Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Labor Market, Urban Poverty And Propoor Employment Policies, Heba Nassar, Heba El-Laithy

Faculty Journal Articles

A complicated relationship exists between labor market mechanisms and poverty. Poverty might arise from labor market mechanisms, as much as from other more obvious factors such as overall living standards, low levels of production and productivity as well as socioeconomic conditions that lead to inequalities in the labor market. This paper tries to study the relationship between urban poverty and the labor market by constructing a poverty index using the data of the Survey" Socioeconomic conditions of Work in Greater Cairo". Factor analysis was used to combine seventeen socio-economic variables in one poverty index. The index was used to study …

Are Community Banks A Driver Of New Business Formation? Empirical Evidence From The United States From 2005 To 2015, Christopher Dodd

Honors Projects in Economics

The number of small banks in the U.S. has dropped drastically since the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation [FDIC], 2018). Small businesses, which are essential to a well-functioning economy, often rely on banks as a source of financial capital. This study helps explain if the number of community banks in a state impacts new business formation and whether financial regulation passed following the GFC, specifically the DoddFrank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, moderates the significance of the relationship. This thesis contributes to the literature in a few major ways. First, it provides a …

America At A Glance: Unemployment Among People With Disabilities During The Covid-19 Recession, University Of Montana Rural Institute

Employment

People with disabilities are often the first to experience economic disruptions, and among the last to recover. Unemployment among people with disabilities spiked to 18.9% in April 2020 and declined to 12.5% in September. Both the initial increase and recent decrease in unemployment was primarily driven by changes in temporary unemployment (unemployed workers who expect to go back to their same job within six months). While temporary unemployment has gone down, permanent unemployment has risen since the recession began, and may indicate that for some, temporary unemployment is becoming permanent. As the recession wears on and unemployment benefits begin to …

Producer Services: An Engine For High-Wage Job Growth, Spencer Cook, Eric Thompson

Business in Nebraska

Producer services providers are firms that sell services primarily to the business community rather than to individuals and households. Many producer services businesses are classified in the professional, scientific, and technical service (PSTS) industry. Accounting firms, consultants, and computer design services are prominent examples of PSTS businesses that are worth studying for three reasons:

1. SUPPORT OF OTHER INDUSTRIES: PSTS industries supply the broader business community, making them a critical segment of the economy.

2. RAPID HIGH WAGE JOB GROWTH: Many PSTS industries are rapidly growing and pay high wages. The producer services sector, in fact, is the principal source …

The Revealed Preference Theory Of Stable Matchings With One-Sided Preferences, Gaoji Hu, Jiangtao Li, Rui Tang

Research Collection School Of Economics

We investigate the testable implications of the theory of stable matchings in two-sided matching markets with one-sided preferences. Our main result connects the revealed preference analysis to the well-known lattice structure of the set of stable matchings, and tests the rationalizability of a data set by analyzing the joins and meets of matchings.

Persistent And Rough Volatility, Xiaobin Liu, Shuping Shi, Jun Yu

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper contributes to an ongoing debate on volatility dynamics. We introduce a discrete-time fractional stochastic volatility (FSV) model based on the fractional Gaussian noise. The new model has the same limit as the fractional integrated stochastic volatility (FISV) model under the in-fill asymptotic scheme. We study the theoretical properties of both models and introduce a memory signature plot for a model-free initial assessment. A simulated maximum likelihood (SML) method, which maximizes the time-domain log-likelihoods obtained by the importance sampling technique, is employed to estimate the model parameters. Simulation studies suggest that the SML method can accurately estimate both models. …

Robust Virtual Implementation With Almost Complete Information, Takashi Kunimoto

Research Collection School Of Economics

Artemov, Kunimoto, and Serrano (2013a,b, henceforth, AKS) study a mechanism design problem where arbitrary restrictions are placed on the set of first-order beliefs of agents. Calling these restrictions Δ, they adopt Δ-rationalizability (Battigalli and Siniscalchi, 2003) and show that Δ-incentive compatibility and Δ-measurability are necessary and sufficient conditions for robust virtual implementation, which implies that virtual implementation is possible uniformly over all type spaces consistent with Δ-restrictions. By appropriately defining Δ in order to restrict attention to complete information environments and thereafter explicitly modelling the assumption of complete information in the language of type spaces, I re-establish the permissive implementation …

Some Regional Economic Perspectives On Covid-19 Impacts, Paul A. Coomes

Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Working Papers

It has been about eight months since the Covid-19 pandemic began sweeping across America, causing the well-known health care emergency, and major economic and fiscal distortions. Presumably, we are in the last stages of the damage, as activity has picked up in most realms of daily life. However, recovery problems linger in many areas, including air travel, cruises, hotels, conventions, concerts, and schools. While not over, enough information has emerged to start documenting the regional economic impacts around Kentucky. This note examines the latest public data to study the apparent economic and fiscal damage related to Covid responses, public and …

Did Covid-19 Change Life Insurance Offerings?, Timothy F. Harris, Aaron Yelowitz, Charles J. Courtemanche

Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise Working Papers

The profitability of life insurance offerings is contingent on accurate projections and pricing of mortality risk. The COVID-19 pandemic created significant uncertainty, with dire mortality predictions from early forecasts resulting in widespread government intervention and greater individual precaution that reduced the projected death toll. We analyze how life insurance companies changed pricing and offerings in response to COVID-19 using monthly data on term life insurance policies from Compulife. We estimate event-study models that exploit well-established variation in the COVID-19 mortality rate based on age and underlying health status. Despite the increase in mortality risk and significant uncertainty, we find limited …

Data For "An Experimental Investigation Of Health Insurance Policy And Behavior", J. Dustin Tracy, Hillard Kaplan, Kevin James, Stephen Rassenti

ESI Data Sets

We introduce a new experimental approach to measuring the effects of health insurance policy alternatives on behavior and health outcomes over the life course. Cash-motivated subjects are placed in a virtual environment where they earn income and allocate it across multi-period lives. We compare behavior across age, income and insurance plans---one priced according to an individual's expected cost and the other uniformly priced through employer-implemented cost sharing. We find that 1) subjects in the employer-implemented plan purchased insurance at higher rates; 2) the employer-based plan reduced differences due to income and age; 3) subjects in the actuarial plan engaged in …

Macroeconomic Stabilization In The Digital Age, John Beirne, David Fernandez

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Macroeconomic Stabilization in the Digital Age provides insights into factors affecting the macroeconomic management of the economy in the digital age. Policy makers need to be aware of the increasing prominence of the digital economy and digital finance and seek to better understand how continued digitalization will affect policies aimed at managing the economy. For emerging market economies (EMEs), macroeconomic policy challenges have been exacerbated by the digital finance revolution in the aftermath of the global financial crisis and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, when many EMEs experienced large and volatile capital flows. Policy makers must also navigate through fluctuating …

Improved Information In Search Markets, Jidong Zhou

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

How will an improved information environment affects competition and market performance when consumers face search frictions? This paper provides a unified way to model information improvement that makes the search pool more ``selective" (e.g., due to personalized recommendations), or more ``informative" (e.g., due to the availability of more detailed product information). Information improvement tends to induce consumers to search less, intensify price competition and benefit consumers, if the search friction is small, or if information improvement truncates the match utility distribution from below. More generally, however, it is also possible for information improvement to raise the market price and harm …

Open Banking: Credit Market Competition When Borrowers Own The Data, Zhiguo He, Jing Huang, Jidong Zhou

Cowles Foundation Discussion Papers

Open banking facilitates data sharing consented to by customers who generate the data, with the regulatory goal of promoting competition between traditional banks and challenger fintech entrants. We study lending market competition when sharing banks’ customer transaction data enables better borrower screening. Open banking can make the entire financial industry better off yet leave all borrowers worse off, even if borrowers have the control of whether to share their banking data. We highlight the importance of the equilibrium credit quality inference from borrowers’ endogenous sign-up decisions. We also study extensions with fintech affinities and data sharing on borrower preferences.

The Influence Of Economic Factors And Policies On Deforestation In Tanzania, Thadei D. Sagamiko, Nyimvua Shaban Mbare

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

In this paper we analysed the influence of economic factors and policy on the rate of deforestation in Tanzania. A multiple linear regression model was formulated and the effects of each factor on deforestation were tested. The ordinary least squares method was used to estimate the model parameters. Correlation analysis revealed that per capita income, per capita purchasing power, and electricity consumption have positive relationship with deforestation rate; while inflation rate and poverty rate have a negative relationship with deforestation rate. All factors were found to be significant and were used for regression analysis. By considering the p-value at 5% …

The Effects Of Time In Prison And Time On Parole On Recidivism, Mariyana Zapryanova

Economics: Faculty Publications

In the United States, every year roughly 600,000 people are released from prison, two-thirds of them without having served their full sentence behind bars. Yet little is known about how release before full completion of sentence affects recidivism. I exploit the distinction between sentence and time served in prison to better understand how custodial and noncustodial sanctions affect recidivism. In particular, I study the effects of time in prison and time on parole on recidivism. Relying on two instrumental variables that provide independent variation in sentence and time served in prison, I do not find evidence that parole time affects …

Financial Socialization: A Decade In Review, Ashley B. Lebaron, Heather H. Kelly

Faculty Publications

The financial socialization individuals receive is associated not only with their future financial wellbeing but also relational, mental, and physical wellbeing. This paper is a review of the literature on financial socialization, especially papers published between 2010 and 2019 in the Journal of Family and Economic Issues. We first review family financial socialization theory and then review empirical documentation for the theory, organized by (a) family socialization processes (e.g., parent financial modeling, parent-child financial discussion, and experiential learning as three primary methods of financial socialization) and (b) financial socialization outcomes (e.g., financial attitudes, financial knowledge, financial behaviors, and financial wellbeing). …

Can Retail Investors Learn From Insiders?, Ekkehart Boehmer, Bo Sang, Zhe Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines the trading patterns of retail investors following insider trading and the corresponding price impact. Retail investors follow the opportunistic purchases by insiders, but not their routine purchases. Neither investor attention nor common information such as earnings announcements or analysts forecast re- visions explains the results. They keep following insider purchases in subsequent four quarters. Moreover, for stocks with opportunistic insider purchases, those that retail investors bought yield higher cumulative abnormal returns than those that retail investors sold. The effect is mostly driven by the information compo- nent of the retail trades, rather than liquidity provision or temporary …

Gentrification And Racial Transformation In One Neighborhood In The City Of Cincinnati During The Great Recession, Evelyn D. Ravuri

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

This article examines the process of gentrification and racial transition in one neighborhood in Cincinnati between 2000 and 2016. Madisonville (Tract 55) was defined as a racially integrated middle-class neighborhood in the 1970s. In the early 2000s, substantial private and public investments in the neighborhood initiated the process of gentrification and an in-migration of wealthier (mostly white) residents. This revitalization of Madisonville coincided with the Great Recession of 2008 and with a massive exodus of the middle-class African American population. Median housing values and median rent in Madisonville increased significantly between 2010 and 2016, indicating that cost of living had …

Colonizationism Versus Abolitionism In The Antebellum North: The Anti-Slavery Society Of Hanover College And Indiana Theological Seminary (1836) Versus The Hanover College Officers, Board Of Trustees, And Faculty, J Michael Raley

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

In March 1836, nine Hanover College and Indiana Theological Seminary students, almost certainly including Benjamin Franklin Templeton, a former slave enrolled in the seminary, formed an antislavery society. The society’s Preamble and Constitution set forth abolitionist ideals demanding an immediate emancipation of Southern slaves with rights of citizenship and “without expatriation.” Thus they encountered the ire of Hanover’s Presbyterian trustees—colonizationists who believed instead that free blacks and educated slaves, gradually and voluntarily emancipated by their owners, should leave the United States and relocate to Liberia, where they would experience greater opportunity, equality, and justice than was possible here in the …

Paso Del Norte Economic Indicator Review, November, Hunt Institute For Global Competitiveness

Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Veterans As Emerging Entrepreneurs – November 2020, Marilyn Young

Hibbs Newsletter

On this Veterans Day, while we thank those who have served our country, I am happy to present the results of the 2020 Veteran Entrepreneurship Survey. Veterans and veteran-owned businesses are important factors in the economic development in our 23-county East Texas region. This region has a veteran population of 96,232,1 which is 11.1% of this region’s population (age 18 and over). The number of veteran owned businesses in this region is 9,060, which represents 10.5% of the region's total firms (86,673).

Health Have, Health Have Nots In A Time Of Covid-19, Sandro Galea

Center for Policy Research

In this brief, my goal is to talk about something which has animated a lot of my thinking and writing in the past decade. It is how our health is fundamentally socially patterned and reflects the world around us. This has been true for decades in this country, and one could also argue, globally, however this brief will focus on this topic at the national level. As you will see, I will talk mostly of health haves and health have nots in general, but as we progress, show how COVID-19 has made this evermore apparent.

Investor Behavior In The Midst Of A Global Pandemic, Abigail N. Bates

Honors Projects

Investors partaking in portfolio and asset management through the stock market and other avenues do so with certain reasoning and methods in hand. Each investor may have different interests and risk tolerances that guide their choices for investment. Behavioral finance allows for an in-depth look at an investor’s actions and the influencing psychology behind it. Before this approach was popularized, early studies of finance assumed that investors were always rational in their decision making and put resources only into opportunities that would increase their utility or happiness. The behavioral finance approach takes a more comprehensive look at these behaviors and …

Borderplex Business Barometer, Volume 4, Number 11, Thomas M. Fullerton Jr., Steven L. Fullerton, Ana Gutierrez Zubiate, Ignacio Santana

Border Region Modeling Project

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Vietnam-Era Military Service On The Long-Term Health Of Veterans: A Bounds Analysis, Xintong Wang, Carloa A. Flores, Alfonso Flores-Lagunes

Center for Policy Research

We analyze the short- and long-term effects of the U.S. Vietnam-era military service on veterans’ health outcomes using a restricted version of the National Health Interview Survey 1974-2013 and employing the draft lotteries as an instrumental variable (IV). We start by assessing whether the draft lotteries, which have been used as an IV in prior literature, satisfy the exclusion restriction by placing bounds on its net or direct effect on the health outcomes of draft avoiders. Since we do not find evidence against the validity of the IV, we assume its validity in conducting inference on the health effects of …

The Dorian Gray Phenomenon In Financial Markets, Ajay Makhija

Asian Management Insights

Looking at the current state of the global economy and the extent of financial market hedonism through the lens of Oscar Wilde’s “The Picture of Dorian Gray”.

Statement From The Indiana Academy Of The Social Sciences And Board Of Directors, Mssj Staff

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.

Table Of Contents, Mssj Staff

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.

100 Years After Suffrage: Just How Far Have Women Come?, Laura Merrifield Wilson

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Women earned the right to vote 100 years ago with the ratification of the 19th Amendment, effectively ending the suffrage movement that had transpired over generations. Their hard-won victory doubled the American electorate and provided women with an essential right of citizenship of which they had long been deprived. Not all women were welcomed at the polling place, though, and the exclusion of women of color, particularly in the Jim Crow South, revealed yet another barrier to eventually be struck down. In the 100 years since women earned their right to vote, they have begun “outvoting” their male counterparts and …

Senior Editor's Note, Kenneth D. Colburn Jr.

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

No abstract provided.