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Articles 1 - 30 of 41
Full-Text Articles in Physics
Scattering Matrix Elements For The Nonadiabatic Collision B (2PJₐ) + H2 (1Σ+G, Ν, Ј) ↔ B (2PJ’ₐ) + H2 (1Σ+G, Ν’, J’)., Luke A. Barger
Scattering Matrix Elements For The Nonadiabatic Collision B (2PJₐ) + H2 (1Σ+G, Ν, Ј) ↔ B (2PJ’ₐ) + H2 (1Σ+G, Ν’, J’)., Luke A. Barger
Theses and Dissertations
Scattering matrix elements are calculated for the nonadiabatic inelastic collision B (2Pjₐ) + H2 (1Σ+g, ν, ј) ↔ B (2Pj’ₐ) + H2 (1Σ+g, ν’, j’). This calculation utilizes the effective potential energy surfaces for this collision generated by Garvin along with a correction to the asymptotic H2 potential. Wavepackets are propagated on these surfaces using a split-operator propagator. This propagation yields correlation functions between reactant and product Møller states which are used to calculate the scattering …
Tunable Optical Delay In Doppler-Broadened Cesium Vapor, Monte D. Anderson
Tunable Optical Delay In Doppler-Broadened Cesium Vapor, Monte D. Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
Variable-delay tunable optical delay line or optical buffers are critical for the development of all-optical networks components as well as interferometry and analytic instruments. Recent research on slow light may hold the key for the development of the first practical tunable optical delay device. In this research the linear dispersion delay effects in an alkali vapor. The hyperfine relaxation observations present insight into the complex bleach wave dynamics during a high-intensity pulsed pump in DPAL systems.
Comparison Of H-Alpha And H-Beta Temperature Indices In The Hyades And Coma Star Clusters And Selected H-Beta Standard Stars, Miriam Anne West
Comparison Of H-Alpha And H-Beta Temperature Indices In The Hyades And Coma Star Clusters And Selected H-Beta Standard Stars, Miriam Anne West
Theses and Dissertations
Using the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory's 1.2-m McKellar Telescope, we have obtained spectra on 81 stars from the Hyades Cluster, the Coma Cluster, and selected H-beta standard stars. These spectra cover from 4500 Å to 6900 Å which includes both the H-β and H-α absorption lines. The H-β absorption line has a long history of being used as a temperature index and more recently, calibration of an H-α index has been established for photometric observations. Through spectrophotometric comparison of temperature indices from the H-α and H-β absorption lines we find the expected strong correlation between photometric indices based on the strength …
Generalized Acoustic Energy Density And Its Applications, Buye Xu
Generalized Acoustic Energy Density And Its Applications, Buye Xu
Theses and Dissertations
The properties of acoustic kinetic energy density and total energy density of sound fields in lightly damped enclosures have been explored thoroughly in the literature. Their increased spatial uniformity makes them more favorable measurement quantities for various applications than acoustic potential energy density (or squared pressure), which is most often used. In this dissertation, a new acoustic energy quantity, the generalized acoustic energy density (GED), will be introduced. It is defined by introducing weighting factors, α and 1 − α, in the formulation of total acoustic energy density. With the additional degree of freedom, the GED can conform to the …
Collisional Dynamics Of The Cesium D1 And D2 Transitions, Greg A. Pitz
Collisional Dynamics Of The Cesium D1 And D2 Transitions, Greg A. Pitz
Theses and Dissertations
The collisional dynamics of the 62P levels in cesium have been studied utilizing steady state laser absorption and laser induced florescence techniques. In addition the production of a blue beam produced by two photon absorption has been observed in potassium. The collisional broadening rate for cesium, λL, for He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2, H2, HD, D2, CH4, C2H6, CF4, and 3He are 24.13, 10.85, 18.31, 17.82, 19.74, 16.64, 20.81, 20.06, 18.04, 29.00, 26.70, 18.84, and 26.00 MHz/torr, respectively for the …
Laser Demonstration And Performance Characterization Of An Optically Pumped Alkali Laser System, Clifford V. Sulham
Laser Demonstration And Performance Characterization Of An Optically Pumped Alkali Laser System, Clifford V. Sulham
Theses and Dissertations
Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers (DPALs) offer a promising approach for high power lasers in military applications that will not suffer from the long logistical trails of chemical lasers or the thermal management issues of diode pumped solid state lasers. This research focuses on characterizing a DPAL-type system to gain a better understanding of using this type of laser as a directed energy weapon. A rubidium laser operating at 795 nm is optically pumped by a pulsed titanium sapphire laser to investigate the dynamics of DPALs at pump intensities between 1.3 and 45 kW/cm2. Linear scaling as high as …
All Solid-State Mid-Ir Laser Development, Nonlinear Absorption Investigation And Laser-Induced Damage Study, Torrey J. Wagner
All Solid-State Mid-Ir Laser Development, Nonlinear Absorption Investigation And Laser-Induced Damage Study, Torrey J. Wagner
Theses and Dissertations
In this research, nonlinear optical absorption coefficients and laser-induced damage thresholds are measured in Ge and GaSb, which are materials that are used in IR detectors. Using a simultaneous fitting technique to extract nonlinear absorption coefficients from data at two pulse widths, two-photon and free-carrier absorption coefficients are measured in Ge and GaSb at 2.05 and 2.5 μm for the first time. At these wavelengths, nonlinear absorption is the primary damage mechanism, and damage thresholds at picosecond and nanosecond pulse widths were measured and agreed well with modeled thresholds using experimentally measured parameters. The damage threshold for a single-layer Al …
Acoustical Analysis Of A Horn-Loaded Compression Drivers Using Numerical Analysis, Daniel Ross Tengelsen
Acoustical Analysis Of A Horn-Loaded Compression Drivers Using Numerical Analysis, Daniel Ross Tengelsen
Theses and Dissertations
Two numerical techniques, the boundary-element method (BEM) and the finite-difference method (FDM), are used for simulating the radiation from horn-loaded compression drivers and from an infinitely-baffled, finite-length pipe. While computations of the horn-loaded compression driver are in steady state, transient analysis of the finite-length pipe is studied as a precursor to transient analysis within the horn-loaded compression driver. BEM numerical simulations show promise for the development of new designs. Numerical simulations serve as a good tool for time and cost-effective prototyping as poor designs are detected before they are built.
Temperature And Variability Of Three Ionian Volcanoes, Daniel R. Allen
Temperature And Variability Of Three Ionian Volcanoes, Daniel R. Allen
Theses and Dissertations
Cassini spacecraft images of Io obtained during its flyby of Jupiter in late 2000 and early 2001 were used to determine the lava composition and eruption style of three faint hotspots, Pillan, Wayland, and Loki. We found a maximum color temperature of 1130+/-289 K for Pillan and maximum color temperatures of 1297+/-289 K and 1387+/-287 K for Wayland and Loki, respectively. These temperatures are suggestive of basaltic lava. The temperatures with the best signal-to-noise ratios also suggested basaltic lava and were found to be 780+/-189 K, 1116+/-250 K, and 1017+/-177 K for Pillan, Wayland, and Loki, respectively. Pillan showed increased …
Prediction And Study Of Binary Alloys Using First-Principles Methods, Richard Hansen Taylor Ii
Prediction And Study Of Binary Alloys Using First-Principles Methods, Richard Hansen Taylor Ii
Theses and Dissertations
The utility of first-principles methods in the study and prediction of binary alloys is showcased by three detailed studies. In particular, the T = 0K cluster expansion methodology in conjunction with finite temperature statistical modeling by a Monte Carlo method is used to study two systems of practical interest, Mg-Li (magnesium-lithium) and Rh-W (rhodium-tungsten). Also, an empirically-informed, high-throughput approach to crystal structure prediction is shown by a study of the Pt$_8$Ti (the Pietrokowsky phase) phase and a broad and detailed analysis of binary Mg-X phases in 39 systems (X=Ag, Al, Au, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, Ga, Ge, Hf, Hg, In, …
Charged, Rotating Black Holes In Higher Dimensions, Christopher Bruce Verhaaren
Charged, Rotating Black Holes In Higher Dimensions, Christopher Bruce Verhaaren
Theses and Dissertations
We present a method for solving the Einstein-Maxwell equations in a five dimensional, asymptotically flat, black hole spacetime with three commuting Killing vector fields. In particular, we show that by reducing the dimension of the Einstein-Maxwell equations in a Kaluza-Klein like manner we can determine the components of the metric and vector potential which lie in the direction of the Killing vector fields. These components are determined by nine scalar fields each of which satisfy a partial differential equation in two variables. These equations take the form of an elliptic operator set equal to a nonlinear source. We find evidence …
Real-Space Approach To Time Dependent Current Density Functional Theory, Daniel S. Jensen
Real-Space Approach To Time Dependent Current Density Functional Theory, Daniel S. Jensen
Theses and Dissertations
A real-space time-domain calculation of the frequency-dependent dielectric constant of nonmetallic crystals is outlined and the integrals required for this calculation are computed. The outline is based on time dependent current density functional theory and is partially implemented in the ab initio density functional theory FIREBALL program. The addition of a vector potential to the Hamiltonian of the system is discussed as well as the need to include the current density in addition to the particle density. The derivation of gradient integrals within a localized atomic-like orbital basis is presented for use in constructing the current density. Due to the …
In Search Of Empty Places: Voids In The Distribution Of Galaxies, Brian K. Bucklein
In Search Of Empty Places: Voids In The Distribution Of Galaxies, Brian K. Bucklein
Theses and Dissertations
We investigate several techniques to identify voids in the galaxy distribution of matter in the universe. We utilize galaxy number counts as a function of apparent magnitude and Wolf plots to search a two- or three-dimensional data set in a pencil-beam fashion to locate voids within the field of view. The technique is able to distinguish between voids that represent simply a decrease in density as well as those that show a build up of galaxies on the front or back side of the void. This method turns out to be primarily useable only at relatively short range (out to …
Oh Megamasers In Merging Galaxies: A Multi-Frequency Study Of Iizw096, Kirstin Marie Cooprider
Oh Megamasers In Merging Galaxies: A Multi-Frequency Study Of Iizw096, Kirstin Marie Cooprider
Theses and Dissertations
OH Megamasers (OHMs) generally appear in luminous infrared regions i.e. merging galaxies. In this study we assume that OHMs may not be represented by their association with star formation solely, because of the possibility of a compact AGN source in the merging galaxies. In fact, previously classified starburst galaxies where OHMs are found are now optically observed as AGN. OHMs may also serve as a reasonable criterion for the evolutionary stage of the merger. This project focuses on observations from a multi-frequency analysis of merging regions with known OHMs. Optically, Hα and BVRI filters provided an environmental perspective of the …
Electronic Structure Of Lithium Tetraborate, David J. Wooten
Electronic Structure Of Lithium Tetraborate, David J. Wooten
Theses and Dissertations
Due to interest as neutron detection material, an investigation of Li2B4O7(110) and Li2B4O7(100) was undertaken, utilizing photoemission and inverse photoemission spectroscopic techniques. The measured band gap depended on crystallographic direction with the band gaps ranging from 8.9±0.5 eV to 10.1±0.5 eV. The measurement yielded a density of states that qualitatively agreed with the theoretical results from model bulk band structure calculations for Li2B4O7; albeit with a larger band gap than predicted, but consistent with the known deficiencies of LDA and DFT calculations. …
The Combined Effects Of Radio Frequency And Gamma Irradiation On P-Channel Mosfets, Joshua D. Daniel
The Combined Effects Of Radio Frequency And Gamma Irradiation On P-Channel Mosfets, Joshua D. Daniel
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this research was to investigate the combined effects of continuous gigahertz radio frequency signals and gamma irradiation on the threshold voltage of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors. The combined effects of gigahertz radio frequency waves and gamma irradiation on electronics presents a new challenge in electronic warfare and little is known of the combined effect on threshold voltage damage and recovery. The Fairchild NDS352AP, a commonly used commercial device, was irradiated by a cobalt-60 source under a +5 V bias with and without a radio frequency signal applied to the gate. The threshold voltage was measured …
Inhomogeneity-Induced Spin Current In Atomic And Condensed Matter Systems, Bailey Hsu
Inhomogeneity-Induced Spin Current In Atomic And Condensed Matter Systems, Bailey Hsu
Theses and Dissertations
I derive and apply quantum propagator techniques to atomic and condensed matter systems. I observe many interesting features by following the evolution of a wavepacket. In atomic systems, I revisit the Stern-Gerlach effect and study the spin dynamics inside an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The results I obtained are not exactly the same as the textbook description of the effect which is usually a manifestation of a perfect space and spin entanglement. This discovery can provide insight on more reliable quantum computation device designs. In condensed matter systems, the doping concentration inhomogeneity leads to the Rashba spin-orbit interaction. This makes it …
Thermodynamics Of Modified Theories Of Gravity, Aric Hackebill
Thermodynamics Of Modified Theories Of Gravity, Aric Hackebill
Theses and Dissertations
Einstein’s equations are derived by following Jacobson’s thermodynamic method. It is seen that a family of possible field equations exist which satisfy the thermodynamic argument. Modified theories of gravity are addressed as possible candidates for replacing dark matter as an explanation for anomalous cosmological phenomena. Many of the proposed modified theories are not powerful enough to explain the currently observed phenomena and are rejected as viable theories of gravity. A surviving candidate, TeVeS, is further analyzed under the aforementioned thermodynamic argument to check for its consistency with thermodynamics.
Theoretical Investigation Of The Structures And Stability Of Gas Phase Neutral And Cationic Tixoy Clusters., Baljeet Kaur
Theoretical Investigation Of The Structures And Stability Of Gas Phase Neutral And Cationic Tixoy Clusters., Baljeet Kaur
Theses and Dissertations
Theoretical investigation of the structure and stability of neutral and cationic TixOy cluster series (where y =2x-1, 2x, 2x+1) have been performed. The lowest lying structures for the neutral clusters are usually found in the singlet state. Generally, in bulk and in the case of the neutral TixOy clusters, the 2x cluster series is relatively more abundant than the 2x-1 and the 2x+1 cluster series. But in the case of cationic TixOy clusters, the 2x-1 series is more abundant. To understand the origin of the stability of the TixO2x-1+ clusters, we use density functional theory within the NRLMOL set of …
Local Charging Behavior On Gan Surfaces, Josephus Ferguson
Local Charging Behavior On Gan Surfaces, Josephus Ferguson
Theses and Dissertations
Gallium nitride is an important III-V semiconductor which is used in many optoelectronic and high-frequency devices. The nature of the GaN surface and its electrical characteristics can impact the performance of such devices. In this study, several GaN surfaces are locally charged using an atomic force microscope, and then subsequently studied by measuring the surface potential with scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM). The charging and discharging behavior of the surface appears to be strongly influenced by surface preparation and the presence of a surface oxide layer. If a substantial oxide layer exists, then both positive and negative charging is possible …
Scalar Waves In An Almost Cylindrical Spacetime, Joseph Gordon
Scalar Waves In An Almost Cylindrical Spacetime, Joseph Gordon
Theses and Dissertations
The scalar wave equation is investigated for a scalar field propagating in a spacetime background ds²=e^{2a}(-dt²+dr²)+R(e^{-2ψ}dφ²+e^{2ψ}dz²). The metric is compactified in the radial direction. The spacetime slices of constant φ and z are foliated into outgoing null hypersurfaces by the null coordinate transformation u=t-r. The scalar field imitates the amplitude behavior of a light ray, or a gravitational wave, traveling along a null hypersurface when the area function R is a constant or is a function of u. These choices for R restrict the gravitational wave factor ψ to being an arbitrary function of u.
Hard Collisions In Rubidium Using Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy, Douglas E. Thornton
Hard Collisions In Rubidium Using Sub-Doppler Spectroscopy, Douglas E. Thornton
Theses and Dissertations
To better understand the laser kinetics of an alkali gain medium, hard collisions, or velocity-changing collisions, has been studied and a velocity-changing collisional rate has been calculated. Previous works have studied these collisions, but no rate has been calculated. Using the precise tool of sub-Doppler spectroscopy, atomic hard collisions can be observed. The collected spectra are fitted with two different line shapes to demonstrate the accuracy of this method. From the fits, the number of hard collisions can be extracted. The time scale of the hard collisions in rubidium is interpolated by varying the chopping frequency of the pump beam, …
Mission Analysis And Design For Space Based Inter-Satellite Laser Power Beaming, Nicholas M. Keller
Mission Analysis And Design For Space Based Inter-Satellite Laser Power Beaming, Nicholas M. Keller
Theses and Dissertations
This research effort develops an interdisciplinary design tool to optimize an orbit for the purpose of wirelessly beaming power from the International Space Stations (ISS) Japanese Experimental Module Exposed Facility (JEM/EF) to a target satellite. For the purpose of this initiative, the target satellite will be referred to as FalconSAT6, a reference to the proposed follow-on satellite to the U.S. Air Force Academy’s (USAFA) FalconSAT5 program. The USAFA FalconSAT program provides cadets an opportunity to design, analyze, build, test and operate small satellites to conduct Department of Defense (DoD) space missions. The tool developed for this research is designed to …
Improving Low Order, Linear, Positive Spatial Quadratures For The Partial Current Neutron Transport Method, John M. Snyder
Improving Low Order, Linear, Positive Spatial Quadratures For The Partial Current Neutron Transport Method, John M. Snyder
Theses and Dissertations
AFIT researchers have developed a new approach to solving Discrete Ordinates equations, which approximate the linear Boltzmann Transport Equation (BTE). The usual approach is von Neumann iteration on the scattering source, which requires repeated sweeps through the spatial-angular grid. Acceptable convergence requires complicated and expensive acceleration schemes. The new approach, Partial-Current Transport (PCT) with Adaptive Distribution Iteration, eliminates scattering source iteration through matrix inversions and a reduced-size global linear algebra problem. It creates the needed matrices directly from the standard spatial quadratures used in the sweeping. Positivity, linearity, and (higher-than-first-order) accuracy are the key desirable qualities with all Discrete Ordinates …
Uncertainty Quantification Of Multi-Component Isotope-Separation Cascade Model, Khoi D. Tran
Uncertainty Quantification Of Multi-Component Isotope-Separation Cascade Model, Khoi D. Tran
Theses and Dissertations
Monte Carlo uncertainty quantification (UQ) capability has been added to a code for modeling multi-component steady-state isotope-separation enrichment cascades to characterize the propagation of uncertainties in input data that define the cascade and the feed. Random samples of error for every computational input are drawn from its individual uncertainty distribution and added to the inputs, creating a set of enrichment cascade problems with perturbed inputs. The set of problems is solved using the verified code. The cascade outputs are then characterized using the empirical cumulative distribution. The uncertainty output data are analyzed to gain new insights into the behaviors of …
Optical And Electrical Characterization Of Bulk Grown Indium-Gallium-Arsenide Alloys, Austin C. Bergstrom
Optical And Electrical Characterization Of Bulk Grown Indium-Gallium-Arsenide Alloys, Austin C. Bergstrom
Theses and Dissertations
Advances in crystal growth techniques have allowed increased quality in growth of bulk ternary InxGa1-xAs. Here, the optical and electrical properties of samples grown through the vertical Bridgman (or multi-component zone melting growth) method have been investigated through photoluminescence spectroscopy and Hall effect measurements. Indium mole fractions varied from 0.75 for 1. Hall effect measurements at temperatures ranging from 10 to 300 K revealed moderate n-type doping with carrier concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 9.6×1016 cm-3 at 10 to 15 K. Carriers from deep donor levels became appreciable between 50 and 100 K. Hall …
Three Dimensional Positron Annihilation Momentum Measurement Technique (3dpamm) Applied To Measure Oxygen-Atom Defects In 6h Silicon Carbide, Christopher S. Williams
Three Dimensional Positron Annihilation Momentum Measurement Technique (3dpamm) Applied To Measure Oxygen-Atom Defects In 6h Silicon Carbide, Christopher S. Williams
Theses and Dissertations
A three-dimensional Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy System (3DPASS) capable to simultaneously measure three-dimensional electron-positron (e--e+) momentum densities measuring photons derived from e--e+ annihilation events was designed and characterized. 3DPASS simultaneously collects a single data set of correlated energies and positions for two coincident annihilation photons using solid-state double-sided strip detectors (DSSD). Positions of photons were determined using an interpolation method which measures a figure-of-merit proportional to the areas of transient charges induced on both charge collection strips directly adjacent to the charge collection strips interacting with the annihilation photons. The subpixel resolution was measured for both double-sided strip detectors (DSSD) and …
Monocular Passive Ranging By An Optical System With Band Pass Filtering, Joel R. Anderson
Monocular Passive Ranging By An Optical System With Band Pass Filtering, Joel R. Anderson
Theses and Dissertations
An instrument for monocular passive ranging based on atmospheric oxygen absorption near 762 nm has been designed, built and deployed to track emissive targets, including the plumes from jet engines or rockets. An intensified CCD array is coupled to variable band pass liquid crystal display filter and 3.5 – 8.8 degree field of view optics to observe the target. By recording sequential images at 7 Hz in three 6 nm width bands, the transmittance of the R-branch of the O2 (X-b) (0,0) band is determined. A metric curve for determining range from transmittance is developed using the HITRAN spectral …
Numerical Investigation Of Statistical Turbulence Effects On Beam Propagation Through 2-D Shear Mixing Layer, James C. Bowers
Numerical Investigation Of Statistical Turbulence Effects On Beam Propagation Through 2-D Shear Mixing Layer, James C. Bowers
Theses and Dissertations
A methodology is developed for determining the validity of making a statistical turbulent approach using Kolmogorov theory to an aero-optical turbulent ow. Kolmogorov theory provides a stochastic method that has a greatly simplified and robust method for calculating atmospheric turbulence effects on optical beam propagation, which could simplify similar approaches to chaotic aero-optical flows. A 2-D laminar Navier-Stokes CFD Solver (AVUS) is run over a splitter plate type geometry to create an aero-optical like shear mixing layer turbulence field. A Matlab algorithm is developed to import the flow data and calculates the structure functions, structure constant, and Fried Parameter ( …
Time Dependent Channel Packet Calculation Of Two Nucleon Scattering Matrix Elements, Brian S. Davis
Time Dependent Channel Packet Calculation Of Two Nucleon Scattering Matrix Elements, Brian S. Davis
Theses and Dissertations
A new approach to calculating nucleon-nucleon scattering matrix elements using a proven atomic time-dependent wave packet technique is investigated. Wave packets containing centripetal barrier information are prepared in close proximity to nuclear well. This is accomplished by first using an analytic equation to determine the wave packets in a suitable intermediate asymptotic state where the centripetal barrier is negligible. Then, the split operator technique is used to propagate the wave packets back to their original positions under the full Hamiltonian. Here, one wave packet is held stationary while the other is allowed to evolve and explore the nuclear well. Scattering …