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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- LABOR MARKET ISSUES (28)
- ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (18)
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- Business and tax incentives (9)
- UNEMPLOYMENT, DISABILITY, and INCOME SUPPORT PROGRAMS (8)
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Articles 1 - 30 of 51
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Supply Shock Versus Demand Shock: The Local Effects Of New Housing In Low-Income Areas, Brian J. Asquith, Evan Mast, Davin Reed
Supply Shock Versus Demand Shock: The Local Effects Of New Housing In Low-Income Areas, Brian J. Asquith, Evan Mast, Davin Reed
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We study the local effects of new market-rate housing in low-income areas using microdata on large apartment buildings, rents, and migration. New buildings decrease nearby rents by 5 to 7 percent relative to locations slightly farther away or developed later, and they increase in-migration from low-income areas. Results are driven by a large supply effect—we show that new buildings absorb many high-income households—that overwhelms any offsetting endogenous amenity effect. The latter may be small because most new buildings go into already-changing areas. Contrary to common concerns, new buildings slow local rent increases rather than initiate or accelerate them.
Rethinking State Economic Development Strategies: Or, How To Maximize Benefits For State Residents’ Earnings Per Capita, Timothy J. Bartik
Rethinking State Economic Development Strategies: Or, How To Maximize Benefits For State Residents’ Earnings Per Capita, Timothy J. Bartik
Presentations
No abstract provided.
Pathways To Careers In Health Care, Christopher T. King Editor, Philip Young P. Hong Editor
Pathways To Careers In Health Care, Christopher T. King Editor, Philip Young P. Hong Editor
Upjohn Press
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act passed by Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in 2010 effected major changes in the financing and delivery of health care in the United States. It also authorized creation of the Health Profession Opportunity Grants program (HPOG), a demonstration effort within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to provide opportunities for education and training that lead to jobs and career advancement in health care for recipients of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and other low-income individuals and to respond to the increasing demand for health care professionals. …
Should Place-Based Jobs Policies Be Used To Help Distressed Communities? Yes, But Current Policies Need Reforms, Timothy J. Bartik
Should Place-Based Jobs Policies Be Used To Help Distressed Communities? Yes, But Current Policies Need Reforms, Timothy J. Bartik
Presentations
No abstract provided.
A Study Of Claim Resolution Structured Settlement Agreements: Final Report, Marcus O. Dillender, Kevin M. Hollenbeck, H. Allan Hunt
A Study Of Claim Resolution Structured Settlement Agreements: Final Report, Marcus O. Dillender, Kevin M. Hollenbeck, H. Allan Hunt
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the quality and effectiveness (measured from the perspectives of workers, businesses, and the State of Washington) of structured settlement agreements (SSAs) of workers compensation claims, and to report findings to the state legislature. SSAs were introduced into the state's workers compensation system by legislative action in 2011. The evaluation will include both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Staff members will conduct statistical analysis of claims data and online survey data to garner the perspective of workers. Administrative data will be scrutinized to determine the impact of SSAs on State fund and self-insured employers. …
The Importance Of Informal Work In Supplementing Household Income, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
The Importance Of Informal Work In Supplementing Household Income, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Adverse Life Events And Intergenerational Transfers, Jessamyn Schaller, Chase Eck
Adverse Life Events And Intergenerational Transfers, Jessamyn Schaller, Chase Eck
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
While there has been broad interest in the direct effects of major life events on older households that experience them, little attention has been paid to the intergenerational transmission of those effects— how negative shocks in parents’ households affect the outcomes of their adult children—or to the role that grown children play in helping their parents recover from adverse events. We use regression and event study approaches to examine within-family changes in monetary transfers and informal care following wealth loss, involuntary job displacement, spousal death, and health shocks in retirement-aged households. We find that giving to adult children is responsive …
Climate Change And Occupational Health: Can We Adapt?, Marcus O. Dillender
Climate Change And Occupational Health: Can We Adapt?, Marcus O. Dillender
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
The Importance Of Informal Work In Supplementing Household Income, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
The Importance Of Informal Work In Supplementing Household Income, Katharine G. Abraham, Susan N. Houseman
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Four Decades Of Declining Federal Leadership In The Federal-State Unemployment Insurance Program, Stephen A. Wandner
Four Decades Of Declining Federal Leadership In The Federal-State Unemployment Insurance Program, Stephen A. Wandner
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The unemployment insurance (UI) program was established in 1935. Unlike other social insurance programs created by the Social Security Act, it was established as a federal-state program. The federal government initially acted as a strong partner working with state agencies that operate the UI program. Over the past four decades, however, the federal role in the UI program has declined because of reductions in federal resources dedicated to the program and weakening policy leadership and programmatic support. As a result, states operate increasingly divergent UI programs, with many programs providing limited access to the program for experienced unemployed workers who …
Making Sense Of Incentives: Taming Business Incentives To Promote Prosperity, Timothy J. Bartik
Making Sense Of Incentives: Taming Business Incentives To Promote Prosperity, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Press
In evaluating incentives, everything depends on the details: how much in incentives it takes to truly cause a firm to locate or expand, the multiplier effects, the effects of jobs on employment rates, how jobs affect tax revenue versus public spending needs. Do benefits of incentives exceed costs? This depends on the details. This book is about those details. What magnitudes of incentive effects are plausible? How do benefits and costs vary with incentive designs? What advice can be given to evaluators? What is an ideal incentive policy? Answering these questions about incentives depends on a model of incentive effects, …
Is A Driverless Future Also Jobless?, Erica L. Groshen, John Paul Macduffie, Susan Helper, Charles Carson
Is A Driverless Future Also Jobless?, Erica L. Groshen, John Paul Macduffie, Susan Helper, Charles Carson
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Immigrants And The U.S. Wage Distribution, Vasil I. Yasenov
Immigrants And The U.S. Wage Distribution, Vasil I. Yasenov
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
A large body of literature estimates the relative wage impacts of immigration on low- and high-skill natives, but it is unclear how these effects map onto changes of the wage distribution. I document the movement of foreign-born workers in the U.S. wage distribution, showing that, since 1980, they have become increasingly overrepresented in the bottom. Downgrading of education and experience obtained abroad partially drives this pattern. I then undertake two empirical approaches to deepen our understanding of the way foreign-born workers shape the wage structure. First, I estimate a standard theoretical model featuring constant elasticity of substitution technology and skill …
Evaluation Of Per Scholas As An Employee Recruiting Tool For Businesses, Lee Adams, Jing Cai, Janelle Grant, Brad J. Hershbein, Bridget F. Timmeney
Evaluation Of Per Scholas As An Employee Recruiting Tool For Businesses, Lee Adams, Jing Cai, Janelle Grant, Brad J. Hershbein, Bridget F. Timmeney
Reports
No abstract provided.
Does The Healthcare Educational Market Respond To Short-Run Local Demand?, Marcus O. Dillender, Andrew Friedson, Cong Gian, Kosali Simon
Does The Healthcare Educational Market Respond To Short-Run Local Demand?, Marcus O. Dillender, Andrew Friedson, Cong Gian, Kosali Simon
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
What Should States Do About Incentives?, Timothy J. Bartik
What Should States Do About Incentives?, Timothy J. Bartik
Presentations
No abstract provided.
Rent Control - Is The Cure Worse Than The Disease?, Brian J. Asquith
Rent Control - Is The Cure Worse Than The Disease?, Brian J. Asquith
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
Strengths Of The Social Safety Net In The Great Recession: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance And Unemployment Insurance, Christopher J. O'Leary Editor, David Stevens Editor, Stephen A. Wandner Editor, Michael Wiseman Editor
Strengths Of The Social Safety Net In The Great Recession: Supplemental Nutrition Assistance And Unemployment Insurance, Christopher J. O'Leary Editor, David Stevens Editor, Stephen A. Wandner Editor, Michael Wiseman Editor
Upjohn Press
The contributors in this book use administrative data from six states from before, during, and after the Great Recession to gauge the degree to which Supplemental Nutrition Assistance (SNAP) and Unemployment Insurance (UI) interacted. They also recommend ways that the program policies could be altered to better serve those suffering hardship as a result of future economic downturns.
Individual Training Accounts And Nonstandard Work Arrangements, Randall W. Eberts
Individual Training Accounts And Nonstandard Work Arrangements, Randall W. Eberts
Upjohn Institute Technical Reports
This paper was commissioned by the Organisation for Economic and Co-operative Development (OECD) to describe the use of Individual Training Accounts (ITAs) under the Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act and under its predecessor the Workforce Investment Act (WIA). Particular interest is in the use of ITAs by WIOA participants from nonstandard work arrangements. The study provides detailed information about the use of ITAs by participants of the two adult programs under WIOA, Disadvantaged Adult Programs and Dislocated Worker Programs, and in two states, Michigan and Washington. Information for the WIOA programs is gathered and analyzed from the public-use version of …
Bias And Productivity In Humans And Machines, Bo Cowgill
Bias And Productivity In Humans And Machines, Bo Cowgill
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Where should better learning technology (such as machine learning or AI) improve decisions? I develop a model of decision-making in which better learning technology is complementary with experimentation. Noisy, inconsistent decision-making introduces quasi-experimental variation into training datasets, which complements learning. The model makes heterogeneous predictions about when machine learning algorithms can improve human biases. These algorithms can remove human biases exhibited in historical training data, but only if the human training decisions are sufficiently noisy; otherwise, the algorithms will codify or exacerbate existing biases. Algorithms need only a small amount of noise to correct biases that cause large productivity distortions. …
Computerization Of White Collar Jobs, Marcus O. Dillender, Eliza C. Forsythe
Computerization Of White Collar Jobs, Marcus O. Dillender, Eliza C. Forsythe
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
We investigate the impact of computerization of white-collar jobs on wages and employment. Using online job postings from 2007 and 2010-2016 for office and administrative support (OAS) jobs, we show that when firms adopt new software at the job-title level they increase the skills required of job applicants. Furthermore, firms change the task content of such jobs, broadening them to include tasks associated with higher-skill office functions. We aggregate these patterns to the local labor-market level, instrumenting for technology adoption with national measures. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in OAS technology usages reduces employment in OAS occupations …
Do Rent Increases Reduce The Housing Supply Under Rent Control? Evidence From Evictions In San Francisco, Brian J. Asquith
Do Rent Increases Reduce The Housing Supply Under Rent Control? Evidence From Evictions In San Francisco, Brian J. Asquith
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Rent control balances strong tenant protections with supply-side incentives for landlords. However, cities with rent control are also some of the United States' most unaffordable, prompting questions about how well these incentives are working. I examine how controlled landlords change their housing supply in response to price increases using a well-identified hyperlocal demand shock the privately operated commuter shuttle systems in San Francisco. Controlled landlords increased market withdrawal filings and became less likely to create vacancies via evictions in response to a shuttle stop placement. Policies raising barriers to market withdrawals prompted controlled landlords to respond my increasing their at-fault …
Does The Healthcare Educational Market Respond To Short-Run Local Demand?, Marcus O. Dillender, Andrew Friedson, Cong Gian, Kosali Simon
Does The Healthcare Educational Market Respond To Short-Run Local Demand?, Marcus O. Dillender, Andrew Friedson, Cong Gian, Kosali Simon
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) increased demand for healthcare across the U.S., but it is unclear if or how the supply side has responded to meet this demand. In this paper, we take advantage of plausibly exogenous geographical heterogeneity in the ACA in order to examine the response of the healthcare education sector to increased demand for healthcare services. We look across educational fields, types of degrees, and types of institutions; we pay particular attention to settings where our conceptual model predicts heightened responses. We find no statistically significant evidence of increases in graduates and can rule …
Should Place-Based Jobs Policies Be Used To Help Distressed Communities?, Timothy J. Bartik
Should Place-Based Jobs Policies Be Used To Help Distressed Communities?, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Should policymakers seek to increase jobs in particular local labor markets? Yes, but only if these policies are well targeted and designed. Encouraging job growth in distressed places can cause persistent gains in employment-to-population ratios. But our current place-based jobs policies, under which state and local governments provide long-term tax incentives to megacorporations, are poorly targeted and designed. Such incentives are as large in nondistressed areas as in distressed areas, and they are excessively costly. What reforms are needed? First, job growth policies should target distressed areas. Second, tax incentives should be focused on high-multiplier businesses, such as high-tech firms. …
Should We Target Jobs At Distressed Places, And If So, How?, Timothy J. Bartik
Should We Target Jobs At Distressed Places, And If So, How?, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of New Market-Rate Housing Construction On The Low-Income Housing Market, Evan Mast
The Effect Of New Market-Rate Housing Construction On The Low-Income Housing Market, Evan Mast
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of New Market-Rate Housing Construction On The Low-Income Housing Market, Evan Mast
The Effect Of New Market-Rate Housing Construction On The Low-Income Housing Market, Evan Mast
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Medical Innovation And The Employment Of Cancer Patients, R. Vincent Pohl
Medical Innovation And The Employment Of Cancer Patients, R. Vincent Pohl
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of New Market-Rate Housing Construction On The Low-Income Housing Market, Evan Mast
The Effect Of New Market-Rate Housing Construction On The Low-Income Housing Market, Evan Mast
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Increasing supply is frequently proposed as a solution to rising housing costs. However, there is little evidence on how new market-rate construction—which is typically expensive—affects the market for lower quality housing in the short run. I begin by using address history data to identify 52,000 residents of new multifamily buildings in large cities, their previous address, the current residents of those addresses, and so on. This sequence quickly adds lower-income neighborhoods, suggesting that strong migratory connections link the low-income market to new construction. Next, I combine the address histories with a simulation model to estimate that building 100 new market-rate …
Multiple Jobholding: Knowing The Facts To Draw Proper Policy Conclusions, Etienne Lalé
Multiple Jobholding: Knowing The Facts To Draw Proper Policy Conclusions, Etienne Lalé
Upjohn Institute Policy and Research Briefs
No abstract provided.