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Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics, Florentin Smarandache
Proceedings Of The First International Conference On Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability And Statistics, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
In 1960s Abraham Robinson has developed the non-standard analysis, a formalization of analysis and a branch of mathematical logic, that rigorously defines the infinitesimals. Informally, an infinitesimal is an infinitely small number. Formally, x is said to be infinitesimal if and only if for all positive integers n one has xxx < 1/n. Let &>0 be a such infinitesimal number. The hyper-real number set is an extension of the real number set, which includes classes of infinite numbers and classes of infinitesimal numbers. Let’s consider the non-standard finite numbers 1+ = 1+&, where “1” is its standard part and “&” its non-standard part, …
Dialectics And The Dao: On Both, A And Non-A In Neutrosophy And Chinese Philosophy, Feng Liu, Florentin Smarandache
Dialectics And The Dao: On Both, A And Non-A In Neutrosophy And Chinese Philosophy, Feng Liu, Florentin Smarandache
Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications
This paper introduces readers to a new approach to dialectical logic: neutrosophy. Specifically it proposes a multi-valued logic in which the statement “both A and Non-A,” historically rejected as logically incoherent, is treated as meaningful. This unity of opposites constitutes both the objective world and the subjective world –a view with deep roots in Buddhism and Daoism, including the I-Ching. This leads in turn to the presentation of a framework for the development of a contradiction oriented learning philosophy inspired by the Later Trigrams of King Wen in the I-Ching. We show that although A and Non-A are logically inconsistent, …