Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Socioeconomic Class And Race In Higher Education Paths And Outcomes: The Case Of Ohio, James Harlow

Student Papers in Local and Global Regional Economies

The paper reviews literature that examines how race, class and incomes influence students entering college, focusing on the entire U.S. and on Ohio. The paper investigates he following. 1) Does racial demography and household income predict the type of public college or university Ohio seniors choose to attend? 2) Is there a relationship between household income and public college (both two and four-year schools) enrollment immediately after high school? The paper discusses how the provided analysis fit within the broader literature, and help in understanding the problem and in formulating solutions. The goal of this research is to examine some …

Dependent Coverage Mandates And Moral Hazard, Fred Bedsworth

Applied Econometrics Workshops

Empirical studies have found it difficult to separately identify adverse selection from moral hazard since the individual effects tend to affect observable behavior in the same way. Using the state level dependent coverage mandates that were passed before the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate took effect, I am able to control for selection into insurance and more credibly identify moral hazard. More specifically, I use the variation in eligibility criteria and the timing of implementations of the mandates across states over time in order to discern among the individual effects of hidden information. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor …

Theorizing The Social Determinants Of Breast Cancer In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Family Health Nursing Perspective, Rosemary W. Eustace, Tumaini Nyamhanga, Eunice Lee

Seminars in Local and Global Regional Economies

The aim of this presentation is to discuss the theorizing process of a Family Health Strength-Based Socio-Ecological Model of Breast Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa and the model’s meaning to family nursing practice. The major purpose of theorizing this model is to explore the social determinants of breast cancer within and external to the family system. The model is developed based on key realities inductively generated from integrated and empirical evidence on breast cancer in the region. Understanding the social contexts of health from this multilevel holistic systems approach offers nurses opportunities to prioritize research and interventions in disease prevention and …

Is The Internet Bringing Down Language-Based Barriers To International Trade?, Erick Kitenge

Seminars in Local and Global Regional Economies

Dr. Kitenge will discuss his collaborative research with Dr. Sajal Lahiri from Southern Illinois University Carbondale, reporting results from their analysis of bilateral aggregate export data from 205 countries over the period 1990-2014.

Moral Hazard And Adverse Selection In The Insurance Market, Kevin Willardsen

Applied Econometrics Workshops

Willardsen presented on his upcoming article with the same title. The abstract from this paper is as follows:

Understanding the relative significance of adverse selection and moral hazard is important in determining effective policy for insurance markets. Separate identification of these two effects, empirically, is difficult. To overcome this limitation, this paper uses experimental methods to examine how adverse selection and moral hazard separately affect agent performance in a real-effort task. In particular, we explore how agent behavior (effort in the task) changes across a baseline with no insurance option, a treatment where individuals can choose to purchase insurance, and …

Vaule-Added Erosion In Global Value Chains: Rethining International Trade, Xiao Jiang

Seminars in Local and Global Regional Economies

The prevalence of "vertical specialization" and global value chains (GVCs) demands that we think differently about international trade and its relationship to employment. This talk discusses employment effects of GVCs trade. Dr. Jiang argues that the expansion of foreign high value-adding activities in the upper stream of GVCs is likely to lead to a decline of domestic value-added share, leading to intensification of international and domestic distributional conflicts.

Dr. Xiao Jiang’s research combines mathematical modeling, simulations and statistics with classical political economy. He has provided economic consulting for the International Labor Organization, the Association for East and Southeast Asian Countries, …

How Culture Affects Doing Business In The Global Economy, Mingming Pan, Ndem Tazifor, Benjamin Widner, Chrstina Medina, Carl Enomoto

Economics Faculty Publications

While several studies have examined the effects of culture on economic growth,
economic development, foreign direct investment, and the formation of joint ventures, few if any have analyzed the effects of culture on specific aspects of doing business such as starting a business, dealing with construction permits, registering property, obtaining credit, enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency. Using different cultural variables, this study found that the emphasize individuals placed on religion, leisure time, family, the environment, nationality, prostitution, gender roles, power distance, individualism, and uncertainty avoidance, had significant effects on different business activities. Due to the complex nature of culture, however, …

Social Disadvantage And Child Health Among China's Rural-Urban Migrant Households, Yana Vander Meulen Rogers

Seminars in Local and Global Regional Economies

This talk examines how social disadvantage among rural-urban migrant households in China is associated with the nutritional status of children. The measures of social disadvantage are based on China’s hukou system of household registration – designed to limit domestic migration flows by denying public services in cities to migrants with rural registrations – and on gender bias that may harm women and girls.

An Update On The Economy, Gary A. Wagner

Economics Invited Speakers

Gary A. Wagner, vice president and senior regional officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, gave a presentation on the economy. As part of the nation’s central bank, the Cleveland Fed participates in the formulation of U.S. monetary policy, supervises banking organizations and provides payment and other services to financial institutions. With branches in Cincinnati and Pittsburgh, the Cleveland Fed serves Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky and the northern panhandle of West Virginia.

This presentation was sponsored by the Wright State Economics Club.

The Economics Of Thought, S. Marie Johnson

Best Integrated Writing

Johnson takes an economic perspective on the First Amendment. Johnson argues that freedom of speech encourages the competition and flow of ideas which, in turn, allows for an increase of knowledge about competing ideologies.

The Golden Straightjacket Is Out Of Style, Lacey Germana

Best Integrated Writing

Germana’s review of Thomas Friedman’s The Lexus and the Olive Tree provides careful summary and critique of Friedman’s argument and passionately calls for a balance between increased standards of living and careful stewardship of the earth.

The Distribution Of Globalized Power, Rachel Canter

Best Integrated Writing

Canter reviews Thomas Friedman’s The Lexus and the Olive Tree and observes the dissonance between our notions of globalization and global society; she offers an alternate worldview that pays respect to regional cultures and values.

Differential Recessionary Impacts On U.S. Research Relative To Comprehensive University Efficiencies And Productivities: 2004-2014 Panel Data Estimates, G. Thomas Sav

Economics Faculty Publications

Using data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index decompositions this paper focuses on the impacts of the Great Recession on the efficiency and productivity changes of U.S. publicly funded prestigious research universities in comparison to their lower level comprehensive university counterparts. Do elite research relative to comprehensive universities have more political clout and resources to better ward off the financial impacts and production demands of the? Results, based on ten academic years from 2004-05 through 2013-14, are somewhat mixed, but indicate that research universities have a technological edge that acts as the primary advantage driver to total productivity gains over their …

Are American Universities Mismanaged?: Tenure Vs Non-Tenure Faculty Employment Decisions, G. Thomas Sav

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper empirically tests the extent to which public universities in the United States are potentially mismanaged. The focus rests with university managerial employment decisions regarding the continuing substitution of less costly non-tenure track teaching faculty for tenured and tenure track faculty and the extent to which those decisions affect student graduation success. Panel data covering ten academic years, 2004-05 through 2013-14 are employed using ordinary least squares and stochastic frontier analysis specifications. The latter provides tests of the inefficiency effects of managerial employment decisions and academic year estimates of technical efficiency. In both cases, the results provide statistically strong …

Recession And Post-Recession Efficiency And Productivity Changes In United States Public Universities: The Good, Bad, And Ugly, G. Thomas Sav

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper employs data envelopment analysis to investigate the extent to which publicly owned, operated, and managed universities in the United States have undergone efficiency and productivity changes in response to the financial crisis that induced the Great Recession and how post-recessionary conditions have altered those changes. The paper revisits an earlier study of like kind that used panel data covering the 2005-2008 academic years but could not, obviously, capture the dynamic changes of the 2007-2009 recession or the lingering post-recessionary financial and enrollment effects imposed on public universities. The present paper offers many improvements over that previous study by …

Exploring The Racial Divide In Education And The Labor Market Through Evidence From Interracial Families, Peter Arcidiacono, Andrew Beauchamp, Marie Hull, Seth Sanders

Economics Faculty Publications

We examine gaps between minorities and whites in education and labor market outcomes, controlling for many covariates including maternal race. Identification comes from different reported races within the family. Estimates show two distinct patterns. First, there are no significant differences in outcomes between black and white males with white mothers. Second, large differences persist between these groups and black males with black mothers. The patterns are insensitive to alternative measures of own race and school fixed effects. Our results suggest that discrimination is not occurring on the basis of child skin color but through mother-child channels such as dialect or …

The 24th Annual Research Conference Abstract Booklet, University Of Gondar, Ethiopia

University of Gondar Research Conferences

The 25th Annual Staff-Student Research Conference of the University of Gondar will be held on June 19 and 20, 2015 at the Science Amba Auditorium. This year's conference is special in that the year marks the Silver Jubilee of the Annual Staff and Student Research Conference. Drawing on the experiences we have accumulated for the past 25 years, we vow to strive to realize the development and transformation of the country through research and community services.

Staff, postgraduate and senior undergraduate students of the University, invited guests, and speakers will participate in the conference. The annual conference of the University …

Gender Dimensions Of The U.S. Consumer Borrowing Expansion, Barbara E. Hopkins, Zdravka Todorova

Economics Faculty Publications

The article calls attention to gender as a dimension of the expansion of U. S. consumer borrowing. The first section emphasizes that gender is not a dummy variable, but an evolution of habits of thought. The second section discusses how changing gender relations are connected to gendered product differentiation and market expansion. The final section connects gendered market expansion and changing gender habits of thought to the expansion of consumer borrowing. We argue that, in addition to the acknowledged role of credit, gender relations also mask the structural financial fragility of households.

The 24th Annual Research Conference Abstract Booklet, Nikki Lynn Rogers

University of Gondar Research Conferences

Staff members, postgraduate and senior undergraduate students of the University, invited guests and speakers participated in the conference. The annual conference of the University is meant to share experiences in research activities among juniors and seniors, staff and students, and invited guests. It is also meant to motivate students and young faculty to engage in research and also to initiate and strengthen interdisciplinary collaborations. The findings of the studies and the resulting recommendations are expected to be used in solving the diverse societal problems we have been facing.

Research activities at the University of Gondar are primarily aimed at solving …

The Minimum Wage And Crime, Andrew Beauchamp, Stacy Chan

Economics Faculty Publications

Does crime respond to changes in the minimum wage? A growing body of empirical evidence indicates that increases in the minimum wage have a displacement effect on low-skilled workers. Economic reasoning provides the possibility that disemployment may cause youth to substitute from legal work to crime. However, there is also the countervailing effect of a higher wage raising the opportunity cost of crime for those who remain employed. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 cohort to measure the effect of increases in the minimum wage on self-reported criminal activity and examine employment–crime substitution. Exploiting changes in state …

The Challenge Of Occupational Safety And Health In Greece, Foster Rinefort, David Boggs, Joseph Petrick, Berkwood M. Farmer

Economics Faculty Publications

This study examines the managerial challenges and economic contexts of occupational safety and health in Greece as a dimension of national labor standards and working conditions. Empirical data is provided to document areas of Greek occupational safety and health concern. Recommended Greek occupational safety and health best practices are provided to address workplace safety issues and promote sustained economic productivity.

The 23rd Annual Research Conference Abstract Booklet, Mulu Aderie Alemu, Nikki Lynn Rogers

University of Gondar Research Conferences

Staff members, postgraduate and senior undergraduate students of the University, invited guests and speakers participated in the conference. The annual conference of the University is meant to share experiences in research activities among juniors and seniors, staff and students, and invited guests. It is also meant to motivate students and young faculty to engage in research and also to initiate and strengthen interdisciplinary collaborations. The findings of the studies and the resulting recommendations are expected to be used in solving the diverse societal problems we have been facing.

Research activities at the University of Gondar are primarily aimed at solving …

Heterodox Economics: The Alternative To Neoliberal Market-Fundametalist Economics, Tae-Hee Jo

Neoliberalism Seminar

Mainstream-neoclassical economics is the theoretical foundation of neoliberal economic policy that promotes competition and commodification through markets. Increasing fragility of an economy, increasing income inequality, the scaled-back welfare system, and recurring financial crisis are prominent consequences of neoliberal restructuring of industries and the economy as a whole. Is the “law of supply and demand” the universal principle that governs all the economic activities under capitalism? Is there an alternative way of explaining and organizing the provisioning process of a capitalist economy? How can economics deal with such socio-economic problems beyond market-fundamentalist economic narratives? In my presentation, I will highlight heterodox …

Environmental Conflicts In The Neoliberal Era, Charalampos Kostantinidis

Neoliberalism Seminar

Neoliberalism is characterized as a 35-year long period of attack of capital against labor in an attempt to restore falling profit rates. This has come at the expense of increased inequality and uncertainty, leading to a crisis of legitimacy for the neoliberal model of capitalism. Environmental issues offer both an opportunity for accumulation and profits, by extending the reach of the market into areas that were not previously incorporated into the circuits of capital, as well as a chance to restore some of the waning legitimacy of the neoliberal model, to the extent that environmental problems occupy a central position …

Connecting Social Provisioning And Functional Finance In A Post-Keynesian – Institutional Analysis Of The Public Sector, Zdravka Todorova

Economics Faculty Publications

This paper establishes connections between the frameworks of social provisioning and functional finance, and discusses a post-Keynesian–Institutionalist theory of the public sector that emerges out of these linkages. The concept of social provisioning has emerged out of Institutional economics, and has been further developed by institutional and other heterodox economists. Its potential as a methodological foundation that connects various heterodox approaches has received some growing attention. Such discussions have not referred in an analytical manner to functional finance. On the other hand, the principles of functional finance have been elaborated and developed outside an explicit grounding in a social provisioning …

The Influences Of Climatic And Socioeconomic Variables On Cholera Incidence In India During The Seventh Pandemic, 1961-2008, Kathleen M. Henschel

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Cholera outbreaks result in significant morbidity worldwide. Transmission of the disease may be influenced by weather fluctuations, such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and excessive rainfall, and socioeconomic status (SES), including income and education. El Niño events may influence many aspects of the climate, including the amount of rainfall occurring in a given year and surface water temperature. This study aimed to assess the influences of extreme weather and SES factors on cholera incidence in India during the seventh cholera pandemic (1961-2008).

Methods: Data for all variables were obtained for 1961-2008. Indian population estimates and cholera incidence (IR) were …

Four-Stage Dea Efficiency Evaluations: Financial Reforms In Public University Funding, G. Thomas Sav

Economics Faculty Publications

Financial reforms in U.S. public higher education are well underway and are progressively replacing university enrollment based funding formulas with performance based models driven, in part, by graduation rates. Doing so, however, fails to account for the internal resource constraints and managerial efficiencies associated with production. Moreover, graduation rates are affected by external factors beyond the control of university decision-makers. This paper addresses these issues and uses a four-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate university graduation rate performance. The four-stage DEA efficiencies correct for both environmental and statistical noise effects on university operations. Efficiency estimates control for the …

Private Philanthropy In Financing Public Universities: Fundraising Stochastic Frontier And Efficiency Evaluations, G. Thomas Sav

Economics Faculty Publications

This study provides stochastic frontier analyses of private philanthropy in financing public universities in the United States. Panel data estimates of private giving –fundraising production frontiers and inefficiency effects are provided for an aggregate of 353 universities and separately for research intensive, doctoral granting, and master level institutions over the 2006-09 academic years. Inefficiency effects are modeled as set of university specific covariates, including medical schools, hospitals, executive employment and a time trend to capture potential effects of the global financial crisis on university fundraising efficiency. Efficiency scores are estimated across university levels and indicate that mean efficiencies range from …

Social Reproduction In The Time Of Neoliberalization: The Role Of The Employment Guarantee In India, Sirisha C. Naidu

Economics Faculty Publications

Privatization and informalization of production, land fragmentation and the agrarian crisis in India has forced a significant fraction of rural households to underconsume and widened the income gap at a time of relatively high economic growth. Despite the significant role of the state in precipitating and intensifying this crisis, and in vindicating Polanyi’s notion of a double movement, the state has also invested in social schemes such as the National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS). Seven years after this scheme was first implemented, there is growing evidence of a seemingly contradictory picture of the NREGS. This paper reviews current literature …

Raider Country Creative Industries Economic Impact Analysis, Wright State University, Center For Urban And Public Affairs

Economic Development

This study estimates direct, indirect, and induced output (sales), employment, and labor income impact of the creative industries employment on the Raider Country sixteen-­‐county regional economy — Allen, Auglaize, Butler, Champaign, Clark, Clinton, Darke, Greene, Logan, Mercer, Miami, Montgomery, Preble, Shelby, Van Wert, and Warren Counties in Ohio. This study also estimates state and local tax revenues generated as a result of these impacts.