Physics Commons^™

Domain-Wall Tunneling Electroresistance Effect, M. Li, L. L. Tao, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) utilizing an in-plane head-to-head ferroelectric domain wall (DW) have recently been realized, showing interesting physics and new functionalities. However, the DW state in these junctions was found to be metastable and not reversible after applying an electric field. In this work, we demonstrate that a stable and reversible head-to-head DW state can be achieved in FTJs by proper engineering of polar interfaces. Using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and phenomenological modeling, we explore the DW stability by varying stoichiometry of the La_1−xSr_xO=TiO₂ interfaces in FTJs with La_0.5Sr_{0.5 …}

Search For Physics Beyond The Standard Model In Events With Overlapping Photons And Jets, A. M. Sirunyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Results are reported from a search for new particles that decay into a photon and two gluons, in events with jets. Novel jet substructure techniques are developed that allow photons to be identified in an environment densely populated with hadrons. The analyzed proton-proton collision data were collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in 2016 at √s = 13 TeV, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb⁻¹. The spectra of total transverse hadronic energy of candidate events are examined for deviations from the standard model predictions. No statistically significant excess is observed over the expected …

Growth And Characterization Of Organic Ferroelectric And Magnetic Thin Films, Xuanyuan Jiang

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Compared to inorganic materials, organic materials are environmentally friendly, flexible, and often with low cost. Inspired by these advantages, organic materials-based electronics have been intensively studied for comparable or better functionalities to inorganic electronics.

This dissertation mainly focuses on the growth and characterizations of organic ferroelectrics and magnetic thin films. For organic ferroelectrics, we investigate the growth and ferroelectric measurements of thin film croconic acid (CA), a proton-transfer molecular ferroelectric (FE) material with a large spontaneous polarization and a small coercive field, as well as the origin of ferroelectricity in CA in terms of the photostriction effect, including the discovery …

Search For Low-Mass Quark-Antiquark Resonances Produced In Association With A Photon At √S =13 Tev, A. M. Sirunyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

A search for narrow low-mass resonances decaying to quark-antiquark pairs is presented. The search is based on proton-proton collision events collected at 13 TeV by the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb⁻¹, recorded in 2016. The search considers the case where the resonance has high transverse momentum due to initial-state radiation of a hard photon. To study this process, the decay products of the resonance are reconstructed as a single large-radius jet with two-pronged substructure. The signal would be identified as a localized excess in the jet …

Measurement Of The Production Cross Section Of Four Top Quarks In Proton-Proton Collisions At 13 Tev, Caleb Fangmeier

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The field of particle physics involves not only searches for new particles and measurements of their interactions, but also the design and construction of advanced particle detectors. This thesis presents the measurement of the production cross section of four top quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV using 137 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. This analysis considers events in the final state of a same-sign pair of leptons, notable for being a final state with relatively few Standard Model background events. A boosted decision tree is utilized to discriminate …

Improvement For Generating High-Order Harmonics And Attosecond Pulses With Ultrashort Laser Fields, Dian Peng

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Nonlinear processes of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) produced by ultrashort few-cycle laser pulses possess interesting features which HHG produced by long pulses of many cycles may not have. First, HHG spectra produced by ultrashort pulses are extremely sensitive to the driving pulse waveform, which can be controlled by laser parameters such as carrier-envelope phases (CEPs), time delays or frequency chirps. Second, HHG spectra produced by ultrashort pulses can exhibit broad uneven peaks which are different from usual odd-ordered harmonic peaks that long pulses produce.

Based on the high sensitivity on pulse waveform of HHG spectra produced by ultrashort pulses, we …

Two-Dimensional Spin-Valley Locking Spin Valve, L. L. Tao, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Valleytronics is an emerging field of research which employs energy valleys in the band structure of two-dimensional (2D) electronic materials to encode information. A special interest has been triggered by the associated spin-valley coupling which reveals rich fundamental physics and enables new functionalities. Here, we propose exploiting the spin-valley locking in 2D materials with a large spin-orbit coupling and electric-field reversible valley spin polarization, such as germanene, stanene, a 1T' transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayer, and a 2H-TMDC bilayer, to realize a valley spin valve (VSV). The valley spin polarization in these materials can be switched by …

Search For A Light Charged Higgs Boson Decaying To A W Boson And A Cp-Odd Higgs Boson In Final States With Eμμ Or Μμμ In Proton-Proton Collisions At √S =13 Tev, A. M. Sirunyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

A search for a light charged Higgs boson (H⁺) decaying to a W boson and a CP-odd Higgs boson (A) in final states with eμμ or μμμ is performed using data from pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV, recorded by the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb⁻¹. In this search, it is assumed that the H⁺ boson is produced in decays of top quarks, and the A boson decays to two oppositely charged muons. The presence of signals for H⁺ boson masses …

Obituary: Anthony Starace (1945-2019)

Anthony F. Starace Publications

Anthony Starace, George Holmes University Professor of physics, died Sept. 5 from complications related to pancreatitis. He was 74.

Starace was born July 24, 1945, in the Queens borough of New York City. He graduated from Stuyvesant High School and earned his bachelor’s degree from Columbia University in 1966 before moving west to the University of Chicago, where he earned his doctorate under adviser Ugo Fano in 1971. It was in Chicago that he met Katherine Fritz of Beatrice, Nebraska, his wife of 51 years.

Following a postdoctoral appointment at Imperial College London, Starace moved to Lincoln as an assistant …

Generation And Stability Of Structurally Imprinted Target Skyrmions In Magnetic Multilayers, Noah Kent, Robert Streubel, Charles Henri Lambert, Alejandro Ceballos, Soong Gun Je, Scott Dhuey, Mi Young Im, Felix Büttner, Frances Hellman, Sayeef Salahuddin, Peter Fischer

Robert Streubel Papers

Target Skyrmions (TSks) are extended topological spin textures with a constant chirality where the rotation of the z component of the magnetization is larger than π. TSks have topological charge 1 or 0, if the z component of the magnetization Mz goes through a rotation of nπwhere n is an odd or even integer, respectively. TSks with a rotation of the z component of up to 4πhave been imaged via high spatial resolution element-specific X-ray imaging. The TSks were generated by weakly coupling 30 nm thin Permalloy (Ni80Fe20, PY) disks with a 1 μm diameter to asymmetric (Ir 1 nm/Co …

Femtosecond Gas-Phase Mega-Electron-Volt Ultrafast Electron Diffraction, Xiaozhe Shen, J. P.F. Nunes, J. Yang, R. K. Jobe, R. K. Li, Ming Fu Lin, B. Moore, M. Niebuhr, S. P. Weathersby, T. J.A. Wolf, C. Yoneda, Markus Guehr, Martin Centurion, X. J. Wang

Martin Centurion Publications

The development of ultrafast gas electron diffraction with nonrelativistic electrons has enabled the determination of molecular structures with atomic spatial resolution. It has, however, been challenging to break the picosecond temporal resolution barrier and achieve the goal that has long been envisioned - making space- and-time resolved molecular movies of chemical reaction in the gas-phase. Recently, an ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) apparatus using mega-electron-volt (MeV) electrons was developed at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory for imaging ultrafast structural dynamics of molecules in the gas phase. The SLAC gas-phase MeV UED has achieved 65 fs root mean square temporal resolution, 0.63 …

Tunneling Anisotropic Magnetoresistance In Ferroelectric Tunnel Junctions, Artem Alexandrov, M. Ye. Zhuravlev, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

Using a simple quantum-mechanical model, we explore a tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance (TAMR) effect in ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJs) with a ferromagnetic electrode and a ferroelectric barrier layer, where spontaneous polarization gives rise to the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling (SOC). For realistic parameters of the model, we predict sizable TAMR measurable experimentally. For asymmetric FTJs, whose electrodes have different work functions, the built-in electric field affects the SOC parameters and leads to TAMR being dependent on the ferroelectric polarization direction. The SOC change with polarization switching affects tunneling conductance, revealing an alternative mechanism of tunneling electroresistance. These results demonstrate alternative …

Magnetoelectric Effect At The Ni/Hfo2 Interface Induced By Ferroelectric Polarization, Qiong Yang, Lingling Tao, Zhen Jiang, Yichun Zhou, Evgeny Tsymbal, Vitaly Alexandrov

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

Driven by the technological importance of the recently discovered ferroelectric HfO₂, we explore a magnetoelectric effect at the HfO₂-based ferroelectric-ferromagnetic interface. Using density-functionaltheory calculations of the Ni/HfO₂/Ni (001) heterostructure as a model system, we predict a stable and sizable ferroelectric polarization in a few-nm-thick HfO₂ layer. For the Ni/HfO₂ interface with opposite polarization directions (pointing to or away from the interface), we find a sizable difference in the interfacial Ni—O bonding, resulting in dissimilar degrees of depletion of the electron density around the interface. The latter affects the relative population of the …

Roadmap On Photonic, Electronic And Atomic Collision Physics: Ii. Electron And Antimatter Interactions, Stefan Schippers, Emma Sokell, Friedrich Aumayr, Hossein Sadeghpour, Kiyoshi Ueda, Igor Bray, Klaus Bartschat, Andrew Murray, Jonathan Tennyson, Alexander Dorn, Masakazu Yamazaki, Masahiko Takahashi, Nigel Mason, Oldřich Novotný, Andreas Wolf, Leon Sanche, Martin Centurion, Yasunori Yamazaki, Gaetana Laricchia, Clifford M. Surko, James Sullivan, Gleb Gribakin, Daniel Wolf Savin, Yuri Ralchenko, Ronnie Hoekstra, Gerry O'Sullivan

Martin Centurion Publications

We publish three Roadmaps on photonic, electronic and atomic collision physics in order to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the ICPEAC conference. In Roadmap II we focus on electron and antimatter interactions. Modern theoretical and experimental approaches provide detailed insight into the many body quantum dynamics of leptonic collisions with targets of varying complexity ranging from neutral and charged atoms to large biomolecules and clusters. These developments have been driven by technological progress and by the needs of adjacent areas of science such as astrophysics, plasma physics and radiation biophysics. This Roadmap aims at looking back along the road, explaining …

Diffractive Imaging Of Dissociation And Ground-State Dynamics In A Complex Molecule, Kyle J. Wilkin, Robert M. Parrish, Jie Yang, Thomas J.A. Wolf, J. Pedro F. Nunes, Markus Guehr, Renkai Li, Xiaozhe Shen, Qiang Zheng, Xijie Wang, Todd J. Martinez, Martin Centurion

Martin Centurion Publications

We have investigated the structural dynamics in photoexcited 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane molecules (C₂F₄I₂) in the gas phase experimentally using ultrafast electron diffraction and theoretically using FOMO-CASCI excited-state dynamics simulations. The molecules are excited by an ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse to a state characterized by a transition from the iodine 5p orbital to a mixed 5p||σ hole and CF₂• antibonding orbital, which results in the cleavage of one of the carbon-iodine bonds. We have observed, with sub-Angstrom resolution, the motion of the nuclear wave packet of the dissociating iodine atom followed by …

Diffractive Imaging Of Dissociation And Ground-State Dynamics In A Complex Molecule, Kyle J. Wilkin, Robert M. Parrish, Jie Yang, Thomas J. A. Wolf, J. Pedro F. Nunes, Markus Guehr, Renkai Li, Xiaozhe Shen, Qiang Zheng, Xijie Wang, Todd J. Martinez, Martin Centurion

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We have investigated the structural dynamics in photoexcited 1,2-diiodotetrafluoroethane molecules (C₂F₄I₂ ) in the gas phase experimentally using ultrafast electron diffraction and theoretically using FOMO-CASCI excited-state dynamics simulations. The molecules are excited by an ultraviolet femtosecond laser pulse to a state characterized by a transition from the iodine 5p⊥ orbital to a mixed 5p ‖ σ hole and CF^•₂ antibonding orbital, which results in the cleavage of one of the carbon-iodine bonds. We have observed, with sub-Angstrom resolution, the motion of the nuclear wave packet of the dissociating iodine atom followed …

Computational Studies Of Thermal Properties And Desalination Performance Of Low-Dimensional Materials, Yang Hong

Department of Chemistry: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

During the last 30 years, microelectronic devices have been continuously designed and developed with smaller size and yet more functionalities. Today, hundreds of millions of transistors and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor cells can be designed and integrated on a single microchip through 3D packaging and chip stacking technology. A large amount of heat will be generated in a limited space during the operation of microchips. Moreover, there is a high possibility of hot spots due to non-uniform integrated circuit design patterns as some core parts of a microchip work harder than other memory parts. This issue becomes acute as stacked microchips get …

Magneto - Electric Logic Devices Using Semiconductor Channel With Large Spin - Orbit Coupling, Dmitri E. Nikonov, Christian H. Binek, Xia Hong, Jonathan P. Bird, Kang L. Wang, Peter L. Dowben

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Antiferromagnetic magneto - electric spin - orbit read ( AF SOR ) logic devices are presented . The devices include a voltage - controlled magnetoelectric ( ME ) layer that switches polarization in response to an electric field from the applied voltage and a narrow channel conductor of a spin - orbit coupling ( SOC ) material on the ME layer . One or more sources and one or more drains , each optionally formed of ferromagnetic material , are provided on the SOC material .

Resonance Electron Interaction With Five-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds: Vibrational Feshbach Resonances And Hydrogen-Atom Stripping, Stanislav A. Pshenichnyuk, Ilya I. Fabrikant, Alberto Modelli, Sylwia Ptasińska, Alexei S. Komolov

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Low-energy (0–15 eV) resonance electron attachment to a series of five-membered heterocyclic rings (isoxazole, imidazole, pyrazole, pyrrole, 1-methyl-, and 2-methylimidazole) is studied under gas-phase conditions by means of electron transmission spectroscopy and dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy (DEAS). Experimental spectral features are assigned on the basis of Hartree-Fock and density functional theory calculations. Sharp features, with a width of less than 0.1 eV, observed in the electron transmission spectra of imidazole, pyrazole, and pyrrole close to 0.45 eV, i.e., well below the energy of their lowest-lying π^∗ shape resonances detected at 1.90, 1.87, and 2.33 eV, respectively, are associated with …

Reconfigurable Ferromagnetic Liquid Droplets, Xubo Liu, Noah Kent, Alejandro Ceballos, Robert Streubel, Yufeng Jiang, Yu Chai, Paul Y. Kim, Joe Forth, Frances Hellman, Shaowei Shi, Dong Wang, Brett A. Helms, Paul D. Ashby, Peter Fischer, Thomas P. Russell

Robert Streubel Papers

Solid ferromagnetic materials are rigid in shape and cannot be reconfigured. Ferrofluids, although reconfigurable, are paramagnetic at room temperature and lose their magnetization when the applied magnetic field is removed. Here, we show a reversible paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic transformation of ferrofluid droplets by the jamming of a monolayer of magnetic nanoparticles assembled at the water-oil interface. These ferromagnetic liquid droplets exhibit a finite coercivity and remanent magnetization. They can be easily reconfigured into different shapes while preserving themagnetic properties of solid ferromagnets with classic north-south dipole interactions. Their translational and rotational motions can be actuated remotely and precisely by an external magnetic …

Anisotropy And Orbital Moment In Sm-Co Permanent Magnets, Bhaskar Das, Renu Choudhary, Ralph Skomski, Balamurugan Balasubramanian, Arjun K. Pathak, Durga Paudyal, David J. Sellmyer

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Structural and magnetic properties of iron-free and iron-substituted SmCo₅ have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. The nanocrystalline ribbons of SmCo_5−xFe_x (0 [] x [] 2), which were produced by rapid solidification, crystallize in the hexagonal CaCu₅ structure for x [] 0.75. Small Fe additions (x = 0.25) substantially improve the coercivity, from 0.45 to 2.70 T, which we interpret as combined intrinsic and extrinsic effect. Most of our findings are consistent with past samarium-cobalt research, but some are at odds with findings that have seemingly been well established through decades of rare-earth transition-metal research. In …

Search For Resonant Double Higgs Production With Bbzz Decays In The Bbℓℓνν Final State In Pp Collisions At √S = 13 Tev, Rami Kamalieddin

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012 by the ATLAS and CMS experiments, most of the quantum mechanical properties that describe the long-awaited Higgs boson have been measured. Due to the outstanding work of the LHC, over a hundred of fb⁻¹ of proton collisions data have been delivered to both experiments. Finally, it became sensible for analyses teams to start working with a very low cross section processes involving the Higgs boson, e.g., a recent success in observing ttH and VHbb processes. One of the main remaining untouched topics is a double Higgs boson production. However, an …

Studies Of Beauty Suppression Via Nonprompt D0 Mesons In Pb-Pb Collisions At √SNn =5.02 Tev, A. M. Sirunyan

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

The transverse momentum spectra of D⁰ mesons from b hadron decays are measured at midrapidity (|y| < 1) in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center of mass energy of 5.02 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The D0 mesons from b hadron decays are distinguished from prompt D⁰ mesons by their decay topologies. In Pb-Pb collisions, the B → D⁰ yield is found to be suppressed in the measured p_T range from 2 to 100 GeV=c as compared to pp collisions. The suppression is weaker than that of prompt D⁰ mesons and charged hadrons …

A Room-Temperature Ferroelectric Semimetal, Pankaj Sharma, Fei-Xiang Xiang, Ding-Fu Shao, Dawei Zhang, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Alex R. Hamilton, Jan Seidel

Evgeny Tsymbal Publications

Coexistence of reversible polar distortions and metallicity leading to a ferroelectric metal, first suggested by Anderson and Blount in 1965, has so far remained elusive. Electrically switchable intrinsic electric polarization, together with the direct observation of ferroelectric domains, has not yet been realized in a bulk crystalline metal, although incomplete screening by mobile conduction charges should, in principle, be possible. Here, we provide evidence that native metallicity and ferroelectricity coexist in bulk crystalline van der Waals WTe2 by means of electrical transport, nanoscale piezoresponse measurements, and first-principles calculations. We show that, despite being a Weyl semimetal, WTe2 has switchable spontaneous …

Classical Theory Of Laser-Assisted Spontaneous Bremsstrahlung, H. B. Ambalampitiya, Ilya I. Fabrikant

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

We study the process of laser-assisted spontaneous electron bremsstrahlung by running classical trajectories in a combined Coulomb and laser (ac) fields. Due to chaotic scattering in the combined Coulomb and ac fields, the radiation probability as a function of the impact parameter and the constant phase of the laser field exhibits fractal structures. However, these structures are smeared out when the cross section is integrated over the impact parameter and averaged over the phase. We analyze the role of different types of orbits, including the trapped orbits, and the dependence of the radiation probability on the impact parameter and the …

Ambient Conditions Disordered-Ordered Phase Transition Of Two-Dimensional Interfacial Water Molecules Dependent On Charge Dipole Moment, Chunlei Wang, Chonghai Qi, Yusong Tu, Xuechuan Nie, Shanshan Liang

Department of Physics and Astronomy: Faculty Publications

Phase transitions of water molecules are commonly expected to occur only under extreme conditions, such as nanoconfinement, high pressure, or low temperature. We herein report the disordered-ordered phase transition of two-dimensional interfacial water molecules under ambient conditions using molecular-dynamics simulations. This phase transition is greatly dependent on the charge dipole moment, production of both charge values, and the dipole length of the solid surface. The phase transition can be identified by a sharp change in water-water interaction energies and the order parameters of the two-dimensional interfacial water monolayer, under a tiny dipole moment change near the critical dipole moment. The …

Dielectric Function Tensor (1.5 Ev To 9.0 Ev), Anisotropy, And Band To Band Transitions Of Monoclinic Β-(AlXGa1–X)2O3 (X ≤ 0.21) Films, Matthew Hilfiker, Ufuk Kilic, Alyssa Mock, Vanya Darakchieva, Sean Knight, Rafal Korlacki, Akhil Mauze, Yuewei Zhang, James Speck, Mathias Schubert

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering: Faculty Publications

A set of monoclinic β-(Al_xGa_1–x)₂O₃ films coherently grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy onto (010)-oriented β-Ga₂O₃ substrates for compositions x ≤ 0.21 is investigated by generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry at room temperature in the spectral range of 1.5 eV–9.0 eV. We present the composition dependence of the excitonic and band to band transition energy parameters using a previously described eigendielectric summation approach for β-Ga₂O₃ from the study by Mock et al. All energies shift to a shorter wavelength with the increasing Al content in …

Voltage Controlled Magnetism In Cr2o3 Based All-Thin-Film Systems, Junlei Wang, Will Echtenkamp, Ather Mahmood, Christian Binek

Christian Binek Publications

Voltage-control of exchange biases through active selection of distinct domain states of the magnetoelectric and antiferromagnetic pinning layer is demonstrated for Cr2O3/CoPd heterostructures. Progress and obstacles towards an isothermal switching of exchange bias are discussed. An alternative approach avoiding exchange bias for voltage-controlled memory exploits boundary magnetization at the surface of Cr2O3 as voltage-controlled state variable. We demonstrate readout and switching of boundary magnetization in ultra-thin Cr2O3/Pt Hall bar devices where reversal of boundary magnetization is achieved via magnetoelectric annealing with simultaneously applied ±0.5 V and 400 mT electric and magnetic fields.

Performance Of Plastic Electron Optics Components Fabricated Using A 3d Printer, Phillip Wiebe, Peter Beierle, Hua-Chieh Shao, Bret Gergely, Anthony F. Starace, Herman Batelaan

Anthony F. Starace Publications

We show images produced by an electron beam deflector, a quadrupole lens and a einzel lens fabricated from conducting and non-conducting plastic using a 3D printer. Despite the difficulties associated with the use of plastics in vacuum, such as outgassing, poor conductivity, and print defects, the devices were used successfully in vacuum to steer, stretch and focus electron beams to millimeter diameters. Simulations indicate that much smaller focus spot sizes might be possible for such 3D-printed plastic electron lenses taking into account some possible surface defects. This work was motivated by our need to place electron optical components in difficult-to-access …

New Heusler Compounds In Ni-Mn-In And Ni-Mn-Sn Alloys, Xingzhong Li, W.-Y. Zhang, Shah R. Valloppilly, David J. Sellmyer

Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience: Faculty Publications

Rapidly quenched ternary Ni-Mn-T (T = In, Sn) alloys exhibit features associated with magnetic skyrmions, so that XRD, TEM, EDS, SAED and HREM investigations were carried out for structural characterization on the two alloy systems. In this paper, we report a new type of Mn-rich Heusler compound with a cubic unit cell, a = 0.9150 nm in Ni-Mn-In and a = 0.9051 nm in Ni-Mn-Sn, which coexist with a Ni-rich full-Heusler compound with defects, a = 0.6094 nm in Ni-Mn-In and a = 0.6034 nm in Ni-Mn-Sn. A further analysis of the experimental results reveals a close structural relationship between …