede growth? To inform these questions, we conduct two analyses. First, we estimate regressions using harmonized data on gender gaps in a range of labor market outcomes from 153 countries spanning two decades (1998-2018). Second, we conduct a systematic review of the recent economics literature on gender gaps in labor markets, examining 16 journals over 21 years. Our …

Technological Disruption And Regulatory Response: The Case Of Decentralised Finance, Jakub Wisła, Jolanta Bartoszewska

Journal of Banking and Financial Economics

This article examines responses to the regulatory challenges posed by decentralised finance (DeFi), a fast-evolving domain of blockchain-based financial innovation. It investigates the factors shaping divergent regulatory strategies, with a focus on the European Union’s comprehensive cryptoasset framework and selected comparative insights. Adopting a qualitative legal methodology – combining doctrinal-functional analysis, multivocal literature review, and two case studies – the authors explore how regulatory responses are influenced by three key variables: legal tradition, the financial function performed by blockchain-based solutions, and the level of technological and institutional autonomy. The case studies – Bitcoin as a payment instrument and cryptoassets as …

Musculoskeletal Disorders In Dentistry: An Insight Into Dental Techniques And Practices, Mehwash Kashif, Aman Ashar, Amna Rehman, Abdul Aleem, Sidra-Tul-Muntaha Hashmi, Muhammad Yousuf Ali

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common workplace hazards in dentistry resulting from poor ergonomics and static postures, which lead to back, neck, and upper limb (shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand) problems among dentists, resulting in harm to their health, productivity, and career. This study aimed to assess the frequency of MSDs, risk factors related to MSDs, and awareness of ergonomics among clinicians. Methods: Data were collected from 400 dental professionals, including house officers, postgraduate trainees, general dentists, and teachers/consultants, each with at least 12 months of practice. Data were collected using a structured, closed-ended questionnaire. Before data collection, ethical approval …

The Pricing Of Bonds Between Coupon Payments:From Theory To Market Practice

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The transition for students from theory to practice is often abrupt and awkward. An example is the pricing of a bond that is between coupon payments. In this situation, students of finance may benefit from further exploration of the effect of compound interest before learning of the method that financial markets actually use to determine the price an investor must pay. This paper explores the confusing link between theoretical pricing of coupon bonds and the practice used by financial markets. Common financial calculators are used as a bridge to highlight this connection.

Grading Bias In The Grading Of Writing Assignments In The Principles Of Macroeconomics: An Exploratory Study

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This case study explores potential grading bias when grading writing assignments. Given seven grading criteria, the mean difference between the scoring of two graders is statistically significant for three criterions: identification of concepts, organization, and writing style and mechanics. The differences in identification of concepts may be due to asymmetric information available to the graders while the differences in the other two presentation type criteria are likely due to the graders’ subjective preferences. Differences in these three criterions account for over 81 percent of the differences in the writing assignments’ overall scores when all criterions are weighted equally.

Attendance And Achievement In Economics:Investigating The Impact Of Attendance Policies And Absentee Rates On Student Performance

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper investigates the impact of a mandatory attendance policy and absentee rates on student grades. Data collected from four sections of microeconomic principles classes taught by the same instructor are used to estimate performance. Results are found to be robust to corrections for survival bias and endogeneity, and indicate that the attendance policy did not impact grades. GPA prior to taking the course and SAT scores are found to be consistent predictors of performance and have a stronger impact on grades as compared to absentee rates. It is suggested that instructors encourage, but not mandate attendance in both small …

An Investigation Of Named Professorships Of Economics In The United States

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper examines distinguished professorships in the academic field of economics in the US from the 1995-1996 and 2001-2002 academic years using data from the Prentice Hall Guide to Economics Faculty compiled by James Hasselback. Over the six year period, the number of named professorships in economics increased from 369 to 402. Our findings suggest that the typical named professor in economics is most likely to be a male, full professor, with teaching and research interests in microeconomics or macroeconomics, and is employed by a private institution. In addition, the evidence shows that in 2001-2002 just 12 schools had over …

A Re-Examination Of The Mundell-Fleming Flexible Exchange-Rate Model

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

For over thirty years, the Mundell-Fleming model has served not only as a template for research in international macroeconomics, but also as an important pedagogical tool. The underlying pedagogical value of the model is that it can be combined with other models to explain how different exogenous factors impact the balance of payments and the exchange rate. The purpose of this paper, in turn, is to elucidate the pedagogical value of the Mundell-Fleming model by presenting a traditional market model consisting of their model and a Keynesian-Hicksian IS/LM and aggregate supply and demand curve model that can be used to …

Exploring The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Ambidexterity And Academic Performance: The Moderating Role Of Digital Capabilities: Evidence From Public Universities Of Duhok Governance, Kurdistan Of Iraq, Zeravan Abdulrahman Omar

Arab Economic and Business Journal

This study examines the impact of entrepreneurial ambidexterity, and the synchronization of exploratory and exploitative activities, on academic performance in university departments, and the role of digital capabilities in moderating this impact. Using a descriptive analytical approach, a questionnaire was distributed to 145 department heads at public universities in Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The data were validated using SPSS version 29 and SmartPLS 4.1.1, both of which confirmed the study's hypotheses. The results revealed a direct, statistically significant, positive correlation between entrepreneurial ambidexterity and departmental academic performance. Furthermore, digital capabilities were found to have a significant positive performance-modifying …

Genetically Modified Crops In Africa: Evidence On Adoption, Economic Benefits, Environmental Effects, And Constraints, Aloyce Hepelwa, Innocensia John

Tanzanian Economic Review

Africa faces deep food insecurity with over 300 million undernourished people driven by, low agricultural productivity, and climate shocks. To enhance food production and sustainable development, there is potential seen in genetically modified (GM) crops. To explore the potential of GM crops, this paper examines their production, adoption, economic and environmental impacts, adoption barriers, and policy implications in Africa and globally. This is done using a structured narrative review of peer-reviewed literature, reports, and policy documents (2014–2024) sourced from different databases complemented by stakeholder consultations. The findings show that GM has expanded considerably worldwide driven by high productivity, reduced pesticide …

Reading Between The Lines: The Influence Of Financial News On Investor Decision-Making, Kalia Noble

Honors College Theses

This thesis investigates how financial media narratives shape investor sentiment and short-term market behavior. Drawing on behavioral finance and narrative economics, it examines whether the framing and tone of market news correlate with intraday volatility in the S&P 500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average. By pairing quantitative price data with contemporaneous headlines from major outlets such as Bloomberg, Yahoo! Finance, and CNBC, the study shows that emotionally charged or speculative narratives are closely associated with sharp market swings, even when fundamentals remain unchanged. These findings highlight the influence of media framing on investor decision-making and underscore the importance of financial …

Trading Posts And "Old Pawn": Diné Navajo Trade And The Native Art Industry, Dustin Roberto

Native American Studies Student Publications

"Old pawn" is widely used to describe antique Native American jewelry and goods once pawned for credit at trading posts in the Four Corners region. This article traces how the trading post pawn system influenced Diné Navajo economic life from 1868 through the 1970s, when federal regulators documented exploitative practices such as inflated interest, withheld mail, and items sold without notice. Weavers and individuals pawning jewelry typically received store credit or overvalued commodities instead of cash, a result of the power dynamics of the setting. Today, "old pawn" functions as a marketing label for vintage goods, often without documentation. The …

Can Schools Sustain The Rising Cost Of Retiree Health Care?, Robert Bifulco, Iuliia Shybalkina

Center for Policy Research

Many New York State school districts spend significant amounts each year for retiree health care benefits, and these payments are expected to grow over the coming decades. This brief summarizes findings from a study examining approximately 300 New York State school districts. Unlike retiree pension plans, which are typically prefunded, retiree health care benefits are funded on a pay-as-you-go basis, meaning that benefits for past employees who are currently retired are paid using current district revenues. In the average school district, pay-as-you-go spending currently amounts to 4.5 percent of district revenues. Assuming current benefit and funding policies remain, spending is …

The Elements Necessary For A Successful Startup, Ciaran Mcgurran

Faculty Curated Undergraduate Works

This paper seeks to uncover what really goes into a startup company to get it off the ground, keep it afloat and growing, and mitigate competition through a case study focus on a software-aided investment-strategy building company. Through an interview of the founder and CEO of the case company as well as first-hand experience working in the company, this paper will seek to gain an understanding of the necessary elements and planning that must go into a startup company for it to have success. Additional online texts also provide supplementary general information on startups and how the planning process is …

On The Determination Of Interest Rates In General And Partial Equilibrium Analysis

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

No abstract provided.

Duration And Bond Price Volatility: Some Further Results

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper evaluates the relative performances of three alternative bond price volatility approximations: Macaulay duration, convexityaugmented Macaulay duration, and an alternative proposed by the authors. Unlike the first two methods, the third is exact rather than approximate in predicting changes in zero-coupon bond prices. In addition, the alternative improves on the accuracy of the Macaulay formula and, for large interest rate changes, of the convexityaugmented formula. For small changes, the accuracy of our proposed and of convexity are similar. Finally, calculation of price changes is considerably more computationally efficient using our proposed formulation, providing it certain pedagogical advantages over convexity.(JEL: …

Additional Thoughts On The Determination Of Interest Rates In General And Partial Equilibrium

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

Bill Yang and Mark Yanochik, hereafter Y&Y, raise two main concerns in their comment [Yang and Yanochik, 2005] on our paper [Fields & Hart, 2003 (a)]. The first is that our use of the long-run Classical model to analyze the liquidity preference (LP) and loanable funds (LF) approaches to interest rate determination is questionable because we “inconsistently” take the price level as given. The second is that we have failed to answer the primary question that Y&Y allege we raise in our paper. Specifically, the allegation is that we did not answer the question of which approach, LP or LF, …

A Profile Of Students Majoring In Economics

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

In addition to creating a profile of (our) students who choose to major in economics, we address the issue of whether students who transfer in to a four-year institution from two-year community colleges are as well prepared to complete the relatively rigorous coursework of the economics major. Perhaps surprisingly, we find that students transferring in from two-year institutions appear to be as well prepared, and complete their students in a superior academic manner compared to those students who conducted their entire academic program in a four-year institution.

Mapping The Components Of Finance Cases Using The Cognitive Flexibility Model

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The theory of cognitive flexibility provides a strong conceptual framework for integrating the multifarious events and situations that combine to form the core of cases used in upper-level finance courses. Transference is the basic tenet of case-based learning. Students must be able to transfer their knowledge and critical thinking skills from one case to another. The issue addressed in this paper is one of practicality. How does one use the cognitive flexibility approach as a pedagogical scaffolding to construct case-based courses in finance? The purpose of this paper is to suggest a means for constructing the learning objects interface for …

Learning From A Simple Options Trading Gam

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

We present a structured real-time classroom options trading game for students who are being exposed to options for the first time and for students who are acquainted with textbook discussions of options markets, but lack any tangible experience related to options markets. The game can be played in one 50-minute class period using blackboard space or a computer display and photocopied handouts. Sample handouts are included, the trading rounds of a call-option game are described in detail, and other versions of the game suggested. We conclude by commenting on benefits of employing active-learning techniques in finance courses.

Illustrating Trade In The Classroom: How Free Trade Can Create Wealth And Decrease Hunger, Literally

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This paper illustrates an active learning exercise for use in introductory economics courses to teach the benefits of trade. The easily implemented classroom game allows students to experience the power of trade on a first hand basis. This game stimulates a number of discussion topics including comparative advantage, voluntary exchange, exploitation, externalities of trade, and inequality.

Estimating Security Returns Variance: A Review Of Techniques For Classroom Discussion

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

The typical financial management or investments textbook offers variance as a security risk measure, though usually omitting significant discussion concerning drawbacks to standard historical variance estimators and failing to discuss various alternatives to them. This paper reviews alternative variance estimation procedures, the most commonly used of non-relative risk measures. This review paper is intended to draw together variance estimation procedures from a number of sources for undergraduate or M.B.A. finance instructors intending to provide a more complete applications-oriented classroom discussion of risk measurement. Methodologies discussed here include traditional sample variance estimates, extreme value estimators, Black-Scholes implied volatility and AutoRegressive techniques.

Economics And Business Education: A Comparative Study Of The Ukraine And The United States

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

I examined seven different groups of secondary students from the USA and Ukraine, ranging from those with 9 hours of economics instruction to those who had no formal training. The TEL means were tested using a Chi Square test of independence. This study clearly demonstrates two important findings. First, the Ukraine with all of its problems has done a miraculous job of improving both interest in economics and producing more informed students. A second finding is that both countries need to improve education in business in their curriculum if they are to reach the majority of students.

A Framework For Teaching The Rational Voter Model In Public Choice Courses

Journal of Economics and Finance Education

This study provides a simple interpretation and extension of the Rational Voter Model (RVM), which enables students in Public Choice classes to easily understand its application in a real-world context. In doing so, the presentation identifies key aggregate-level economic and non-economic determinants of the expected benefits from voting and further provides empirical findings for the period 1960-2000, data indicate that the voter participation rate has been directly/positively related to strong public approval or strong public disapproval of the incumbent President. This study also finds that the voter participation rate has been positively impacted by the opportunity to vote in Presidential …

From Cafes To Competitiveness: The Influence Of Amenities On Office Values And Suburban Economic Development In Portland, Or, Jihye Kang

Dissertations and Theses

This dissertation examines the spatial and economic implications of urban amenities in the formation of suburban office markets in the post-pandemic period. The research applies principles from agglomeration theory, spatial econometrics, and urban planning to analyze the statistical relationships between amenity distribution, rent formation, and location behavior across central and non-central submarkets.

The research consists of three integrated papers focused on the Portland–Vancouver–Hillsboro, OR–WA Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The first paper employs spatial econometric modeling, specifically a Spatial Autoregressive Model with Autoregressive Disturbances (SARAR), to examine the relationship between proximity to cafés and office rent levels in Portland’s central business …

Procurement Without Priors: A Simple Mechanism And Its Notable Performance, Dirk Bergemann, Tibor Heumann, Stephen Morris

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

How should a buyer design procurement mechanisms when suppliers’ costs are unknown, and the buyer does not have a prior belief? We demonstrate that notably simple mechanisms—those that share a constant fraction of the buyer utility with the seller—allow the buyer to realize a guaranteed positive fraction of the efficient social surplus across all possible costs. Moreover, a judicious choice of the share based on the known demand maximizes the surplus ratio guarantee that can be attained across all possible (arbitrarily complex and nonlinear) mechanisms and cost functions. Results apply to related nonlinear pricing and optimal regulation problems.

Explaining Pension Trends And Recent Pension Performance, Nathan Jeppson, John A. Ruddy, David F. Salerno

Pennsylvania Economic Review

Due to significant unfunded liabilities, many employer-sponsored retirement plans both domestically and internationally are shifting away from defined benefit (DB) pension plans to defined contribution (DC) plans. This is especially the case in private industry. Many expected that the COVID-19 pandemic would cause the funding status of DB plans to worsen. However, the opposite occurred. This is primarily due to decreased life expectancies and improved financial market performance. We utilize a 2004-2021 dataset that contains state level GDP, revenue, pension, and life expectancy data to study U.S. state DB pension plans. We are able to explain over 80% of the …