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Defense and Security Studies

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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Acknowledging The Impact Of Climate Change On National Security: A Long And Winding Road, Linda A. Malone Sep 2019

Acknowledging The Impact Of Climate Change On National Security: A Long And Winding Road, Linda A. Malone

Linda A. Malone

No abstract provided.


Countering Violent Extremism In Trinidad And Tobago: An Evaluation, Daniel P. Aldrich, Raghunath Mahabir Sep 2019

Countering Violent Extremism In Trinidad And Tobago: An Evaluation, Daniel P. Aldrich, Raghunath Mahabir

Daniel P Aldrich

Much research has focused on explaining the very high rate of radicalization among a small number of Caribbean island nations. This paper instead investigates the history and current status of countering violent extremism policies in Trinidad and Tobago, focusing on government, international partners, and local NGO programming in the field. Through an analysis of extended interviews with grassroots organizations, politicians, and members of the security administration alongside a desk review of existing literature and evaluations of CVE programming, we seek to illuminate gaps between official policies and actual, on the ground practices. While authorities in Trinidad and Tobago have recognized …


Citizen Chávez: The State, Social Movements, And Publics, Anthony Peter Spanakos Jul 2019

Citizen Chávez: The State, Social Movements, And Publics, Anthony Peter Spanakos

Anthony Spanakos

Scholars are divided over whether the emancipatory politics promised by new social movements can be attained within civil society or whether seizure of the state apparatus is necessary. The Bolivarian Revolution led by President Hugo Chávez presents a crucial case for examining this question. Chávez’s use of the state apparatus has been fundamental in broadening the concept of citizenship, but this extension of citizenship has occurred alongside the deliberate exclusion of others. This has not only limited its appeal as a citizenship project but created counterpublics that challenge the functioning of the government and its very legitimacy. Analysis of Bolivarianism …


A Taxonomy Framework For Maritime Cybersecurity: A Demonstration Using The Automatic Identification System, G. C. Kessler, J. P. Craiger, J. C. Haass Jan 2019

A Taxonomy Framework For Maritime Cybersecurity: A Demonstration Using The Automatic Identification System, G. C. Kessler, J. P. Craiger, J. C. Haass

J. Philip Craiger, Ph.D.

The maritime transportation system is increasingly a target of cyber attacks. This paper describes a taxonomy that supports the creation of adversarial cyber models, risk mitigation, and resiliency plans as applied to the maritime industry, using the Automatic Identification System as a specific illustration of the approach. This method has already been applied to the aviation sector; retooling it for a maritime example demonstrates its broad applicability to the transportation sector, in general.


Simple Analytics Of The Impact Of Terror Generation On Attacker-Defender Interactions#3;, Timothy Mathews, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao R. Faria Dec 2017

Simple Analytics Of The Impact Of Terror Generation On Attacker-Defender Interactions#3;, Timothy Mathews, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao R. Faria

Aniruddha Bagchi

A simple Attacker-Defender interaction is analyzed, in which a single terrorist (denoted T) will potentially attack a single target in the homeland of a government/state (denoted G). This interaction is modeled as a one-shot sequential move game in which G #12;first chooses how heavily to defend the target, after which T chooses whether or not to stage an attack. T's bene#12;fit from a successful attack is allowed to be increasing in the amount of resources that G allocates to defense. In the context of terrorism, this has multiple reasonable interpretations, including situations in which: (i) citizens of the target country …


A Model Of A Multilateral Proxy War With Spillovers, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao R. Faria, Timothy Mathews Dec 2017

A Model Of A Multilateral Proxy War With Spillovers, Aniruddha Bagchi, Joao R. Faria, Timothy Mathews

Aniruddha Bagchi

Motivated by the war in Syria and the ascension of ISIS, this paper models a proxy war with three sponsors and three combatants as a dynamic game. Sponsors are leaders that provide resources for combatants to fi#12;ght each other. Sponsors 1 and 2 have strong aversion to sponsor 3's proxy, but not against each other. Three pure strategy equilibria exist in the game. When the ex post value of winning is small, all players #12;fight in equilibrium. However, when the ex post value of winning is large, in equilibrium either sponsors 1 and 2 coordinate their actions, with one of …


Role Of Intelligence Inputs In Defending Against Cyber Warfare And Cyber Terrorism Dec 2017

Role Of Intelligence Inputs In Defending Against Cyber Warfare And Cyber Terrorism

Aniruddha Bagchi

This article examines the role of espionage in defending against cyber-attacks on infrastructural firms. We analyze the problem using a game between a government, an infrastructural firm and an attacker. If the attacker successfully breaches the IT security defenses of the infrastructural firm, primary losses accrue to that firm while widespread collateral losses accrue to the rest of the economy. The government assists the infrastructural firm by providing intelligence inputs about an impending attack. We find that subject to some conditions, expenditure on intelligence adds value only when its amount exceeds a threshold level. Also, the nature of the equilibrium …


Physical Screening And Testing: From Purpose To Research To Application, Rob Orr Jul 2017

Physical Screening And Testing: From Purpose To Research To Application, Rob Orr

Rob Marc Orr

Session Objectives:

•Discuss the purposes of different physical assessments

•Designing measures useful for assessing tactical personnel

•Applying assessments in the field


The Impact Of Body Armor On Physical Performance Of Law Enforcement Personnel: A Systematic Review, Colin Tomes, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope Jul 2017

The Impact Of Body Armor On Physical Performance Of Law Enforcement Personnel: A Systematic Review, Colin Tomes, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope

Rob Marc Orr

BACKGROUND: The law enforcement officer profession requires performance of arduous occupational tasks while carrying an external load, consisting of, at minimum, a chest rig, a communication system, weaponry, handcuffs, personal protective equipment and a torch. The aim of this systematic review of the literature was to identify and critically appraise the methodological quality of published studies that have investigated the impacts of body armour on task performance and to synthesize and report key findings from these studies to inform law enforcement organizations. METHODS: Several literature databases (Medline, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBAS) were searched using key search words and terms to identify …


Musculoskeletal Fitness As A Predictor Of Injury During Police Academy Training: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Rob Orr, Matthew Stewart, Rodney P. Pope, Michael Stierli, Ben Hinton Jul 2017

Musculoskeletal Fitness As A Predictor Of Injury During Police Academy Training: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Rob Orr, Matthew Stewart, Rodney P. Pope, Michael Stierli, Ben Hinton

Rob Marc Orr

Introduction:

• Tactical training institutions (like those for military, law enforcement and firefighting) often implement intensive training regimes to adequately prepare their candidates (Bullock et al. 2010)

• Recruit training physical fitness assessment items are performed to determine baseline fitness of each recruit

• Previous research has investigated fitness measures as a positive injury predictor among tactical recruits during basic training (Bedno et al., 2013; Knapik et al., 2001; O’connor et al., 2011; Rosendal, et al., 2003)

• However protocols generally include aerobic fitness as part of the process with predominantly military recruit populations (Lisman, et al. 2013: Knapik et …


A Physical Fitness Profile Of State Highway Patrol Officers By Gender And Age, James Jay Dawes, Rob Orr, Richard Flores, Robert G. Lockie, Charles Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes Jul 2017

A Physical Fitness Profile Of State Highway Patrol Officers By Gender And Age, James Jay Dawes, Rob Orr, Richard Flores, Robert G. Lockie, Charles Kornhauser, Ryan Holmes

Rob Marc Orr

Background: Law enforcement officers perform physically demanding tasks that generally remain constant as they age. However, there is limited population-specific research on age, gender and normative fitness values for law enforcement officers as opposed to those of the general population. The purpose of this study was to profile the current level of fitness for highway patrol officers based on age and gender and provide percentile ranking charts unique to this population. Methods: Retrospective data for six-hundred and thirty-one state troopers (♂ = 597; mean age = 39.52 ± 8.09 yrs; mean height = 180.72 ± 7.06 cm; mean weight = …


A Detailed Analysis Of Serious Personal Injuries Suffered By Full Time And Part Time Soldiers, Rodney P. Pope, Adam Norman, Ben Schram, Rob M. Orr Jul 2017

A Detailed Analysis Of Serious Personal Injuries Suffered By Full Time And Part Time Soldiers, Rodney P. Pope, Adam Norman, Ben Schram, Rob M. Orr

Rob Marc Orr

No abstract provided.


Preparing Personnel For Safe And Effective Operation In Harsh And Volatile Environments, Rodney Pope, Rob Marc Orr, Matt Brearley, Richard Gorey, Shane Irving May 2017

Preparing Personnel For Safe And Effective Operation In Harsh And Volatile Environments, Rodney Pope, Rob Marc Orr, Matt Brearley, Richard Gorey, Shane Irving

Rodney P Pope

Overview:

• Psychological preparation –Scott Gayton

• Injury risks & impacts –Rod Pope

• Security & protection of teams –Shane Irving

• Hot & humid conditions –Matt Brearley

• Preparing for field operations –Richard Gorey

• Load carriage –Rob Orr

• Wrap-Up & Panel Q & A –Rod Pope


Preparing Personnel For Safe And Effective Operation In Harsh And Volatile Environments, Rodney Pope, Rob Marc Orr, Matt Brearley, Richard Gorey, Shane Irving May 2017

Preparing Personnel For Safe And Effective Operation In Harsh And Volatile Environments, Rodney Pope, Rob Marc Orr, Matt Brearley, Richard Gorey, Shane Irving

Rob Marc Orr

Overview:

• Psychological preparation –Scott Gayton

• Injury risks & impacts –Rod Pope

• Security & protection of teams –Shane Irving

• Hot & humid conditions –Matt Brearley

• Preparing for field operations –Richard Gorey

• Load carriage –Rob Orr

• Wrap-Up & Panel Q & A –Rod Pope


Incidence Rates For Work Health And Safety Incidents And Injuries In Australian Army Reserve Vs Full Time Soldiers, And A Comparison Of Reporting Systems, Rodney Pope, Rob Orr May 2017

Incidence Rates For Work Health And Safety Incidents And Injuries In Australian Army Reserve Vs Full Time Soldiers, And A Comparison Of Reporting Systems, Rodney Pope, Rob Orr

Rob Marc Orr

Objective:

To determine incidence rates of reported work health and safety (WHS) incidents and injuries in Army Reserve (ARES) and Australian Regular Army (ARA) personnel and assess the relative performance of the WHS incident reporting system, compared to ‘point-of-care’ systems.

Methods:

WHS incident data for a 24-month period were extracted from a military database. Reported WHS incident and injury rates for both populations were calculated and compared. The WHS injury rates were compared with previously published injury incidence rates based on ‘point-of-care’ incident reporting in Army populations to ascertain relative performance of WHS and ‘point-of-care’ systems.

Results:

In both populations …


Differences In Initial Fitness Scores Between Highway Patrol Cadets Who Successfully Complete Or Fail To Complete A 27-Week Training Academy, James Jay Dawes, Rob Orr, Charles Kornhauser, Kym Holmes, Ryan Holmes, Rodney Pope May 2017

Differences In Initial Fitness Scores Between Highway Patrol Cadets Who Successfully Complete Or Fail To Complete A 27-Week Training Academy, James Jay Dawes, Rob Orr, Charles Kornhauser, Kym Holmes, Ryan Holmes, Rodney Pope

Rob Marc Orr

Research suggests that law enforcement is primarily a sedentary occupation. However, officers may have to respond rapidly to unpredictable situations and this can dramatically increase their physiological loads. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological demands placed on Australian state police officers carrying out operational tasks.


A Profile Of Injuries Sustained By Law Enforcement Officers: A Critical Review, Kate Lyons, Cameron Radburn, Robin Orr, Rodney Pope May 2017

A Profile Of Injuries Sustained By Law Enforcement Officers: A Critical Review, Kate Lyons, Cameron Radburn, Robin Orr, Rodney Pope

Rob Marc Orr

Due to the unpredictable, varied and often physical nature of law enforcement duties, police officers are at a high risk of work-related physical injury. The aim of this critical narrative review was to identify and synthesize key findings of studies that have investigated musculoskeletal injuries sustained by law enforcement officers during occupational tasks. A systematic search of four databases using key search terms was conducted to identify potentially relevant studies, which were assessed against key inclusion and exclusion criteria to determine studies to be included in the review. Included studies were critically appraised and the level of evidence determined. Relevant …


Physiological Demands Of Law Enforcement Occupational Tasks In Australian Police Officers, Amy Decker, Rob Orr, Rodney Pope, Ben Hinton Jan 2017

Physiological Demands Of Law Enforcement Occupational Tasks In Australian Police Officers, Amy Decker, Rob Orr, Rodney Pope, Ben Hinton

Rob Marc Orr

Research suggests that law enforcement is primarily a sedentary occupation. However, officers may have to respond rapidly to unpredictable situations and this can dramatically increase their physiological loads. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological demands placed on Australian state police officers carrying out operational tasks.


Technology Disaster Recovery.Docx, D'Andre D. Lampkin Dec 2016

Technology Disaster Recovery.Docx, D'Andre D. Lampkin

D'Andre Lampkin

This essay explores the ways technology is a challenge to disaster recovering planning. The essay will specifically address the challenges of incorporating technology in disaster recovery planning and how using technology can help or hinder disaster recovery efforts. It is not the intent of this paper to suggest technology should not be used during the recovery disaster recovery process, but its implications to disaster recovery and possible resolutions.


Combat Training Injuries In Australian Army Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope Nov 2016

Combat Training Injuries In Australian Army Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope

Rob Marc Orr

Abstract published in the Journal of Military and Veteran’s Health, 24(4), p. 17-18.


Combat Training Injuries In Australian Army Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope Nov 2016

Combat Training Injuries In Australian Army Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope

Rodney P Pope

Abstract published in the Journal of Military and Veteran’s Health, 24(4), p. 17-18.


Profiling Work Health And Safety Incidents And Injuries In Australian Army Personnel: An Investigation Of Injuries And Other Incidents Suffered By Army Reserve Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope, Ben Schram, Dylan Macdonald, Wayne Hing Oct 2016

Profiling Work Health And Safety Incidents And Injuries In Australian Army Personnel: An Investigation Of Injuries And Other Incidents Suffered By Army Reserve Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope, Ben Schram, Dylan Macdonald, Wayne Hing

Ben Schram

The Army reserve soldier is an integral part of overall Army capability and functioning. Although only becoming full-time when participating in training exercises or when called on for operations, these personnel are generally expected to perform at a level commensurate with full-time soldiers of the same rank and trade. Due to their transitions between civilian and military employments, they are typically exposed to less chronic military physical conditioning than their full-time counterparts. This reduced chronic conditioning, but requirement to perform the same tasks at the same level as full-time soldiers, may leave the reserve soldier at a higher risk of …


Profiling Work Health And Safety Incidents And Injuries In Australian Army Personnel: An Investigation Of Injuries And Other Incidents Suffered By Army Reserve Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope, Ben Schram, Dylan Macdonald, Wayne Hing Oct 2016

Profiling Work Health And Safety Incidents And Injuries In Australian Army Personnel: An Investigation Of Injuries And Other Incidents Suffered By Army Reserve Personnel, Rob Marc Orr, Rodney Pope, Ben Schram, Dylan Macdonald, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

The Army reserve soldier is an integral part of overall Army capability and functioning. Although only becoming full-time when participating in training exercises or when called on for operations, these personnel are generally expected to perform at a level commensurate with full-time soldiers of the same rank and trade. Due to their transitions between civilian and military employments, they are typically exposed to less chronic military physical conditioning than their full-time counterparts. This reduced chronic conditioning, but requirement to perform the same tasks at the same level as full-time soldiers, may leave the reserve soldier at a higher risk of …


Training For Tactical Operations In Tropical Environments: Challenges, Risks, & Strategies For Risk Management, Rodney Pope, Rob Orr, Anthony Walker, Shane D. Irving, Ralph P. Jones, Richard J. Gorey, Scott D. Gayton, Joseph Knapik Sep 2016

Training For Tactical Operations In Tropical Environments: Challenges, Risks, & Strategies For Risk Management, Rodney Pope, Rob Orr, Anthony Walker, Shane D. Irving, Ralph P. Jones, Richard J. Gorey, Scott D. Gayton, Joseph Knapik

Rob Marc Orr

Tactical operators, encompassing military, law enforcement, fire and other emergency personnel, can be found in all climatic zones. These tactical operators may be deployed at short notice to tropical environments, often with limited time to acclimatise if based in more temperate zones. They are then expected to undertake arduous tactical tasks, often repeatedly and for extended periods in the tropical area. These demands combine with harsh environments, personal protective equipment (PPE), tactical loads, threats to life, and responsibility for the safety and survival of others to place immense physical and mental stresses on tactical operators. Managing the resulting risks is …


The Illogic Of The Biological Weapons Taboo., Phillip M. Mccauley, Rodger A. Payne Jul 2016

The Illogic Of The Biological Weapons Taboo., Phillip M. Mccauley, Rodger A. Payne

Rodger A. Payne

No abstract provided.


China's Contradictory Grand Strategy Manifestations: Examining The Rare Earths Export Restrictions And The One Belt, One Road Initiative, Lukas K. Danner Jun 2016

China's Contradictory Grand Strategy Manifestations: Examining The Rare Earths Export Restrictions And The One Belt, One Road Initiative, Lukas K. Danner

Dr. Lukas K. Danner

In the past few years, China has exhibited a rising assertiveness in international relations, including trade, although its official grand strategy remains "Peaceful Development." Examples of this contradictory trajectory are China's rare earth elements export restrictions (assertive) and the One Belt, One Road initiative (peaceful). This article seeks to establish, on the one hand, whether or not these examples are conforming to or diverging from "Peaceful Development," and therefore actually a manifestation of the alleged rising assertiveness on China's part, and on the other hand, identify the reason why China is acting ambivalently. To accomplish this, this article gives historical-cultural …


Truth And (Self) Censorship In Military Memoirs, Esmeralda Kleinreesink, Joseph Soeters Apr 2016

Truth And (Self) Censorship In Military Memoirs, Esmeralda Kleinreesink, Joseph Soeters

Esmeralda Kleinreesink

It can be difficult for researchers from outside the military to gain access to the field. However, there is a rich source on the military that is readily available for every researcher: military memoirs. This source does provide some methodological challenges with regard to truth and (self) censorship, nevertheless. This study questions how truth and (self) censorship issues influence the content of these military autobiographies. It shows that these issues are not only a concern for researchers, but also for military writers themselves. The study provides concrete quantitative data based on military Afghanistan memoirs published between 2001 and 2010 from …


Strategic Cyberwar Theory - A Foundation For Designing Decisive Strategic Cyber Operations, Jan Kallberg Apr 2016

Strategic Cyberwar Theory - A Foundation For Designing Decisive Strategic Cyber Operations, Jan Kallberg

Jan Kallberg

Traditional military theory applied in cyber struggles with four challenges – anonymity, object permanence, measurable results, and rapid digital execution. In a Clausewitzian world, these challenges were non-existent. The enemy was clearly marked, the battle field was fixed, the results of the battle was visible, and it occurred not at computational speed but instead in a pace that allowed human leadership to act. Traditional military thinking does not support decisive action in a future nation state cyber conflict. The utility of cyber attacks is dependent on the institutional design of the targeted society. Strategic cyberwar theory utilizes ‘Occam’s Razor’ to …


The Advanced Persistent Threat And The Role Of Cybersecurity Education, Gary C. Kessler Mar 2016

The Advanced Persistent Threat And The Role Of Cybersecurity Education, Gary C. Kessler

Gary C. Kessler

"The changing face of infowar • The Advanced Persistent Threat • Examples of recent cyber attacks • Mitigation and preparation • Formalizing the response • The role(s) of education"--Overview


The Eu's Common Security And Defense Policy (Csdp) In Action: Operation Atalanta, Dimitrios Dalaklis Mar 2016

The Eu's Common Security And Defense Policy (Csdp) In Action: Operation Atalanta, Dimitrios Dalaklis

Dimitrios Dalaklis

No abstract provided.