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1992

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Full-Text Articles in Physics

Remote Sensing Of Turbulence And Transverse Atmospheric Wind Profiles Using Optical Reference Sources, Steven C. Koeffler Dec 1992

Remote Sensing Of Turbulence And Transverse Atmospheric Wind Profiles Using Optical Reference Sources, Steven C. Koeffler

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis examines a remote sensing technique for measuring the atmospheric structure constant and the transverse atmospheric wind velocity as a function of altitude by performing temporal and spatial correlations of band pass filtered wave front slope sensor measurements. Two point sources are used to illuminate two pairs-of cc>-located wave front slope sensors. The sources and sensors are arranged to give rise to crossed optical paths. For each pair of wave front slope sensors, the output of the larger sensor is subtracted from the output of the smaller sensor. This band pass filters the smaller sensor's output. The filtered …

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Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy Of Zinc Germanium Phosphide Zngep2, Michael R. Gregg Dec 1992

Cathodoluminescence Spectroscopy Of Zinc Germanium Phosphide Zngep2, Michael R. Gregg

Theses and Dissertations

Zinc Germanium Phosphide (ZnGeP2) is a nonlinear semiconductor suitable for use as a laser tuning element over the two to six micron wavelength range. Although this crystal has been studied in the past, its luminescent properties are not yet well understood. In this present study, ZnGeP2 has been examined using cathodoluminescence spectroscopy (CL). Specifically, the spectral dependence of the CL was obtained as a function of electron beam energy, beam current and temperature. The resulting CL was found to be polarized with a peak structure that was dependent on the polarization. This peak structure observed by CL …

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Object Tracking Through Adaptive Correlation, Dennis A. Montera Dec 1992

Object Tracking Through Adaptive Correlation, Dennis A. Montera

Theses and Dissertations

This paper discusses the use of a correlation based system to track, an object through a series of images based on templates derived from previous image frames. The ability to track is extended to sequences which include multiple objects of interest within the field of view. This is accomplishes by comparing the height and shape of the template autocorrelation to the peaks in the correlation of the template with the next scene. The result is to identify the region in the next scene which best matches the designated target. In addition to correlation plane postprocessing, an adaptive window is used …

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Design And Characterization Of Optically Pumped Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, Richard J. Bagnell Dec 1992

Design And Characterization Of Optically Pumped Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers, Richard J. Bagnell

Theses and Dissertations

Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) are a form of semiconductor laser which have their cavity oriented orthogonally to the plane of the wafer. The orientation necessitates short cavities, highly reflective mirrors and a relatively high gain/loss ratio. Even so, the resultant superior exit beam characteristics and the tight packing density of the finished lasers provide strong motivation for pursuing the growth of these structures. This thesis details the design of an optically pumped InGaAs multiple quantum well periodic gain structure VCSEL with a 950 nm lasing wavelength. These growths were to be a first attempt at VCSEL construction, so …

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Optical Haar Wavelet Transforms Using Computer Generated Holography, Peter G. Block Dec 1992

Optical Haar Wavelet Transforms Using Computer Generated Holography, Peter G. Block

Theses and Dissertations

This research introduces an optical implementation of the continuous wavelet transform to filter images. The wavelet transform is modeled as a correlation process and is implemented with a Vander Lugt correlator. The orthonormal basis set used is composed of two one-dimensional Haar functions and a two-dimensional Haar function. Each wavelet, as well as its first two dyadic scalings, is implemented with computer generated holography. The Interferogram method, which represents a function only in terms of its phase, is used to encode the wavelet functions. The results are imaged onto a CCD array and captured using a framegrabber. The optical results …

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Processability Of Polythiophene Thin Films By Ultraviolet Photo Bleaching, Derek D. Fletcher Dec 1992

Processability Of Polythiophene Thin Films By Ultraviolet Photo Bleaching, Derek D. Fletcher

Theses and Dissertations

Materials possessing strong 𝜒(3) optical properties such as Polythiophene are sought for the production of optical switches. Polythiophene thin films produced by plasma enhanced CVD show a surface rms roughness of 10-15 angstroms over single square micron areas which is acceptable for wave guiding in the near IR. This research investigates permanently changing the optical properties of such a thin film by exposure to UV radiation (254 nm, 35 mW/cm2), known as photo bleaching, in hope of creating a refractive index boundary for use in total internal reflection. After 60 minutes exposure the refractive index shows …

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The Effect Of An Adaptive Optical System's Spatio-Temporal Response On Imaging Performance, Patrick M. Harrington Dec 1992

The Effect Of An Adaptive Optical System's Spatio-Temporal Response On Imaging Performance, Patrick M. Harrington

Theses and Dissertations

Ideally, an adaptive optical control system would have instantaneous temporal response and infinite spatial bandwidth. In real systems, the response time of the adaptive optical control system is limited by the integration time of the wave front sensor, the computational time of the control algorithm, and the actuator response time. Additionally, finite inter actuator spacing limits the deformable mirror's ability to reproduce spatial frequencies having a period less than twice this spacing. Although analyses general enough to account for both the temporal and spatial characteristics of the adaptive optical system exist, they are complex and require detailed information regarding the …

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Optimal Control Of The Starfire Beam Director, Troy V. Lanier Dec 1992

Optimal Control Of The Starfire Beam Director, Troy V. Lanier

Theses and Dissertations

The Starfire Beam Director (SBD) is located at the Starfire Optical Range at Kirtland Air Force Base in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The SBD capabilities include tracking celestial objects and active or passive tracking of artificial satellites to support the Phillips Laboratory Ground Based Laser Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing (GBL ATP) program. The pointing and tracking accuracy needed to support such experiments is micron rad to sub-grad level. To accomplish this goal requires precise pointing of the massive 6 ton 1 -meter clear aperture coelostat. The purpose of this thesis is to use optimal control design techniques to develop a controller …

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Interaction Of Profiled Light With Contrapropagating Acoustic Waves: Fourier Transform Approach, Partha P. Banerjee, Chen-Wen Tarn, Jaw-Jueh Liu Oct 1992

Interaction Of Profiled Light With Contrapropagating Acoustic Waves: Fourier Transform Approach, Partha P. Banerjee, Chen-Wen Tarn, Jaw-Jueh Liu

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A straightforward Fourier-transform approach is employed to investigate acousto-optic interaction between an input optical beam with arbitrary profile and contrapropagating cw sound in the Bragg regime. The process can be analyzed in terms of the simultaneous scattering of light by the two sound waves in the interaction region. Analytic expressions for the equivalent transfer functions are obtained and the scattered light profiles are plotted.

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The Effect Of Contacts On The Performance Of Electron-Beam Controlled Gaas And Diamond Switches, Michael Kevin Kennedy Oct 1992

The Effect Of Contacts On The Performance Of Electron-Beam Controlled Gaas And Diamond Switches, Michael Kevin Kennedy

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

The performance of GaAs and diamond as electron-beam controlled closing and opening switches has been studied. An emphasis has been placed on the effect of contacts on the current-voltage characteristics. The two materials studied were GaAs and diamond. Using the same semi-insulating GaAs wafer as a source of material, a bulk device and a p-i-n device have been fabricated and compared. The asymmetry of the pin diode allows operation at higher voltage because of the ability to suppress the lock-on effect. Whereas GaAs was ionized through cathodoluminescence; diamond, in the form of thin films, has been directly ionized by the …

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Diffraction In The Binary Encounter Electron Peak Observed In Collisions Of 0.6 Mev Amu⁻¹ I7+, I23+ And Au11+ Projectiles With He And Ar, W. Wolff, J. L. Shinpaugh, H. E. Wolff, Ronald E. Olson, Jee-Ching Wang, S. Lencinas, D. Piscevic, R. Herrmann, H. Schmidt-Böcking Sep 1992

Diffraction In The Binary Encounter Electron Peak Observed In Collisions Of 0.6 Mev Amu⁻¹ I7+, I23+ And Au11+ Projectiles With He And Ar, W. Wolff, J. L. Shinpaugh, H. E. Wolff, Ronald E. Olson, Jee-Ching Wang, S. Lencinas, D. Piscevic, R. Herrmann, H. Schmidt-Böcking

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Relative double differential cross sections for electron emission from collisions of 0.6 MeV amu-1I7+and I23+ projectiles with Ar and Au11+projectiles with He were measured for electron energies from 100 eV to 2000 eV and for angles from 0° to 50°. Experimentally observed sudden shifts of the position of the binary encounter peak were interpreted as resulting from quantum interference in the scattering of target electrons from the partially stripped projectile ion. To this end calculations for the elastic scattering of free electrons initially at rest in the laboratory reference frame from the screened …

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34th Rocky Mountain Conference On Applied Spectroscopy Aug 1992

34th Rocky Mountain Conference On Applied Spectroscopy

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Program and registration information for the 34th annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Applied Spectroscopy, co-sponsored by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 2-6, 1992.

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Review: 'Theory Of Dielectric Optical Waveguides,' 2nd Edition, By Dietrich Marcuse, Bradley D. Duncan Aug 1992

Review: 'Theory Of Dielectric Optical Waveguides,' 2nd Edition, By Dietrich Marcuse, Bradley D. Duncan

Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

I suppose I ought to say up front that while preparing this review I often found myself feeling very much like a student evaluating his teacher. After all, it was, in part, the first edition of Dietrich Marcuse's Theory of Dielectric Optical Waveguides (among a handful of other similar texts) from which I first studied the principles of optical waveguide theory under the demanding, yet patient and graceful guidance of Dr. Ahmad Safaai-Jazi. Thus with the utmost respect for a teacher whom I have never met, I shall try to faithfully share my thoughts and feelings regarding the second edition …

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Analysis Of Multifrequency Dispersive Optical Bistability And Switching In Nonlinear Ring Cavities With Large Medium-Response Times, Pawel Pliszka, Partha P. Banerjee Jul 1992

Analysis Of Multifrequency Dispersive Optical Bistability And Switching In Nonlinear Ring Cavities With Large Medium-Response Times, Pawel Pliszka, Partha P. Banerjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Using a simple model of a ring cavity comprising a cubically nonlinear medium, we analyze dispersive optical bistability in the presence of more than one spectral component. We show the phenomenon of so-called competition for resonance. In addition to presenting cavity characteristics for the cases of two and three different frequencies, we also discuss the general method for finding steady-state solutions and checking their stability. A simple and efficient algorithm, based on a relaxation method, is devised to find steady-state solutions satisfying appropriate boundary conditions. The relaxation dynamics is physically related to a finite response time of the medium.

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Multi-Ion Ambipolar Diffusion, Thomas E. Gist Jul 1992

Multi-Ion Ambipolar Diffusion, Thomas E. Gist

Theses and Dissertations

The continuity and momentum equations for electrons and multiple ion species are solved analytically and numerically using a new model for ambipolar diffusion. The general form of the model is valid for any quasi-neutral plasma for which the diffusion approximation is appropriate, including positive or negative ions, arbitrary geometries, and time dependence. The model provides criteria for determining when single ion diffusion theory is appropriate for describing multi-ion discharges, when a multi-ion proportional model is appropriate, and when a multi-ion nonproportional model is necessary. An expression is developed which provides a necessary condition for proportionality and provides the proportionality constant …

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Limaçon Of Pascal Locus Of The Complex Refractive Indices Of Interfaces With Maximally Flat Reflectance-Versus-Angle Curves For Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam Jun 1992

Limaçon Of Pascal Locus Of The Complex Refractive Indices Of Interfaces With Maximally Flat Reflectance-Versus-Angle Curves For Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

For an interface between two isotropic media the power reflectance Rv (ø) is an even function, Rv (ø) = Rv (--), of the angle of incidence ø; hence all the odd derivatives, Rv(n) = dn Rv /døn (n odd), are identically 0 at ø = 0, independent of the incident polarization v. When the incident light is unpolarized (v = u), the second derivative, Ru(2), is also 0 at ø = 0, so that the flatness of the Ru -versus-ø curve …

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Prediction Of Paper Color: A Process Simulation Approach, Mayank Chaturvedi Jun 1992

Prediction Of Paper Color: A Process Simulation Approach, Mayank Chaturvedi

Masters Theses

A simulation model was developed for a dye mixing process and for the prediction of the optical properties of the paper. The model was integrated with the MAPPS (Modular Analysis of Pulp and Paper Systems) simulation software package. The model was validated using dyed handsheets made in a laboratory and dyed paper made on a pilot papermachine. Validation comprised of prediction of the optical properties of the handsheets and the machine-made paper which contained various combinations of three non-fluorescent dyes. Sheet reflectances were predicted at 20 nanometer intervals for discrete light wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers and verified …

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Review: 'Optical Fiber Communications' (2nd Edition), By Gerd Keiser, Bradley D. Duncan May 1992

Review: 'Optical Fiber Communications' (2nd Edition), By Gerd Keiser, Bradley D. Duncan

Electro-Optics and Photonics Faculty Publications

If first impressions are worth anything (and they usually are), I would have to admit that my first impression of the second edition of Gerd Keiser's now popular text Optical Fiber Communications was quite good. My compliments are hereby extended to the publisher for choosing a rather handsome cover and dust jacket. It stands in strong contrast to the text's first edition, which still ranks as probably the ugliest book I own, with color choices ranging from dull cream and "baby" blue to pale pink! I am now happy to say that this older version has been discretely·retired to the …

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Spatial Variation Of A Short-Lived Intermediate Chemical Species In A Couette Reactor, R. Dennis Vigil, Q. Ouyang, Harry L. Swinney Apr 1992

Spatial Variation Of A Short-Lived Intermediate Chemical Species In A Couette Reactor, R. Dennis Vigil, Q. Ouyang, Harry L. Swinney

R. Dennis Vigil

We have conducted experiments and simulations of the spatial variation of a short-lived intermediate species (triiodide) in the autocatalytic oxidation of arsenite by iodate in a reactor that is essentially one dimensional-the Couette reactor. (This reactor consists of two concentric cylinders with the inner one rotating and the outer one at rest; reagents are continuously fed and removed at each end in such a way that there is no net axial flux and there are opposing arsenite and iodate gradients.) The predictions ?f a one-dim~ns~onal . reaction-diffusion model which has no adjustable parameters, are In good qualItative (and, In some …

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Pinski Et Al. Reply, F. J. Pinski, B. Ginatempo, Duane D. Johnson, J. B. Staunton, G. M. Stocks, B. L. Gyorffy Mar 1992

Pinski Et Al. Reply, F. J. Pinski, B. Ginatempo, Duane D. Johnson, J. B. Staunton, G. M. Stocks, B. L. Gyorffy

Duane D. Johnson

With our calculations [I], we uncovered the electronic mechanism responsible for inducing atomic short-range order (SRO) in the disordered solid solution of NiPt as it is cooled. Usually, but not always, SRO, whether derived theoretically or measured experimentally, indicates the nature of the long-rangeordered (LRO) state that will stabilize at low temperature. Our calculation of the atomic SRO, while agreeing with experiments [2], neglected the relativistic effects in the electronic structure. Lu, Wei, and Zunger (LWZ) [3,4], on the other hand, have calculated the L lo-ordered alloy formation energy and find that only when relativistic effects are included is the …

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Detection, Location, And Quantification Of Structural Damage By Neural-Netprocessed Moire Profilometry, Barry G. Grossman, Frank S. Gonzalez, Joel H. Blatt, Jeffery A. Hooker Mar 1992

Detection, Location, And Quantification Of Structural Damage By Neural-Netprocessed Moire Profilometry, Barry G. Grossman, Frank S. Gonzalez, Joel H. Blatt, Jeffery A. Hooker

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Faculty Publications

The development of efficient high speed techniques to recognize, locate, and quantify damage is vitally important for successful automated inspection systems such as ones used for the inspection of undersea pipelines. Two critical problems must be solved to achieve these goals: the reduction of nonuseful information present in the video image and automatic recognition and quantification of extent and location of damage. Artificial neural network processed moire profilometry appears to be a promising technique to accomplish this. Real time video moire techniques have been developed which clearly distinguish damaged and undamaged areas on structures, thus reducing the amount of extraneous …

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Design And Construction Of A Channel Electron Multiplier Based Mossbauer Spectroscopy System, Daniel J. Robbins Mar 1992

Design And Construction Of A Channel Electron Multiplier Based Mossbauer Spectroscopy System, Daniel J. Robbins

Theses and Dissertations

A channel electron multiplier (cem) detector system was designed and built to provide a signal to a Mossbauer spectroscopy system in an effort to obtain a better signal-to-noise ratio than achievable with a proportional counter system. Three cems are contained in a vacuum chamber built using standard components. Gamma, rays of 14.4-keV energy from a 57Co source enter from outside the chamber through a window and are absorbed by an 57Fe target near the cems. The target emits internal conversion electrons which are collected by the cems and a Mossbauer spectrometer collects the signal. The system produces a …

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Tem Observations Of The Mechanism Of Delamination Of Chromium Films From Silicon Substrates, D. Goyal, Alexander H. King Feb 1992

Tem Observations Of The Mechanism Of Delamination Of Chromium Films From Silicon Substrates, D. Goyal, Alexander H. King

Alexander H. King

We have observed the complete delamination of polycrystalline chromium films from single crystal silicon substrates during deposition due to the formation of high internal stresses. These intrinsic stresses can give rise to interfacial defects which assist in the separation of the film from the substrate. Stresses in the film are balanced by stresses in the substrate, which cause mechanical failure in the substrate near the interface. Extensive arrays of dislocations and cracking of the substrate have been observed. We find that the delamination of the films from the substrate is initiated by the formation of damage in the substrate, rather …

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Determining The Chemical Composition Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Allen L. Williams, Jane E. Rothert, Kent E. Mcclure, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Daniel R. White, A. R. Hopkins, Max B. Trueblood Feb 1992

Determining The Chemical Composition Of Cloud Condensation Nuclei, Allen L. Williams, Jane E. Rothert, Kent E. Mcclure, Darryl J. Alofs, Donald E. Hagen, Daniel R. White, A. R. Hopkins, Max B. Trueblood

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This second progress report describes the status of the project one and one-half years after the start. The goal of the project is to develop the instrumentation to collect cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in sufficient amounts to determine their chemical composition, and to survey the CCN composition in different climates through a series of field measurements. Our approach to CCN collection is to first form droplets on the nuclei under simulated cloud humidity conditions, which is the only known method of identifying CCN from the background aerosol. Under cloud chamber conditions, the droplets formed become larger than the surrounding aerosol, …

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Principal Linear Polarization States Of An Optical System, R. M.A. Azzam Jan 1992

Principal Linear Polarization States Of An Optical System, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

The constraint on the Jones matrix of an optical system such that there exist two linear polarization states at its input that are mapped onto two corresponding linear states at its output is derived. These principal linear polarization (PLP) states, which characterize a broad range of systems, are also found in terms of the Jones matrix elements. Special cases when the PLP states are orthogonal, collapse onto one state, or become infinite in number are indicated. For a deterministic or nondeterministic optical system described by a Mueller matrix, the existence of two PLP states places a constraint on only 3 …

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Hydration Behavior Of Laser Dye Aerosols Of Mixed Composition Having High Critical Supersaturations, Max B. Trueblood, Donald E. Hagen, Darryl J. Alofs Jan 1992

Hydration Behavior Of Laser Dye Aerosols Of Mixed Composition Having High Critical Supersaturations, Max B. Trueblood, Donald E. Hagen, Darryl J. Alofs

Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This Study Concerns Aerosol Particles of Mixed Composition. the Particles Contain a Water Insoluble Core (Polystyrene Latex), Surrounded by a Water Soluble Shell (Various Fluorescent Dyes). a Collison Nebulizer and an Electrostatic Aerosol Classifier Are Used to Prepare the Aerosol; its Critical Supersaturation Spectrum is Measured with a Diffusion Cloud Chamber. Experiments Were Done using Four Different Dyes (Disodium Fluorescein, Sulforhodamine 640, Sulforhodamine B and Rhodamine 560 Chloride) with Five Different Polystyrene Latex Sphere Sizes. the Results Indicate that a Kohler-Type Behavior is Obeyed. This Technique of Putting a Soluble Coating Onto an Insoluble Core is Found to Be a …

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Translation Of 'Kamalakanta: A Collection Of Satirical Essays And Reflections', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee Jan 1992

Translation Of 'Kamalakanta: A Collection Of Satirical Essays And Reflections', Monish Ranjan Chatterjee

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This venture was born initially out of the desire to make those works of Bengali literature which have moved me profoundly, and which I consider first-rate by any yardstick, available to friends and fellow enthusiasts who cannot read the original. In attempting to channel literary and philosophical masterpieces into a different medium, I Have experienced firsthand the formidable challenge that a translator must face because not only of the barrier imposed by the languages involved, but perhaps more so because .of his or her own severely inadequate faculty being called upon to match both the genius and the inspiration of …

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Effect Of Magnetic And Density Fluctuations On The Propagation Of Lower Hybrid Waves In Tokamaks, George Vahala, Linda L. Vahala, Paul T. Bonoli Jan 1992

Effect Of Magnetic And Density Fluctuations On The Propagation Of Lower Hybrid Waves In Tokamaks, George Vahala, Linda L. Vahala, Paul T. Bonoli

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Lower hybrid waves have been used extensively for plasma heating, current drive, and ramp-up as well as sawteeth stabilization, The wave kinetic equation for lower hybrid wave propagation is extended to include the effects of both magnetic and density fluctuations. This integral equation is then solved by Monte Carlo procedures for a toroidal plasma. It is shown that even for magnetic/density fluctuation levels on the order of 10-4, there are significant magnetic fluctuation effects on the wave power deposition into the plasma. This effect is quite pronounced if the magnetic fluctuation spectrum is peaked within the plasma. For …

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Charge-State Equilibrium And Nonequilibrium Modeling Of The Carbon-Pellet Plasma Interaction, A. G. Elcashlan, G. A. Gerdin, L. L. Vahala, P. B. Parks Jan 1992

Charge-State Equilibrium And Nonequilibrium Modeling Of The Carbon-Pellet Plasma Interaction, A. G. Elcashlan, G. A. Gerdin, L. L. Vahala, P. B. Parks

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Self-consistent equilibrium and nonequilibrium charge-state models are formulated for the spherical expansion of low-Z pellet vapor as an inviscid perfect gas of constant ratio of specific heats being heated volumetrically by the incident electrons of a thermonuclear plasma. The two models are found to be in agreement in the region where the ratio of the ionization length ζj to pellet radius rp is less than unity, but a single parameter, such as the magnitude of this ratio on the sonic surface, is insufficient to determine whether an equilibrium model will be valid for all regions of the ablatant …

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Effect Of Fluctuations On Lower Hybrid Power Deposition And Hard X-Ray Detection, George Vahala, Linda L. Vahala, Paul T. Bonoli Jan 1992

Effect Of Fluctuations On Lower Hybrid Power Deposition And Hard X-Ray Detection, George Vahala, Linda L. Vahala, Paul T. Bonoli

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

The hard X-ray intensity radial profiles from lower hybrid current drive experiments are interpreted as being correlated with fluctuations in the bulk plasma. This view seems to be dictated by comparing the hard X-ray data for various n║ with the Monte Carlo solutions of the lower hybrid wave energy deposition on plasma electrons. Information on internal magnetic fluctuations may, under certain conditions, be unfolded from a n║ scan of the hard X-ray profiles.

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