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Articles 211 - 236 of 236
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Economics Of Parenting, Self-Esteem, And Academic Performance: Theory And A Test, Rajeev Darolia, Bruce Wydick
The Economics Of Parenting, Self-Esteem, And Academic Performance: Theory And A Test, Rajeev Darolia, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This paper develops a theory about how signals sent to a child by an altruistic parent affect a child's self-esteem, effort and long-term performance when a parent has better information about child ability than children do themselves. We carry out OLS, 2SLS, and 3SLS estimations of our model on a sample of 651 college students. Our results show some complementary actions before college, such as parental praise, foster academic achievement above what natural ability would predict. Conversely, we find some substitutionary actions before college, such as providing them cars as gifts, are associated with lower effort in college and underachievement. …
The Economic Value Of A Sustainable Supply Chain, Robert Mefford
The Economic Value Of A Sustainable Supply Chain, Robert Mefford
Finance
The economic rationale to operate a global supply chain in a sustainable manner is developed. Arguments are made based on marketing, finance, and production theories that by engaging in socially responsible behavior the firm will increase sales, decrease costs, reduce financial risk, and increase profits which ultimately will increase returns to the firm’s shareholders. A model is developed of the mechanism by which modern production methods such as lean production and quality management result in sustainable corporate behavior which, in the long run, translates into higher stock valuations. The production effects cause marketing and financial risk effects that are complementary, …
Developing A Convention And Event Management Curriculum In Asia: Using Blue Ocean Strategy And Co-Creation With Industry, David L. Jones
Developing A Convention And Event Management Curriculum In Asia: Using Blue Ocean Strategy And Co-Creation With Industry, David L. Jones
Hospitality Management
In this article the author discusses the development of a convention and event management curriculum in Asia through blue ocean strategy and co-creation with the industry. He emphasizes the necessity to differentiate the product from the competition, which is a concept that applies to an academic degree programs in order to create a niche in the market. The author also discusses the approach being used and the development of the curriculum.
Foreign Produced Content And Japanese Price Disinflation: An Empirical Study, Peggy Takahashi, Daniel Blakley, Joel Oberstone, Yasuhiro Akiyama
Foreign Produced Content And Japanese Price Disinflation: An Empirical Study, Peggy Takahashi, Daniel Blakley, Joel Oberstone, Yasuhiro Akiyama
Economics, Law, and International Business
This research investigates the role non-macroeconomic factors have played in subduing inflationary pressures in Japan. We investigate the hypothesis that the under-recognized presence of goods with high foreign produced content (FPC) in the consumer market basket has coincided with reduced price-level increases over the time period 1991-2004. An empirical examination and descriptive comparison of CPI market basket items and import data categories suggest the negative relationship between FPC and the CPI inflation rate over this time period is significant. Our conclusions suggest the extent to which measures of inflation are considered to be an accurate gauge of macroeconomic conditions or …
Does Social Capital Matter? Evidence From A Five-Country Group Lending Experiment, Alessandra Cassar, Bruce Wydick
Does Social Capital Matter? Evidence From A Five-Country Group Lending Experiment, Alessandra Cassar, Bruce Wydick
Economics
Does social capital matter to economic decision-making? We address this broad question through an artefactual group lending experiment carried out in five countries: India, Kenya, Guatemala, Armenia, and the Philippines, obtaining data from 10,673 contribution decisions on simulated group loans from 1,554 participants in 259 experimental borrowing groups. We carry out treatments for social homogeneity, group monitoring, and group self-selection. Results show that societal trust has a positive and significant impact on group loan contribution rates, that group lending appears to create as well as harness social capital, and that peer monitoring can have perverse as well as beneficial effects.
What Do Credit Bureaus Do? Understanding Screening, Incentive, And Credit Expansion Effects, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
What Do Credit Bureaus Do? Understanding Screening, Incentive, And Credit Expansion Effects, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
Economics
We develop a theoretical model that explains the primary empirical results emanating from a multi-year study of the impact of credit bureaus in Guatemala. Our theory derives “screening” and “incentive” effects of credit information systems that mitigate problems of adverse selection and moral hazard in credit markets. We also derive a “credit expansion” effect in which borrowers with clean credit records receive larger and more favorable equilibrium loan contracts. The credit expansion effect increases default rates, partially counteracting the first two effects. We create a simulation model that allows us to examine the relative magnitudes of these effects in relation …
The Financial Crisis And Global Supply Chains, Robert Mefford
The Financial Crisis And Global Supply Chains, Robert Mefford
Finance
The financial crisis which erupted in 2007 has already had profound effects on the global supply chains of multinational firms and will likely permanently alter some fundamental supply relationships. This essay explores what some of the consequences have been to date and speculates about future effects. Of course, the length, scope, and severity of the financial and economic crisis will determine how significant and permanent these impacts are, and it is impossible at this point in time to forecast this accurately. But in any case there have already been major developments in global supply chains that are likely to persist …
Winning, Running, And Renewing The Outsourcing Contracts, Z Perunovic, M Christoffersen, Robert Mefford
Winning, Running, And Renewing The Outsourcing Contracts, Z Perunovic, M Christoffersen, Robert Mefford
Finance
The paper explores how vendors deploy competences and capabilities across the outsourcing process in order to win, run, and renew outsourcing contracts. The results of a multiple-case study of three contract electronics manufacturers (CEMs) show that different combinations of capabilities are required for a vendor to win, run, and renew outsourcing contracts. Permanent capabilities are constantly present across the process, while temporary capabilities, depending on customer requirements, can be added or removed from the portfolio of capabilities.
The Impact Of Being Born With Cleft And Cleft Reparative Surgery On Overall Health And Speech Outcomes, Khatansuudal Evsanaa
The Impact Of Being Born With Cleft And Cleft Reparative Surgery On Overall Health And Speech Outcomes, Khatansuudal Evsanaa
Master's Theses
Orofacial cleft is one of the most common and treatable birth defects in the world. If left untreated, orofacial cleft can impair normal speech development, growth, and could lead to a number of health consequences later in life. The main motivation of the study is to measure the impact of being born with cleft and the cleft reparative surgery on overall speech and health cleft for teenagers in India using difference-in-differences approach along with household fixed effects method. An overall health outcome was measured using height, weight, grip strength and BMI, and the speech acceptability was measured using a “Universal …
Ranking Economics Journals, Economics Departments, And Economists Using Teaching-Focused Research Productivity, Melody Lo, M.C. Sunny Wong, Franklin G. Mixon Jr.
Ranking Economics Journals, Economics Departments, And Economists Using Teaching-Focused Research Productivity, Melody Lo, M.C. Sunny Wong, Franklin G. Mixon Jr.
Economics
This paper constructs new rankings of economics journals, economics departments, and economists that employ a measure of teaching-focused research productivity, an area of growing importance in recent years. The ranking methodologies presented here use information from articles that were published from 1991 through the early part of 2005 within the "Journal of Economic Literature'"s "economic education" classifications (A200-A290). The "Journal of Economic Literature" tops the list of journals, followed by the "Review of Economics and Statistics and the American Economic Review". Among the top institutions are Vanderbilt University, Indiana University, and the University of Wisconsin. Others that rank high here, …
The Effect Of Social Capital On Group Loan Repayment: Evidence From Field Experiments, Alessandra Cassar, Luke Crowley, Bruce Wydick
The Effect Of Social Capital On Group Loan Repayment: Evidence From Field Experiments, Alessandra Cassar, Luke Crowley, Bruce Wydick
Economics
An important question to microfinance is the relevance of existing social capital in target communities to the performance of group lending. This research presents evidence from field experiments in South Africa and Armenia, in which subjects participate in trust and microfinance games. We present evidence that personal trust between group members and peer homogeneity are more important to group loan repayment than general societal trust or acquaintanceship between members. We also find some evidence of reciprocity: those who have been helped by other group members in the past are more likely to contribute in the future.
Grandma Was Right: Why Cohabitation Undermines Relational Happiness, But Is Increasing Anyway, Bruce Wydick
Grandma Was Right: Why Cohabitation Undermines Relational Happiness, But Is Increasing Anyway, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This paper uses a game theoretic model to explain empirical research which has revealed higher relational satisfaction among married couples than cohabiting couples, as well as among married couples who did not cohabit before marriage. Despite these findings, in recent decades cohabitation rates have dramatically increased in both Europe and the United States. Instrumental variables estimations on data from 28 industrialized countries and 50 U.S. states show cohabitation strongly correlated with increases in women’s labor force participation, where a 10 percent increase in women’s labor force participation results in a 6.4 to 14.6 percent increase in cohabitation.
Credit Information Systems In Less Developed Countries: A Test With Microfinance In Guatemala, Jill Luoto, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
Credit Information Systems In Less Developed Countries: A Test With Microfinance In Guatemala, Jill Luoto, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
Economics
Increases in formal sector lending among the poor have created a need for credit information systems that provide potential lenders both positive and negative data about borrowers. In this paper we provide an overview of the development and use of credit information systems in industrialized and developing countries. The paper subsequently presents a test of the effects of a newly implemented credit information system using fixed effects estimation on panel data from Guatemala. Results indicate that improved screening effects from the system caused the level of portfolio arrears to decline between 2 and 3.5 percentage points six months after it …
Testing Monetary Policy Intentions In Open Economies, Jim Granato, Melody Lo, M.C. Sunny Wong
Testing Monetary Policy Intentions In Open Economies, Jim Granato, Melody Lo, M.C. Sunny Wong
Economics
Temple (2002) argues that the inflation level used in Romer (1993) lacks power in revealing the policy intentions of monetary authorities. Temple also points out that Romer's use of the openness--inflation correlation cannot be explained by time consistency theory. In this article, we demonstrate that more open economies experience less inflation volatility and persistence. We attribute our findings to the hypothesis that monetary authorities in more open economies adopt more aggressive monetary policies. This pattern emerges strongly after 1990. Our results indicate that the near-universal regime shift in 1990 is not just a simple process of increased monetary policy aggressiveness, …
Competition And Microfinance, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
Competition And Microfinance, Craig Mcintosh, Bruce Wydick
Economics
Competition between microfinance institutions (MFIs) in developing countries has increased dramatically in the last decade. We model the behavior of non-profit lenders, and show that their non-standard, client-maximizing objectives cause them to cross-subsidize within their pool of borrowers. Thus when competition eliminates rents on profitable borrowers, it is likely to yield a new equilibrium in which poor borrowers are worse off. As competition exacerbates asymmetric information problems over borrower indebtedness, the most impatient borrowers begin to obtain multiple loans, creating a negative externality that leads to less favorable equilibrium loan contracts for all borrowers.
Resolving Sovereign Debt: Collective Action Clauses Or The Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism, Shalendra Sharma
Resolving Sovereign Debt: Collective Action Clauses Or The Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism, Shalendra Sharma
Politics
When sovereign debt restructuring or debt reduction becomes unavoidable, what is the appropriate regime that can provide for an orderly restructuring, while at the same time protecting the rights of both creditors and the debtor? The recent wave of sovereign default has underscored the limits of the current market-based regime. Recently two alternative approaches propose a "contractual approach" by way of the introduction of collective action clauses (CAC) in bond contracts, and a "statutory approach" put forward by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which calls for the establishment of an international debt restructuring mechanism (called the sovereign debt restructuring mechanism …
Microfinance Among The Maya: Tracking The Progress Of Borrowers, Bruce Wydick
Microfinance Among The Maya: Tracking The Progress Of Borrowers, Bruce Wydick
Economics
Microfinance has become an increasingly widespread tool for fostering economic growth among the poor in developing countries. This study tracks the progress of 239 borrowers in a Guatemalan microfinance institution from 1994 to 1999. Results from the study show that rapid gains in employment within the sample enterprises after initial credit access were followed by a protracted period of stagnation in employment growth. Other results highlight gender differences in response to credit access, showing — surprisingly — that the long–run growth in hired labour for female entrepreneurs was slightly greater than that for male entrepreneurs.
How Efficient Are Africa’S Emerging Stock Markets?, Magnus Arni Magnusson, Bruce Wydick
How Efficient Are Africa’S Emerging Stock Markets?, Magnus Arni Magnusson, Bruce Wydick
Economics
The development of financial institutions has been viewed in recent years as critical to the economic development process. This research uses recent data from the eight largest African stock markets to test whether these markets meet the criterion of weak-form stock market efficiency with returns characterised by a random walk. Results are then compared with similar tests on emerging stock markets in Southeast Asia and Latin America. Conclusions from the research indicate that test results for weak-form efficiency in the emerging African stock markets compare favorably with those performed on other emerging stock markets.
Affirmative Action In College Admissions: Examining Labor Market Effects Of Four Alternative Policies, Bruce Wydick
Affirmative Action In College Admissions: Examining Labor Market Effects Of Four Alternative Policies, Bruce Wydick
Economics
A rancorous debate continues to rage over the use of affirmative action policies in college admissions. This paper uses a simple signaling model to evaluate the labor market impacts of four types of affirmative action admissions policies. Race-based preferential policies and policies guaranteeing admission based on high school academic rank may induce discrimination in labor markets when there exists strong heterogeneity in socio-economic disadvantage within the under-represented minority group. Under such conditions, it may also be difficult to realize ethnic diversity with disadvantage-based preferential policies. The paper argues instead for affirmative action policies emphasizing intensive college preparation for targeted groups.
Microenterprise Lending To Female Entrepreneurs: Sacrificing Economic Growth For Poverty Alleviation?, Michael Kevane, Bruce Wydick
Microenterprise Lending To Female Entrepreneurs: Sacrificing Economic Growth For Poverty Alleviation?, Michael Kevane, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This research compares the performance of female and male entrepreneurs in a microenterprise credit program in Guatemala. Previous research and field practice has suggested that targeting credit at female borrowers allows for more substantial increases in household welfare, but that male entrepreneurs may more aggressively expand enterprises when given access to credit. In this paper, we develop a model that shows that increases in value of home time during childbearing years for women may substantially account for gender differences in responses to credit access. Empirical results from Guatemalan survey data yield estimations consistent with the predictions from our model.
Group Lending Under Dynamic Incentives As A Borrower Discipline Device., Bruce Wydick
Group Lending Under Dynamic Incentives As A Borrower Discipline Device., Bruce Wydick
Economics
In recent years group lending has become an increasingly utilized tool for providing credit access to the poor in developing countries. Using empirical results from first-hand field research on Guatemalan borrowing groups, this paper develops a simple game-theoretic model of group lending. Results from the model show that through peer monitoring, the threat of group expulsion, and the safety net of intra-group credit insurance, group lending mitigates some risky investment behavior that would otherwise occur under an individual borrowing contract. The credible threat of social sanctions against group members who misallocate borrowed capital further reduces instances of such behavior.
Social Norms And The Time Allocation Of Women's Labor In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Bruce Wydick
Social Norms And The Time Allocation Of Women's Labor In Burkina Faso, Michael Kevane, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This paper proposes that major determinants of allocation of women's time are social norms that regulate the economic activities of women. Our emphasis on norms contrasts with approaches that view time allocation as determined by household-level economic variables. Using data from Burkina Faso, we show that social norms significantly explain differences in patterns of time allocation between two ethnic groups: Mossi and Bwa. Econometric results show women from the two groups exhibiting different responses to changes in farm capital. Implications are that policies that foster changes in social norms may have more permanent effects on altering women's behavior.
Constructing The New International Financial Architecture: What Role For The Imf?, Shalendra Sharma
Constructing The New International Financial Architecture: What Role For The Imf?, Shalendra Sharma
Politics
No abstract provided.
The Effect Of Microenterprise Lending On Child Schooling In Guatemala, Bruce Wydick
The Effect Of Microenterprise Lending On Child Schooling In Guatemala, Bruce Wydick
Economics
No abstract provided.
Credit Access, Human Capital And Class Structure Mobility, Bruce Wydick
Credit Access, Human Capital And Class Structure Mobility, Bruce Wydick
Economics
This paper examines the impact of microenterprise credit programs on class structure mobility in developing countries. The paper develops a model that endogenously generates an eight-fold class structure. Class membership is determined by optimal choice of labour activity, which is a function of access to credit and human capital endowments. Predictions from the model suggest that better access to credit will foster upward class mobility among self-employed entrepreneurs, and that this upward class mobility will be accentuated among entrepreneurs with high levels of human capital. Theoretical predictions from the model are compared with data on class structure mobility collected firsthand …
Markets And States In Development: India's Reformers And The East Asian Experience, Shalendra Sharma
Markets And States In Development: India's Reformers And The East Asian Experience, Shalendra Sharma
Politics
No abstract provided.