Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Temporal Dynamics Of East Texas Caddo Sites With 10 Or More Radiocarbon Dates, Robert Z. Selden Jr., Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This article represents supplementary data highlighting the specifics of date combination and the subsequent production of summed probability distribution samples for Caddo sites in East Texas. All radiocarbon (14C) dates employed in this effort were collected from research and cultural resource management (CRM) reports and publications, synthesized, then recalibrated in version 4.1.7 of OxCal using IntCal09.

The raw sample of Caddo 14C dates (n=889, with a standard deviation of 58) exceeds the minimum number of dates-750 suggested by Michczynska and Pazdur and 500 by Williams - but the combined sample (n=407, with a standard deviation of 53) does not meet …

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analyses In The Ancestral Caddo Territory, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In an attempt to better comprehend the geochemical composition of ceramic sherds across the traditional Caddo landscape, the INAA results for 1192 sherds from 164 sires are employed within this discussion (not included in this sample are sherds from sites recovered in central Texas.) After assembling the dataset, two table were used - one with geochemical data, one with site data - to catalog the sample. The shell and bone-tempered sherds were noted, but the calcium correction was only applied to 4% (n=47) of samples known to be shell-tempered.

The Ear Spool Site (41tt653): A Mid-15th To Early 17th Century A.D. Caddo Site In The Sulphur River Basin, Titus County, Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The Ear Spool site (41TT653) is a rather unique ancestral Caddo Settlement in the East Texas Pineywoods. More specifically, it is situated along a small tributary to East Piney Creek, itself a northward flowing tributart to White Oak Creek in the Sulphyr River Basin.

What makes the site unique is its diverse architectural charter as seen in the archaeological evidence of four buildings in two different Late Caddo period, Titus phase occupations, separated by as much as 2-3 generations, from the mid- 15th to early 17th century A.D. In, particular, it is the construction of two specialized structures in the …

The Ranchos Of Los Adaes: Spanish Geography And American Land Claims In Western Louisiana, Darryl Pleaseant

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Discovering the ranchos associated with the Presidio and Mission of Los Adaes has been a research goal for many years. Unfortunately research into the Spanish presence in Western Louisiana never revealed documentary evidence suggesting possible locations for the ranchos. Only generalized information was recovered in regards to a couple of the ranchos but definitely not solid data on their location. Recently it has come to our attention that perhaps our search had the wrong temporal parameters, we apparently should have been focused on the period after Los Adaes was closed. The research presented within the following pages has hopefully resolved …

St. Denis, The Caddo And Others: Letters From Patty Lemee, Patty Lemee

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

There we were, sailing south along the California coastline at the very top of Princess Lines's Love Boat after climbing stairs we probably shouldn't have been climbing. But there were no warning sings, and we were just young enough and foolish enough that we didn't think twice about climbing them. The winds were dangerously strong so we kept a tight grip on the railing and, altogether and simultaneously, we looked up. Awestruck. We were awestruck. No moonlight. Just that gloriously brilliant Milky Way against a pitch black midnight sky.

Preliminary Comments On Dog Interments From Archeological Sites In Northeast Texas: Folklore And Archeology, Jesse Todd

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Dogs have been associated with humans for thousands of years, and dog interments—either associated with human interments or as separate interments—also have an antiquity of thousands of years. This brief paper will summarize dog burials in a worldwide context, and then focus on the folklore, ethnology, and archeology of dogs among the Caddo. The information for the dog in Caddo culture will be summarized from George A. Dorsey’s Traditions of the Caddo and John R. Swanton’s Source Material on the History and Ethnology of the Caddo Indians. Then, dog interments from northeast Texas will be listed and discussed. By examining …

Landscape As A Ritual Object: Exploring Some Thoughts On Organized Space In The Great Bend Region In Southwestern Arkansas, Duncan P. Mckinnon

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This paper proposes a testable model to explore humanistic interpretations of landscapes that have been deliberately arranged, organized, executed, and modified based upon a particular suite of highly integrated political, social, economic, and ideological rules and aspirations about space. This model examines the landscape as a ritual object, embedded with cosmological meaning, purpose, and vision. Using data from archaeogeophysical surveys, excavations, and surface collections, some thoughts on organized space in the Great Bend region in southwestern Arkansas are presented with respect to regional site distributions, cardinal directionality, and intra-site spatial relationships as they exist across the cultural landscape.

Spatial Patterning Of Material Culture Remains And Animal Bone At An Early 18th Century Caddo Site In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula, Bo Nelson, Mark Walters

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The J. T. King site (41NA15) is an early 18th century Caddo habitation site on King Creek, a tributary to the Angelina River. It is situated on the northern route of El Camino Real de los Tejas, about 5 km east of the Camino Real’s crossing of the Angelina River. This is an area where Historic Caddo sites are relatively common, and there are sites generally contemporaneous with the J. T. King site both north and south some distance along King Creek.

Archaeogeophysical and archaeological investigations were conducted intermittingtly at the J. T. King site since May 2008, following the …

Woodland Period Archaeology As Seen From The Attoyac Bayou Basin In East Texas, Timothy K. Perttula

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The character of the archaeological record of the Woodland period (ca. 550 B.C.-A.D. 800) in East Texas is discussed in the context of the findings from excavations at four Mossy Grove Culture Woodland period sites at Lake Naconiche in the Attoyac Bayou basin. Of particular concern is information obtained from these sites on local Woodland period settlement patterns and features, and hints of a developing sedentism in the latter part of the period (after ca. A.D. 500/600), subsistence strategies and the use of cultivated plants, their material culture (chipped and ground stone tools and the manufacture and use of ceramic …

Bibliography On Woodland And Caddo Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis And Petrographic Analysis Studies In East Texas, Northwest Louisiana, Eastern Oklahoma, And Southwest Arkansas, Timothy K. Perttula, Robert Z. Selden Jr.

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Characterizing the chemical and mineralogical composition of ceramic vessels and sherds from Woodland and Caddo sites by means of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) and petrographic analysis provides a unique opportunity to gather and investigate empirical evidence from ceramic vessels (and perhaps their contents?) on their trade and exchange at varying scales conducted by ancestral Caddo people with their neighbors, both near and far (i.e., other ancestral Caddo groups as well as non-Caddo communities). This evidence in turn can be used to explore changes in the nature of social and economic relationships between particular Caddo groups and other prehistoric populations. …

The Mcdonald Site: An Analysis Of Wpa Excavations At A Caddo Site In The Glover River Drainage, Mccurtain County, Oklahoma, Amanda L. Regnier

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between December 1941 and March 1942, the final federally-sponsored WPA excavations in Oklahoma were conducted at the McDonald site, located along the Glover River. Because federal funds for analysis dried up as the country entered into World War II, the recovered artifacts were never fully analyzed. Between 2008-2009, I analyzed the non-mortuary artifacts, which are curated at the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History (SNOMNH) in Norman, and conducted an analysis of recovered stone and ceramic artifacts. Using previously unknown information from a recently unearthed final WPA Quarterly report, in this article I describe excavations and present the results …

The Caddo Nation Begins To Reassemble, 1840-1851, Jim Tiller

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

In July 1835 the Caddo Nation, which at the time was comprised of approximately 500 individuals, sold their Louisiana homeland to the United States and returned to their villages in eastern Harrison County, Texas where they remained until the opening of the Republic of Texas Land Offices in February 1838. At that point, deluged by squatters and Republic surveyors, the Caddo abandoned their villages and migrated to the prairies of frontier Texas. Approximately one-third of the tribe (some 165 individuals) under Chief Tsauninot returned to Shreveport in late September 1838 to collect the annuity for that year as called for …

Documentary Evidence For The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Century Location Of The Adaes Indians, Darryl Pleaseant

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The location of the habitation sites of the Adaes Indians has not been thoroughly investigated by archaeologists and historians. Most researchers have placed Adaes habitation sites in the general vicinity of Los Adaes simply because the presidio and mission were named after the Adaes Indians. This paper will focus on historical documentation to provide a better understanding of the location of the habitation sites of the Adaes Indians during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The earliest accounts presented are narratives of travels along the Red River in the early 18th century. While they unfortunately have no definitive geographical data …

Data Recovery At 41mi96 In Mills County, Texas, J. Michael Quigg, Robert A. Ricklis, Paul M. Matchen, James T. Abbott

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Prehistoric site 41MI96 in Mills County, Texas was subjected to archeological data recovery excavations by staff archeologists from the Archeological Studies Program of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) in May 1999. This work followed an initial environmental review by TxDOT personnel that concluded that a proposed bridge replacement and associated realignment of a county road (CSJ: 0923- 23-011) had a high probability to impact previously unrecorded archeological sites. Subsequently, an archeological impact evaluation was conducted by TxDOT staff archeologists, under the direction of Dr. G. Lain Ellis. TxDOT investigations were conducted under Texas Antiquities Committee Permit No. 2193 to …

The San Antonio River Mammoth Site: Archaeological Testing Investigations For The Interstate 37 Bridge At The San Antonio River Improvement Project, Bexar County, Texas, Stephen M. Carpenter, C. Britt Bousman, Olga Potapova, Larry D. Agenbroad, J. Kevin Hanselka, Kevin A. Miller, Ken Lawrence, Christian T. Hartnett, John Lowe, Mercedes C. Cody, Leland Bement

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted test excavations on the San Antonio River Mammoth site (41BX1239) and 41BX1240 and surveys in the area of potential effects (APE) of the Interstate Highway (IH) 37 bridge project at the San Antonio River in southeastern Bexar County, Texas. Work was initiated to address the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (1966) as Amended and the Antiquities Code of Texas. The purpose of the investigations was to identify, delineate, and evaluate the significance of all archaeological and historic properties potentially affected by …

Data Recovery At The Hawkwind Site (41hs915) Harrison County, Texas, Linda W. Ellis, Robert Rogers, Candace Wallace, Damon Burden, Andrea Burden, Ardi Kalter, Michael Smith, Chris Heiligenstein

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Between August 9 and September 19, 2009, Atkins conducted data recovery operations at the Hawkwind site (41HS915) under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5356. Data recovery at the site was initiated as the location was subject to proposed highway improvements. The field effort included mechanical and manual unit excavation within a single 24-unit excavation block. Mechanical excavation was conducted with a Grade-All, and fill was passed through a motorized screening bucket affixed to a Bobcat Skid Steer Loader. Approximately 139 cubic meters (m3) of fill was removed in the excavation block during data recovery operations at site 41HS915. About 123 m3 …

The Siren Site And The Long Transition From Archaic To Late Prehistoric Lifeways On The Eastern Edwards Plateau Of Central Texas, Stephen M. Carpenter, Kevin A. Miller, Mary Jo Galindo, Brett A. Houk, Charles D. Frederick, Mercedes C. Cody, John Lowe, Ken Lawrence, Kevin Hanselka, Abby Peyton, Karen R. Adams, Leslie L. Bush, Linda Scott Cummings, Masahiro Kamiya, Walter E. Klippel, Dawn M. Marshall, Susan C. Mulholland, Timothy E. Riley, Laura Short, Jennifer A. Synstelein, Chad Yost

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

On behalf of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) conducted testing and data recovery investigations at the Siren site (41WM1126), a prehistoric multi-component site in the Interstate Highway 35 right-of-way along the South Fork of the San Gabriel River in Williamson County, Texas. The work was done to fulfill TxDOT’s compliance obligations under the National Historic Preservation Act and the Antiquities Code of Texas. The testing investigations were conducted under Antiquities Permit 3834, and the subsequent data recovery was under Permit 3938. Kevin Miller served as Principal Investigator on both permits. Though the site extends far …

Long View (41rb112): Data Recovery Of Two Plains Village Period Components In Roberts County, Texas, Volume 2, J. Michael Quigg, Paul M. Matchen, Charles D. Frederick, Robert A. Ricklis

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This archeological data recovery investigation in Roberts County in the northeastern panhandle of Texas was necessitated by the proposed widening of State Highway 70 (CSJ: 0490-04-037) by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Amarillo District. This proposed highway rehabilitation program will directly impact a roughly 10 meter (m, 30 ft.) wide north-south section of prehistoric site 41RB112, the Long View site. This site consists of two horizontally distinct Plains Village period occupations shallowly buried along a linear interfluvial ridge between two small tributary creeks to the Canadian River in the midslope of this broad, dissected valley.

This site was initially …

Changing Lifeways Along The Guadalupe Basin In South Texas: The Results Of National Register Testing Of A Stratified Multicomponent Prehistoric Site, 41dw277, Dewitt County, Texas, Mindy Bonine, Rachel Feit, Antonio E. Padilla, Robert Howells, Leslie L. Bush

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

AmaTerra Environmental (formerly Ecological Communications Corporation [EComm]) conducted archeological National Register eligibility testing at Site 41DW277 in December 2009. The site is located in the proposed right-of-way (ROW) for a new bridge along US 183 over the Guadalupe River, DeWitt County, Texas. Site 41DW277 was documented in 2009 by James Abbott and Allen Bettis of the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) and at the time of survey it was thought to be potentially eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or as a State Archeological Landmark (SAL). Due to expected impacts resulting from the proposed bridge …

Long View (41rb112): Data Recovery Of Two Plains Village Period Components In Roberts County, Texas, Volume 1, J. Michael Quigg, Paul M. Matchen, Charles D. Frederick, Robert A. Ricklis, Brittney Gregory, David Maki, Mark Bateman

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This archeological data recovery investigation in Roberts County in the northeastern panhandle of Texas was necessitated by the proposed widening of State Highway 70 (CSJ: 0490-04-037) by the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT), Amarillo District. This proposed highway rehabilitation program will directly impact a roughly 10 meter (m, 30 ft.) wide north-south section of prehistoric site 41RB112, the Long View site. This site consists of two horizontally distinct Plains Village period occupations shallowly buried along a linear interfluvial ridge between two small tributary creeks to the Canadian River in the midslope of this broad, dissected valley.

This site was initially …

Archeological Investigations At The Santa Maria Creek Site (41cw104) Caldwell County, Texas, Robert Rogers, Linda W. Ellis, Brandy Harris, Candace Wallace, Haley Rush, Julie Shipp, Marilyn Shoberg, Charles D. Frederick, Michael Glascock, Jeffrey R. Ferguson, Mary Malainey, Chris Heiligenstein, Michael Nash, Boyd Dixon, J. Phil Dering, Leslie L. Bush

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

The excavations by Atkins at the Santa Maria Creek site (41CW104) described in the following report have succeeded in bringing together a myriad of information regarding aboriginal occupations in eastern Central Texas at the dawn of the Historic period. The analysis of the materials recovered from National Register of Historic Places testing and data recovery has demonstrated that even a site buried in sandy, bioturbated sediments can still significantly add to the archeological record. This becomes even more important for areas such as Caldwell County, Texas, which have witnessed few such investigations. The report utilized a wide array of analytical …

Underwater Archaeology At 41hy147, The Terrace Locality At Spring Lake, Jon C. Lohse

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

Underwater investigations conducted at Spring Lake in the 1970s and 1980s by the late Dr. Joel Shiner contributed to our overall understanding of the archaeological record in Central Texas and its relationship to prehistory in North America. His work not only produced abundant evidence for early Paleoindian occupations associated with freshwater spring sites but also helped to demonstrate a nearly continuous sequence of occupation spanning more than 13,000 years, from Clovis times through the Spanish Colonial era and into the historic period. Using field notes and correspondences held in the records and collections repository at the Center for Archaeological Studies, …

Data Recovery And Analysis At The Texas State University Ticket Kiosk Project, Located At 41hy160, Spring Lake, Hays County, Texas, Jon C. Lohse, Amy E. Reid, David M. Yelacic, Cinda L. Timperley

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report describes the results of data recovery-level archaeological investigations carried out under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 5938 at State Antiquities Landmark 41HY160. The purpose of the project was to offset the impact to cultural deposits at the site stemming from the installation of service utilities for a new restroom facility and ticket kiosk at The Meadows Center for Water and the Environment, (formerly the River Systems Institute) at Texas State University-San Marcos (TxSt). Sponsored by TxSt, the Center for Archaeological Studies excavated a 1×2 meter unit and monitored construction activities. Resulting cultural materials and other archaeological evidence were analyzed …

Prehistoric Life Along The Banks Of Spring Lake: Results And Analysis Of The Southwest Texas State Field Schools (1996–1998) At 41hy165, San Marcos, Hays County, Texas, Carole A. Leezer

Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State

This report presents the results of archaeological investigations and subsequent analyses of archaeological site 41HY165, located along the banks of Spring Lake in Hays County, Texas. Excavations were conducted at 41HY165 during the 1996, 1997, and 1998 Southwest Texas State University (now Texas State University-San Marcos [Texas State]) field schools. As site 41HY165 was and still is located on property owned by Texas State (formerly Southwest Texas State University), investigations during the 1996–1998 field schools were subject to the Antiquities Code of Texas. Therefore, a Texas Antiquities Permit (Permit No. 1700) was issued by the Texas Historical Commission (THC) on …