Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Four-Color Theorem And Chromatic Numbers Of Graphs, Sarah E. Cates

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

We study graph colorings of the form made popular by the four-color theorem. Proved by Appel and Haken in 1976, the Four-Color Theorem states that all planar graphs can be vertex-colored with at most four colors. We consider an alternate way to prove the Four-Color Theorem, introduced by Hadwiger in 1943 and commonly know as Hadwiger’s Conjecture. In addition, we examine the chromatic number of graphs which are not planar. More specifically, we explore adding edges to a planar graph to create a non-planar graph which has the same chromatic number as the planar graph which we started from.

Software Internationalization: A Framework Validated Against Industry Requirements For Computer Science And Software Engineering Programs, John Huân Vũ

Master's Theses

View John Huân Vũ's thesis presentation at http://youtu.be/y3bzNmkTr-c.

In 2001, the ACM and IEEE Computing Curriculum stated that it was necessary to address "the need to develop implementation models that are international in scope and could be practiced in universities around the world." With increasing connectivity through the internet, the move towards a global economy and growing use of technology places software internationalization as a more important concern for developers. However, there has been a "clear shortage in terms of numbers of trained persons applying for entry-level positions" in this area. Eric Brechner, Director of Microsoft Development Training, suggested …

Methods In Environmental Biotechnology For Environmentalists, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, S.R. Kannan, S. Ramathilagam

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The study of environmental pollution by chemicals used in agriculture as pesticide or as fertilizers or pollution caused by industries and chemical plants which use chemicals have not been analysed systematically. This book has five chapters. First chapter is introductory in nature. Here we just study chemical pollution caused by garment industries in chapter two of this book using fuzzy associative memories. In chapter three we give ways to control pollution by improving the system performance using hierarchical genetic fuzzy control algorithm. This study is carried out using the past data reported by Shimada et al (1995). Health hazards suffered …

New Classes Of Codes For Cryptologists And Computer Scientists, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Historically a code refers to a cryptosystem that deals with linguistic units: words, phrases etc. We do not discuss such codes in this book. Here codes are message carriers or information storages or information transmitters which in time of need should not be decoded or read by an enemy or an intruder. When we use very abstract mathematics in using a specific code, it is difficult for non-mathematicians to make use of it. At the same time, one cannot compromise with the capacity of the codes. So the authors in this book have introduced several classes of codes which are …

Strokes Of Existence: The Connection Of All Things, Mari Gorman

Graduate Student Publications and Research

Acted or real—and all life is real whether one is acting or not—the common denominator and consistent, ubiquitous reality of life and all behavior is that it manifests in the form of relationships on all scales. But what is a relationship? Until now, the answer to this question has not been sufficiently known. As a result of many years of empirical research that began with the aim of discovering what is going on in a gifted actor when s/he is playing a character that can be observed and experienced as a living, intuitive being, and based on the knowledge that …

Neutrosophy In Arabic Philosophy, Florentin Smarandache, Salah Osman

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Is there an absolute reality? Yes, “God” is the only absolute reality. The three main religions: Judaism, Christianity and Islam have all claimed that God is a supreme reality, and that all other creatures are finite beings. Since they relatively continue and also relatively change, so they can not be absolute. The world is full of paradoxes, there is no absolute persistence, and also there is no change at a stretch. There is no absolute truth and there is no continuous falsehood. What exist are many faces or aspects between the two terms. Those faces are reduced to a neutral …

Computational Modeling In Applied Problems: Collected Papers On Econometrics, Operations Research, Game Theory And Simulation, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Mohammad Khoshnevisan

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Computational models pervade all branches of the exact sciences and have in recent times also started to prove to be of immense utility in some of the traditionally 'soft' sciences like ecology, sociology and politics. This volume is a collection of a few cuttingedge research papers on the application of variety of computational models and tools in the analysis, interpretation and solution of vexing real-world problems and issues in economics, management, ecology and global politics by some prolific researchers in the field.

Introduction To Bimatrices, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Matrix theory has been one of the most utilised concepts in fuzzy models and neutrosophic models. From solving equations to characterising linear transformations or linear operators, matrices are used. Matrices find their applications in several real models. In fact it is not an exaggeration if one says that matrix theory and linear algebra (i.e. vector spaces) form an inseparable component of each other. The study of bialgebraic structures led to the invention of new notions like birings, Smarandache birings, bivector spaces, linear bialgebra, bigroupoids, bisemigroups, etc. But most of these are abstract algebraic concepts except, the bisemigroup being used in …

Sheep Updates 2003 - Wool, Richard Coole, Stephen Gherardi, Chris Oldham, K. Curtis, J. Stanton, Johan Greeff, Chris Oldham, Mike Hyder, Beth Pagamoni, Andrew Thompson, Tom Plaisted, Kazue Tanaka, Mike Ferguson, Darren Gordon, Andrew Peterson, Peter Sommerville

Sheep Updates

This session covers six papers from different authors:1.‘Pastures from space’ - an opportunity to increase the profitability of sheep production Richard Coole Farmer Kojonup W.A. Stephen Gherardi Chris Oldham Department of Agriculture Western Australia 2. K. Curtis Department of Agriculture WA J. Stanton Department of Agriculture WA and Curtin University 3. Is selection of ewe hogget replacement on measurement profitable? Johan Greeff Department of Agriculture of Western Australia 4. Optimising the nutrition/grazing management of ewe flocks Chris Oldham Mike Hyder Beth Paganoni Department of Agriculture of Western Australia Andrew Thompson Department of Primary Industries, Hamilton, Victoria Tom Plaisted Kazue Tanaka …

Assessing Left-Handedness With Exact And Approximate Confidence Intervals Appropriate For Samples Of Different Sizes, Virginia Gardner

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

A Unifying Field In Logics: Neutrosophic Logic Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability (Chinese Translation), Florentin Smarandache, Feng Liu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

中智学为何诞生? 中智学(neutrosophy)起源于1995年美国, 它站在东西文化交融的立场上, 从对立统一的角度探索从科学技术到文学 艺术的一切宏观及微观结构, 构造超越一切学科、超越自然科学与社会科学界限的统一场, 以解决当今认知科学、信息 科学、系统科学、经济学、量子力学等科学技术前沿难题——非确定性问题。中智学努力通过新型开放模式改造当今 各自然科学与社会科学, 实现它们的新陈代谢、改革创新和更新换代。中智学在我们中国还属空白, 故借此对学科正式 命名并引入中国。 科学是真理吗? 比如, 当今信息科学的突出问题之一就是知识表达、知识处理及知识交流中的逻辑单一性: 不是真就是假, 从而不 能面对任何矛盾和冲突。由此, 人工智能、计算机网络、数据库、信息工程, 乃至电子商务、电子政务多多少少在走死 胡同。从表面上看, 它是模糊数学或协调逻辑的问题, 而从本质上看, 它属于结构性问题, 涉及到对哲学、逻辑学、集 合论、概率论、认知科学、信息科学基本概念以及众多相关领域的重新认识、重新塑造问题。 众所周知, 我国学习西方, 只图表面, 而不注重科学的内在结构, 不懂科学的概念和原理中也有基础设施 (换句话 说, 就是基础设施的基础设施), 从而建不起高楼大厦, 更谈不上科学上的自主, 从而形成盲目跟从西方的弊病。 科学, 这个被认为是永恒的真理, 其本质上没有半点永恒, 相反, 它时刻处于新老交替、新陈代谢、自我否定、自 我淘汰的动态之中——即使存在什么永恒的真理, 也终究会被后人推翻。科学实际上是一种战争, 而中智学正是关于它 的战略战术的科学。 当今世界上高深的科学莫过于爱因斯坦的相对论, 然而一切的一切, 都是建立在恒定光速的基础上——它正 在被现代的人们推翻!

Algebra În Exercijii Şi Probleme Pentru Liceu, Florentin Smarandache, Ion Goian, Raisa Grigor, Vasila Marin

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Finite Amplitude Convection Between Stress-Free Boundaries; Ginzburg-Landau Equations And Modulation Theory, Andrew J. Bernoff

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The stability theory for rolls in stress-free convection at finite Prandtl number is affected by coupling with low wavenumber two-dimensional mean-flow modes. In this work, a set of modified Ginzburg-Landau equations describing the onset of convection is derived which accounts for these additional modes. These equations can be used to extend the modulation equations of Zippelius & Siggia describing the breakup of rolls, bringing their stability theory into agreement with the results of Busse & Bolton.

Only Problems, Not Solutions! (Fourth Edition), Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 07 - The Delay Plane And Time Delay Distortion, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 7 discusses circuit theory and the Delay Plane.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 03 - Energy, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 3 discusses the partitions of energy to show that the prediction of relation is demonstrable.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 01 - Tds, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 1 introduces Heyser's logic for attempting to find a way to measure the subjective perception of sound.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 05, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 5 considers the predictions of the new paradigm and discusses the the abilities for operators to commute.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 06 - Measurement And Listening, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 6 demonstrates the second prediction of the new paradigm.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 11 - Conclusion, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 11 concludes the series and summaries the purpose of this study.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 09 - Geometry, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 9 discusses the geometric measuring of sound and the existence of a sound image.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 08 - Stereo Reproduction, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 8 discusses the perceptions of sound through monaural and stereo reproduction.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 02 - Measurement And Listening, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 2 discusses the new paradigm, "Principle of Alternatives."

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 10 - Analogies, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. Chapter 10 discusses the philosophy and theory behind audio concepts to explain the purposes behind this study.

Audio Magazine: Proposed Series Chapter 04 - Predictions Of A Paradigm, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this chapter as part of a series originally intended for AUDIO magazine in an effort to find an objective way of dealing with the subjective perception of sound. Through the implementation of the time delay spectrometry (TDS) method, Heyser was able to explore the mathematical analysis of audio and the philosophical principles of audio measurement. In Chapter 4, Heyser proposes a new paradigm of alternatives to expand the analysis capabilities of audio measurement.

Energry Loss Through Storage, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser prepared this article for submission in Science magazine. The process of storing energy under equilibrium conditions loses work that could have been obtained directly from the source of energy. This is independent of the form of the energy and can be extended to the analysis of situations otherwise difficult to formulate in a common description, such as multiple energy conversions involving solar, electrical, chemicl, and mechanical storage.

The Great Pretender, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

This document contains drafts of Richard C. Heyser's article, which he intended to publish in AUIDO magazine. Heyser chronicles the history and perceptions of Group Delay, which he calls "The Great Pretender."

Fifty Years Of Uncertainty, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

Richard C. Heyser frequently explores ways to find a "mathematical basis for perception" in his writings. In this article, Heyser discusses implementing geometry elements to quantum physics.

It's A Great Day Tomorrow, Richard C. Heyser

Unpublished Writings

This paper with its combined slides was presented by Richard C. Heyser to explain his theories for measuring sound.