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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Keyword
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- Lightness (6)
- Attention (4)
- Material perception (4)
- Signal detection theory (4)
- Free-viewing (3)
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- Neural networks (3)
- Psychophysics (3)
- Saliency (3)
- Vision (3)
- Visual search (3)
- Biased competition (2)
- Classification images (2)
- Computational modeling (2)
- Contrast gain control (2)
- Contrast sensitivity (2)
- Edge integration (2)
- Fixational eye movements (2)
- Gestalt (2)
- Image segmentation (2)
- Material Perception (2)
- Motion (2)
- Neural model (2)
- Object recognition (2)
- Perceptual organization (2)
- Perceptual separability (2)
- Pyramidal cell (2)
- Scene Perception (2)
- Shape perception (2)
- Spatial vision (2)
- Symmetry (2)
- Publication Year
Articles 61 - 84 of 84
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Figure-Ground Organization Using 3d Symmetry, Aaron Michaux, Vijai Jayadevan, Edward Delp, Zygmunt Pizlo
Figure-Ground Organization Using 3d Symmetry, Aaron Michaux, Vijai Jayadevan, Edward Delp, Zygmunt Pizlo
MODVIS Workshop
We present a novel approach to object localization using mirror symmetry as a general purpose and biologically motivated prior. 3D symmetry leads to good segmentation because (i) almost all objects exhibit symmetry, and (ii) configurations of objects are not likely to be symmetric unless they share some additional relationship. Furthermore, psychophysical evidence suggests that the human vision system makes use symmetry in constructing 3D percepts, indicating that symmetry may be important in object localization. No general purpose approach is known for solving 3D symmetry correspondence in 2D camera images, because few invariants exist. Therefore, to test symmetry as a clustering …
A Mixture Model Demonstrates Use Of Distinct Strategies In A Global Motion Direction Task, Lanya Tianhao Cai, Benjamin T. Backus
A Mixture Model Demonstrates Use Of Distinct Strategies In A Global Motion Direction Task, Lanya Tianhao Cai, Benjamin T. Backus
MODVIS Workshop
Mixture models are well known in cognitive psychology, less so in vision. Are there cases where the data allow clear testing as to whether different strategies are employed in a task? Most psychophysical measurements manipulate a single staircase variable to map out a monotonic increasing function, but if performance is limited by different mechanisms over the range of the variable, classical fitting could be inappropriate. We present a data set and analyses that confirm the presence of two visual strategies addressing the same task, with the choice of strategies depending on the staircase variable. In a net-motion discrimination task, stimuli …
Choice-Dependent Perceptual Biases, Long Luu, Alan A. Stocker
Choice-Dependent Perceptual Biases, Long Luu, Alan A. Stocker
MODVIS Workshop
The perceived motion direction of a dynamic random dot stimulus is systematically biased when preceded by a motion discrimination task (Jazayeri and Movshon, 2007). The biases were originally thought to occur because subjects mistakenly reuse the neural read-out optimized for the discrimination task when forming the percept (Fig.1a, Task-dependent model). In a series of experiments, we demonstrated that this explanation is incorrect and that the biases actually result from the conditioning of the percept on the preceding discrimination judgment (Fig1.b, Choice-dependent model). Experiment 1 was aimed at replicating the biases for an orientation stimulus. Subjects first indicated whether the stimulus …
An Image-Based Model For Early Visual Processing, Heiko H. Schütt, Felix A. Wichmann
An Image-Based Model For Early Visual Processing, Heiko H. Schütt, Felix A. Wichmann
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Focusing On Selection For Fixation, John K. Tsotsos, Calden Wloka, Yulia Kotseruba
Focusing On Selection For Fixation, John K. Tsotsos, Calden Wloka, Yulia Kotseruba
MODVIS Workshop
Building on our presentation at MODVIS 2015, we continue in our quest to discover a functional, computational, explanation of the relationship among visual attention, interpretation of visual stimuli, and eye movements, and how these produce visual behavior. Here, we focus on one component, how selection is accomplished for the next fixation. The popularity of saliency map models drives the inference that this is solved; we suggested otherwise at MODVIS 2015. Here, we provide additional empirical and theoretical arguments. We then develop arguments that a cluster of complementary, conspicuity representations drive selection, modulated by task goals and history, leading to a …
Learning Object Representations For Modeling Attention In Real World Scenes, Alex Schwarz, Frederik Beuth, Fred H. Hamker
Learning Object Representations For Modeling Attention In Real World Scenes, Alex Schwarz, Frederik Beuth, Fred H. Hamker
MODVIS Workshop
Models of visual attention have been rarely used in real world tasks as they have been typically developed for psychophysical setups using simple stimuli. Thus, the question remains how objects must be represented to allow such models an operation in real world scenarios. We have previously presented an attention model capable of operating on real-world scenes (Beuth, F., and Hamker, F. H. 2015, NCNC, which is a successor of Hamker, F. H., 2005, Cerebral Cortex), and show here how its object representations have been learned. We have used a learning rule based on temporal continuity (Földiák, P., 1991, Neural Computation) …
Precise Measurements Of Perceptual Attention Filters For Features, Peng Sun, Charles Chubb, Charles E. Wright, Stefanie Drew, George Sperling
Precise Measurements Of Perceptual Attention Filters For Features, Peng Sun, Charles Chubb, Charles E. Wright, Stefanie Drew, George Sperling
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy-Spatial Taxon Cut, Lauren Barghout
Image Segmentation Using Fuzzy-Spatial Taxon Cut, Lauren Barghout
MODVIS Workshop
Images convey multiple meanings that depend on the context in which the viewer perceptually organizes the scene. This presents a problem for automated image segmentation, because it adds uncertainty to the process of selecting which objects to include or not include within a segment. I’ll discuss the implementation of a fuzzy-logic-natural-vision-processing engine that solves this problem by assuming the scene architecture prior to processing. The scene architecture, a standardized natural-scene-perception-taxonomy comprised of a hierarchy of nested spatial-taxons. Spatial-taxons are regions (pixel-sets) that are figure-like, in that they are perceived as having a contour, are either `thing-like', or a `group of …
‘Edge’ Integration Explains Contrast And Assimilation In A Gradient Lightness Illusion, Michael E. Rudd
‘Edge’ Integration Explains Contrast And Assimilation In A Gradient Lightness Illusion, Michael E. Rudd
MODVIS Workshop
In the ‘phantom’ illusion (Galmonte, Soranzo, Rudd, & Agostini, submitted), either an incremental or a decremental target, when surrounded by a luminance gradient, can to be made to appear as an increment or a decrement, depending on the gradient width. For wide gradients, incremental targets appear as increments and decremental targets appear as decrements. For narrow gradients, the reverse is true. Here, I model these phenomena with a two-stage neural lightness theory (Rudd, 2013, 2014) in which local steps in log luminance are first encoded by oriented spatial filters operating on a log-transformed version of the image; then the filter …
A Linearized Model For Flicker And Contrast Thresholds At Various Retinal Illuminances, Albert Ahumada, Andrew B. Watson
A Linearized Model For Flicker And Contrast Thresholds At Various Retinal Illuminances, Albert Ahumada, Andrew B. Watson
MODVIS Workshop
Watson and Ahumada (1992 SID) predicted flicker thresholds for bright displays using a temporal contrast sensitivity function (TCSF). Under the assumptions that the falling limb of the TCSF is linear at all retinal illuminations and that the Ferry-Porter law can be extended to supra-threshold levels, the thresholds for any of the three variables (frequency in Hz, log10 contrast, and retinal illuminance in log Trolands) can be predicted from the other two from a linear model with four parameters.
The Bounded Log-Odds Model Of Frequency And Probability Distortion, Hang Zhang, Laurence T. Maloney
The Bounded Log-Odds Model Of Frequency And Probability Distortion, Hang Zhang, Laurence T. Maloney
MODVIS Workshop
No abstract provided.
A Signal Detection Experiment With Limited Number Of Trials, Tadamasa Sawada
A Signal Detection Experiment With Limited Number Of Trials, Tadamasa Sawada
MODVIS Workshop
Signal detection theory has been well accepted in vision science to measure human sensitivity to stimuli in a Psychophysical experiment. The theory is formulated so that the measured sensitivity is independent from a response bias (criterion). The formulation is based on an assumption that number of trials in the experiment is infinite but this assumption cannot be satisfied in practice. The assumption came from two normal distributions used in the formulation. The distributions respectively represent a set of signal trial and that of noise trials in the experiment. In this study, I will show how the violation of the assumption …
Testing The Bayesian Confidence Hypothesis, Wei Ji Ma, Ronald Van Den Berg
Testing The Bayesian Confidence Hypothesis, Wei Ji Ma, Ronald Van Den Berg
MODVIS Workshop
Asking subjects to rate their confidence is one of the oldest procedures in psychophysics. Remarkably, quantitative models of confidence ratings have been scarce. The Bayesian confidence hypothesis (BCH) states that an observer’s confidence rating is monotonically related to the posterior probability of their choice. I will report tests of this hypothesis in two visual categorization tasks: one requiring rapid categorization of a single oriented stimulus, the other a deliberative judgment typically made by scientists, namely interpreting scatterplots. We find evidence against the Bayesian confidence hypothesis in both tasks.
A Conceptual Framework Of Computations In Mid-Level Vision, Jonas Kubilius, Johan Wagemans, Hans P. Op De Beeck
A Conceptual Framework Of Computations In Mid-Level Vision, Jonas Kubilius, Johan Wagemans, Hans P. Op De Beeck
MODVIS Workshop
The goal of visual processing is to extract information necessary for a variety of tasks, such as grasping objects, navigating in scenes, and recognizing them. While ultimately these tasks might be carried out by separate processing pathways, they nonetheless share a common root in the early and intermediate visual areas. What representations should these areas develop in order to facilitate all of these higher-level tasks? Several distinct ideas have received empirical support in the literature so far: (i) boundary feature detection, such as edge, corner, and curved segment extraction; (ii) second-order feature detection, such as the difference in orientation or …
Two Correspondence Problems Easier Than One, Aaron Michaux, Zygmunt Pizlo
Two Correspondence Problems Easier Than One, Aaron Michaux, Zygmunt Pizlo
MODVIS Workshop
Computer vision research rarely makes use of symmetry in stereo reconstruction despite its established importance in perceptual psychology. Such stereo reconstructions produce visually satisfying figures with precisely located points and lines, even when input images have low or moderate resolution. However, because few invariants exist, there are no known general approaches to solving symmetry correspondence on real images. The problem is significantly easier when combined with the binocular correspondence problem, because each correspondence problem provides strong non-overlapping constraints on the solution space. We demonstrate a system that leverages these constraints to produce accurate stereo models from pairs of binocular images …
Binocular 3d Motion Perception As Bayesian Inference, Martin Lages, Suzanne Heron
Binocular 3d Motion Perception As Bayesian Inference, Martin Lages, Suzanne Heron
MODVIS Workshop
The human visual system encodes monocular motion and binocular disparity input before it is integrated into a single 3D percept. Here we propose a geometric-statistical model of human 3D motion perception that solves the aperture problem in 3D by assuming that (i) velocity constraints arise from inverse projection of local 2D velocity constraints in a binocular viewing geometry, (ii) noise from monocular motion and binocular disparity processing is independent, and (iii) slower motions are more likely to occur than faster ones. In two experiments we found that instantiation of this Bayesian model can explain perceived 3D line motion direction under …
Computational Modeling Of Depth-Ordering In Occlusion Through Accretion Or Deletion Of Texture, Harald Ruda, Gennady Livitz, Guillaume Riesen, Ennio Mingolla
Computational Modeling Of Depth-Ordering In Occlusion Through Accretion Or Deletion Of Texture, Harald Ruda, Gennady Livitz, Guillaume Riesen, Ennio Mingolla
MODVIS Workshop
Understanding the depth-ordering of surfaces in the natural world is one of the most fundamental operations of the primate visual system. Surfaces that undergo accretion or deletion (AD) of texture are always perceived to behind an adjacent surface.
An updated ForMotionOcclusion (FMO) model (Barnes & Mingolla, 2013) includes two streams for computing motion signals and boundary signals. The two streams generate depth percepts such that AD signals together with boundary signals generate a farther depth on the occluded side of the boundary. The model fits the classical data (Kaplan, 1969) as well as the observation that moving surfaces tend to …
Spatially-Global Integration Of Closed Contours By Means Of Shortest-Path In A Log-Polar Representation, Terry Kwon, Kunal Agrawal, Yunfeng Li, Zygmunt Pizlo
Spatially-Global Integration Of Closed Contours By Means Of Shortest-Path In A Log-Polar Representation, Terry Kwon, Kunal Agrawal, Yunfeng Li, Zygmunt Pizlo
MODVIS Workshop
See the one page PDF with abstract and images.
Bayesian Modeling Of 3d Shape Inference From Line Drawings, Seha Kim, Jacob Feldman, Manish Singh
Bayesian Modeling Of 3d Shape Inference From Line Drawings, Seha Kim, Jacob Feldman, Manish Singh
MODVIS Workshop
Human depth comparisons in line drawings reflect the underlying uncertainty of perceived 3D shape. We propose a Bayesian model that estimates the 3D shape from line drawings based on the local and non-local contour cues. This model estimates the posterior distribution over depth differences at two points on a line drawing. The likelihood is numerically computed by assuming a generative model, which generates random 3D surfaces and, via projection, random line drawings. The 3D surfaces are inflated from random skeletons and projected into line drawings. Given a novel line drawing, the model samples probable local surfaces based on the relations …
Formal Aspects Of Non-Rigid-Shape-From-Motion Perception, Vicky Froyen, Qasim Zaidi
Formal Aspects Of Non-Rigid-Shape-From-Motion Perception, Vicky Froyen, Qasim Zaidi
MODVIS Workshop
Our world is full of objects that deform over time, for example animals, trees and clouds. Yet, the human visual system seems to readily disentangle object motions from non-rigid deformations, in order to categorize objects, recognize the nature of actions such as running or jumping, and even to infer intentions. A large body of experimental work has been devoted to extracting rigid structure from motion, but there is little experimental work on the perception of non-rigid 3-D shapes from motion (e.g. Jain, 2011). Similarly, until recently, almost all formal work had concentrated on the rigid case. In the last fifteen …
Appearance Controls Interpretation Of Orientation Flows For 3d Shape Estimation, Steven A. Cholewiak, Romain Vergne, Benjamin Kunsberg, Steven W. Zucker, Roland W. Fleming
Appearance Controls Interpretation Of Orientation Flows For 3d Shape Estimation, Steven A. Cholewiak, Romain Vergne, Benjamin Kunsberg, Steven W. Zucker, Roland W. Fleming
MODVIS Workshop
The visual system can infer 3D shape from orientation flows arising from both texture and shading patterns. However, these two types of flows provide fundamentally different information about surface structure. Texture flows, when derived from distinct elements, mainly signal first-order features (surface slant), whereas shading flow orientations primarily relate to second-order surface properties (the change in surface slant).
The source of an image's structure is inherently ambiguous, it is therefore crucial for the brain to identify whether flow patterns originate from texture or shading to correctly infer shape from a 2D image. One possible approach would be to use 'surface …
Can Computational Models Of Shape Explain Object Perception?, Sp Arun, Rt Pramod
Can Computational Models Of Shape Explain Object Perception?, Sp Arun, Rt Pramod
MODVIS Workshop
Despite advances in computation and machine learning, computers are still far behind humans in vision. This is most likely because humans use a sophisticated object representation which is very different from that used in computers today. Another challenge is that object representations in computer vision and human vision have not been systematically compared on the same objects. To address this issue, we measured perceptual dissimilarity between objects in humans in a visual search (taking search difficulty as an index of target-distracter similarity). We then compared these observed dissimilarities against the dissimilarity predicted by a large number of state-of-the-art computational models …
Object Recognition And Visual Search With A Physiologically Grounded Model Of Visual Attention, Frederik Beuth, Fred H. Hamker
Object Recognition And Visual Search With A Physiologically Grounded Model Of Visual Attention, Frederik Beuth, Fred H. Hamker
MODVIS Workshop
Visual attention models can explain a rich set of physiological data (Reynolds & Heeger, 2009, Neuron), but can rarely link these findings to real-world tasks. Here, we would like to narrow this gap with a novel, physiologically grounded model of visual attention by demonstrating its objects recognition abilities in noisy scenes.
To base the model on physiological data, we used a recently developed microcircuit model of visual attention (Beuth & Hamker, in revision, Vision Res) which explains a large set of attention experiments, e.g. biased competition, modulation of contrast response functions, tuning curves, and surround suppression. Objects are represented by …
Polysemy In Design Review Conversations, Georgi V. Georgiev, Toshiharu Taura
Polysemy In Design Review Conversations, Georgi V. Georgiev, Toshiharu Taura
Design Thinking Research Symposium
This paper examines the role of polysemy, defined as the quality of having multiple meanings, in design review conversations. It examines the polysemy, particularly of nouns, involved in a dataset of design review conversations with reference to design ideas. The purpose is to determine whether polysemy is related to successful development of design ideas and more creative design outcomes. The results show that the polysemy of nouns involved in the conversations of the finally developed, successful, design ideas exceeds in the most cases the average polysemy involved in the conversations pertaining to the unsuccessful design ideas. Furthermore, the polysemy of …