Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

On Gendered Knowledge In Communication: Women In The Film Industry, Michele Martin

Irish Communication Review

Studies in communication have shown that, in the fllm industry. women as directors obtain less financial support than men. They find themselves in a peculiar situation: the discrimination they suffer obliges them to innovate. and hence they often find themselves at the 'avant garde' of cinematographic production. This is specifically true in the area of documentary film-making. To use Carle's words, In film 'the revolution passes through women'.

Feature Writing In Women's Magazines: A Limited Ideological Challenge, Susan Liddy

Irish Communication Review

Since the emergence of the International women's movement in the early 1970s. women's magazines have increasingly popularized feminist Ideas. The fragmented format of the genre ensures that a debate on feminist issues can surface in features side by side such old reliables as beauty tips, recipes or advice on how to attract and keep a man. In 1991, over one third of feature writing in Woman's Way and three quarters in U, reflected items from the Irish feminist agenda. Issues like the wage gap, the absence of state funded childcare, the need for equal status legislation , rape and domestic …

New Media Technologies In Europe: The Politics Of Satellite, Hdtv And Dab, Hans J. Kleinsteuber

Irish Communication Review

It has been lhe tradition in Europe to develop media technologies at national level with close cooperation between the state and the private sector, and frequently with competition between different states and their industrial Infrastructures. The creation of new technologies mostly occurred within lhe electric, and later the electronics industry and included studio equipment, transmitters and receivers; it also included those industries supplying equipment to areas such as telecommunications. optics and the aerospace indus try. The state has always provided some of the central players. for example, Post Office administrations (Telecoms), research ministries, the military sector and in particular, the …

Thatcher, The Iba And Death On The Rock, Tony Fleck

Irish Communication Review

Since its beginnings in the 1920s. broadcasting in these islands has always been considered by the vartous governments of the day. whatever their political complexion. to be too important to be left solely to the broadcasters. Successive administrations have attempted to regulate and control what is heard or seen over the airWaves by a series of acts of the British Parliament or Dail E!reann. These acts have been drafted so as to give designated ministers the power to decide on the composition and membership of the Authorities. Boards of Governors or Commissions established by law - and to dismiss them …

Book Reviews: Volume 4

Irish Communication Review

J. Fiske Power plays, power works, reviewed by David E. Butler

M. Skovmand and K. Schroder {eds.) Media cultures: reappraising transnational media, reviewed by Richard Fitzsimons

B. Gunter and T. Viney Seeing is believing: religion and television in the 1990's, reviewed by Tony Fleck

A. Millwood Hargrave {ed.), Broadcasting Standards Council: Violence in factual television, reviewed by Muiris MacConghail

J. A. Walker Arts TV - A history of arts television in Britain, reviewed by Brian O'Neill

J. N. Didie Aid for cinematographic and audio-visual production in Europe, reviewed by John G. Phelan

N. Miller and …

The French Have Got A Great Culture, I'Ve Been To Versailles' (Ted Turner): Towards A 500 Channel World, Raymond Snoddy

Irish Communication Review

Ladies and Gentlemen, good evening and thank you very much indeed for the honour and pleasure of being Invited to give the second Annual Rathmines Media Lecture. First of all I owe you a necessary word of explanation for the strange title of this talk , 'The French have got a great culture - I've been to Versailles': Towards a 500 Channel World. It sums up rather well some of the themes I want to touch on tonight. I heard these words about French culture spoken during a supposedly serious interview last month. I was on a 24-hour visit to …

Promoting A Healthy Lifestyle Through Public Communication: Experiences And Results Of The Kilkenny Health Project, Peter Murray

Irish Communication Review

In 1985 the Kilkenny Health Project was initiated with the aim of reducing coronary heart disease among the people of County Kilkenny. Coronary heart disease is the biggest single cause of death in Ireland (Kilkenny Health Project 1992: 4-10). The risk of developing it is widely agreed to be related to how people live their everyday lives - to the diet they eat, to whether or not they take exercise, to cigarette smoking, etc. (World Health Organization 1982). Many premature deaths and episodes of serious illness could therefore be prevented by changes in currently prevailing lifestyles. The Kilkenny Health Project …

Science And Technology: The Media's Blind Spot, John Sterne, Brian Trench

Irish Communication Review

University-based scientists began to display an unprecedented militancy during 1993. The newly formed Irish Research Scientists Association (IRSA) complained of cutbacks In the already low level of state funding for basic research projects. IRSA members highlighted the inadequate grants for postgraduate students and the need for more money to equip their laboratories. They argued that the erosion of scientific research was inhibiting the long-term vitality of Irish industry and lobbied government ministers for a change of policy. By early 1994 the IRSA campaign had achieved results. In particular, when Minister of State Seamus Brennan' established a new advisory body - …

Television And The Irish Language, Triona Quill

Irish Communication Review

The controversy which greeted the announcement by Minister for Arts. Culture and the Gaeltacht Michael D. Higgins of the forthcoming establishment of Teilifis na Gaellge (TnG) - particularly in view of its cost - has once again put the Issue of Irish language television broadcasting under the spotlight.

Political Communication And Broadcasting: Theory, Practice And Reform, Colum Mccaffery

Irish Communication Review

The origins of this research project lie in the writer's dissatisfaction with the growing library of work which frets aimlessly about the effects of broadcasting on political communication. Missing from the shelves, It is argued, is a clear statement of w Is achievable by way of political communication. In other words, if television's contribution to political communication is to be criticized, a set of criteria - a specification - for adequate public debate is long overdue.

The Demonization Of Women In Popular Culture: Some Recent Examples, Ciaran Mccullagh

Irish Communication Review

Until recently the study of popular culture .was dominated by the perspective of the Frankfurt School. For them all mass culture was identical. Cultural products were 'cyclically recurrent and rigidly invariable types' (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1 977:352}. They were the products of the 'assembly-line character of the culture industry' (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1977:380}. The similarities extended beyond plotlines and genre-types to the consistent promotion of conventional values. This culture was primarily a form of social control. It was, to quote De Tocquevil!e, ·a tyranny (which} leaves the body free and directs its attack at the soul' (Adorno and Horkheimer, 1 …

Thirty Years A' Growing: The Past, The Present And The Future Of Irish Broadcasting, Vincent Finn

Irish Communication Review

Way back in the early months of 1960, the then British Prime Minister, Harold · McMillan - whose most memorable phrase until then had been his salutation to the British public 'You've never had it so good' - made a six-weeks tour of the African continent. By the time Mr. McMillan arrived in Cape Town he was geared up for another phrase-making speech, this time to the assembled members of the South African Parliament: 'The wind of change is blowing through this continent, and, whether we like it or not, this growth of the national consciousness is a political fact. …

Media Education In Ireland: An Overview, Brian O'Neill

Irish Communication Review

The Irish educational system is frequently celebrated as a world class system that is held in high domestic esteem, has contributed substantially to Ireland’s economic success and been compared very favourably with our counterparts elsewhere in the European Union. Such contentment belies the fact that it has also been a system very slow to change, is notoriously centralised and has only in the last decade instituted significant legislative reform that will enable and facilitate the growth of new curricular areas such as media studies – the topic of this article – an area in which Ireland lags substantially behind our …

Patterns Of Irish Viewing, Tom Harper

Irish Communication Review

Analyses of the way people view programmes have been examined extensively in the USA and in the UK. For example, work by Barwise et al (1988). Collins et al (1982) and Ehrenberg (1990) is generally well known In the broadcasting area. Much of their work has to do with segmentation of the TV audience, audience flow, repeat viewing and audience duplication. This paper examines some of these concepts using Irish data from the AGB TAM panel.

Attitudes On Tv Advertising For Children: A Survey Among Flemish Parents Of Children Aged 6 - 12 Years., Els De Bens, Patrick Vyncke, Peter Vandenbruane

Irish Communication Review

The issue of 1V advertising and children has always been quite controversial. From I the early 1970s until now, hundreds of studies have been conducted on this topic. Some of these studies are based on the observation of children in experimental situations. By their use of a non-verbal research method, these studies have the advantage of avoiding misrepresentation caused by some children's verbal skills when responding to verbal tests.2 The disadvantage of this type of experimental research, however, is that the real-life validity of the results is sometimes quite low: the skillfully constructed research-experiments In which children's short-term reactions to …

Government, Propaganda And The Irish News Agency, John Horgan

Irish Communication Review

The theme of identity forged in adversity has bulked large on the agenda of the founders of many small nation states, and the case of Ireland is no exception. The extent and nature of the Irish diaspora, in addition, has given this theme an added dimension: its propagation to the world at large. Bending the world's ear to the cause of righting . Ireland's wrongs has been a constant, if rarely successful, strand in Irish nationalist policy for over two centuries. It is only in more recent times, however, that it has become more formally associated with the official structures …

The Political Lobby System, Michael Foley

Irish Communication Review

At the heart of the political system in Ireland, inside Leinster House, is a small groQp of journalists who cover politics. They are the political correspondents. They have a privileged position, their own rooms, access to politicians in their place of work, access to government ministers and regular briefings from the government press secretary and from the press officers of the other political parties. It is these few journalists, working together, who write the first story on any event, who decide what to cover and how stories should be covered. It is to these journalists that the government press secretary …

Social Scientists And Journalists: Are The Former Really So Different From The Latter?, Liz Fawcett

Irish Communication Review

As a journalist who has recently begun carrying out sociological research, I have been struck by the parallels between social science and journalism. I have also been intrigued by some sociological studies of the media which seem to me to suggest that we are little more than a bunch of jumped-up charlatans. This article seeks to examine whether journalism is, in fact, so very different from the social sciences and to ask what might motivate some social scientists to wish to establish a firm differential between the two occupations.

Independent Local Radio: How Local?, Seamus White

Irish Communication Review

1988 marked a new era in Irish broadcasting history. Up until then independent broadcasting services consisted of unlicenced and unregulated pirate radio stations. The 1988 Radio and Television Act created the Independent Radio and Television Commission, giving It powers to establish and supervise legal and independent local radio. By the end of 1991, twenty one such local stations were In operation. In deciding who would be awarded local radio franchises, the 1988 Act Instructed the IRTC to take Into consideration a range of criteria. Judging from the guide which the IRTC provided for applicants and the nature of the questioning …

Through A Glass, Darkly ... Reflections On Secrecy And Censorship In Ireland, Paddy Smyth

Irish Communication Review

Censorship, whether justifiable or not, is first and foremost a denial of a part of reality. In Ireland traditionally, it has been about the denial of the sensual. Today, less so. Our censors in 1993 are concerned predominantly with the consequences of sex and the causes of political violence. Above all, they are driven by the conviction that supposedly unshakeable value systems will fail the test of contact with the harshness of real life, and that people are so weak-willed, that they, like children, must be protected from their baser instincts, for their own good. People must be protected from …

The European Media Programme - A Producer's Experience, Gerry Gregg

Irish Communication Review

In 1988 the European Media programme was launched to encourage film and television production in Europe for European audiences. The same year the Irish Film Board was abolished. As 1992 approached, such was the perceived success of the Media Programme, the European Commission decided to extend and expand the media initiative until 1995. Meanwhile, in Ireland the Government had followed up the coup de grace on the Film Board with the cap on RTE advertising revenue. Ostensibly the cap was designed to encourage advertisers to place their bets on the new national independent radio channels airtime and on TV3. By …

Book Reviews Volume 2

Irish Communication Review

Book review by Tony Fahy of Ian Ang: Desperately Seeking the Audience

Book review by Greta Jones of Thomas Richards The commodity culture of Victorian England: advertising and spectacle, 1851-1914

Book review by Colum Kenny of Broadcast and electronic media in Western Europe

Book review by Mary Maher of Ann Shearer Survivors and the media

Book review by Mary Maher of Andrea Millwood Hargrave Taste and Decency in Broadcasting

Book review by Henry McClave of Joan Mulholland The language of negotiation - a handbook of practical strategies for improving communication

Book review by Jim Nolan of W. Leiss, S.Kline and …

Documenting The Troubles: A Question Of Perspective, David Butler

Irish Communication Review

The main aim of this essay is to analyze British documentary coverage of the conflict In Northern Ireland (NI) with a view lo assessing whether there are detectable patterns of explanations across the range of output . The argument has been formed In relation to the discourse of 'Media Studies' research. To this end, there are, it seems to me, three key factors to stress by way of introduction.

Media Images Of Disability, Brian Trench

Irish Communication Review

No abstract provided.

Book Reviews : Volume 1

Irish Communication Review

Book Reviews

James Lull: Inside family viewing: ethnographic research on television's audiences reviewed by Martin Mcloone

Josephine Langham: Teachers and television - a history of the IBA 's educational fellowship scheme reviewed by Brian O'Neill

Mary E. Brown: Television and women's culture: the politics of the popular reviewed by Patsy Murphy

Jean Baudrillard:Cool memories. Translated by Chris Turner, reviewed by Richard Kearney

Television Without Frontiers: The Economic Dimension, Mario Hirsch

Irish Communication Review

With the establishment of a single market in broadcasting for audiences throughout the EC. which Is the main aim of the EC Television Directive of 1989. conditions are supposed to be created for the full development of broadcasting activities. Supporters of this initiative. which Is In line with the general internal market philosophy. believe that an enlarged market In broadcasting will bring economies of scale and improve the International trading position of member states in both the software and the hardware aspects of broadcasting.

Television In An Uneasy Place Between Culture And Industry, Vibeke Petersen

Irish Communication Review

Before the EC Directive on 'Television without Frontiers' was adopted on 3 October 1989. a great deal of statistics and forecasts about the sony state of the European television Industry had pointed to the necessity for action. There was - and Is - the fear that foreign. mainly American, programmes would Increasingly dominate European screens. resulting in a loss of European culture and the demise of our audiovisual industry. To mention a few of the factors behind this gloomy view: • American fiction films have over 40 per cent of the European market share. • American-controlled companies have 60 per …

Ec Directive On Television Broadcasting Activities, October 1989

Irish Communication Review

Council Directive of 3 October 1989 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law. regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the pursuit of television broadcasting activities

Broadcasting Law And Broadcasting Policy In Ireland, Wolfgang Truetzschler

Irish Communication Review

The following article was written in order to present. in a systematic manner. an overview of the regulations applicable to the broadcast media in Ireland. It also constitutes an a ttempt to outline and evaluate present-day broadcasting policy in Ireland. It provides a brief summary of the various regulations applicable to broadcasting in Ireland. Subsequently. It considers in detail the regulations for public and private broadcasting services. as well as those that govern the operation of cable television and of the new MMDS television retransmission systems which are currently being implemented throughout Ireland.

Aspects Of The Los Angelesation Of Ireland, Kevin Rockett

Irish Communication Review

Within a short time of beginning his seventeen year reign as Ireland's flrst Film Censor In 1924 James Montgomery (1) declared that the greatest danger to Ireland came not from the AngliciZation of Ireland but from the Los Angelesation of Ireland. This was a surprising admission given that Montgomery himself was closely allied With the conseiVative cultural and political leadership of the country which took power In 1922. During the previous four decades, especially since the foundation of the Gaelic Athletic Association In 1884 and the Gaelic League Jn 1893, enormous efforts had been expended in trying to establish a …