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The Encyclopedia Of Neutrosophic Researchers - 4th Volume (2021), Florentin Smarandache, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez Mar 2021

The Encyclopedia Of Neutrosophic Researchers - 4th Volume (2021), Florentin Smarandache, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Este es el cuarto volumen de la Enciclopedia de Investigadores Neutróficos, editados a partir de materiales ofrecidos por los autores que respondieron a la invitación del editor. Los autores se enumeran alfabéticamente. La introducción contiene una breve historia de la neutrosófica, y en especial se su impacto en Latinoamérica junto con enlaces a los principales artículos y libros. Los conjuntos neutrosóficos, la lógica neutrosófica, la probabilidad neutrosófica, la estadística neutrosófica, el precálculo neutrosófico, el cálculo neutrosófico, la psicología neutrosófica, la sociología neutrosófica etc., están ganando una atención significativa en resolver muchos problemas de la vida real que implican incertidumbre, imprecisión, …


Theory And Application Of Hypersoft Set, Florentin Smarandache, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Mohamed Abdel-Baset Feb 2021

Theory And Application Of Hypersoft Set, Florentin Smarandache, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Mohamed Abdel-Baset

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Aims and Scope Florentin Smarandache generalize the soft set to the hypersoft set by transforming the function �� into a multi-argument function. This extension reveals that the hypersoft set with neutrosophic, intuitionistic, and fuzzy set theory will be very helpful to construct a connection between alternatives and attributes. Also, the hypersoft set will reduce the complexity of the case study. The Book “Theory and Application of Hypersoft Set” focuses on theories, methods, algorithms for decision making and also applications involving neutrosophic, intuitionistic, and fuzzy information. Our goal is to develop a strong relationship with the MCDM solving techniques and to …


Solving Neutrosophic Linear Equations Systems Using Symbolic Computation (Resolucion De Sistemas De Ecuaciones Lineales Neutrosóficas Mediante Computación Simbólica), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2021

Solving Neutrosophic Linear Equations Systems Using Symbolic Computation (Resolucion De Sistemas De Ecuaciones Lineales Neutrosóficas Mediante Computación Simbólica), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper, we apply the concept of neutrosophic numbers to solve a systems of neutrophic linear equations using symbolic computation. Also, we utilize Jupyter, which is supported in Google Colaboratory for performing symbolic computation. The sympy library of Python is used to perform the process of neutrosophic computation. Systems of neutrosophic linear equations are solved through symbolic computation in Python. A case study was developed for the determination of vehicular traffic with indeterminacy. This king of computation opens new ways to deal with indeterminacy in real-world problems.


Structure, Neutrostructure, And Antistructure In Science, Florentin Smarandache Dec 2020

Structure, Neutrostructure, And Antistructure In Science, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In any science, a classical Theorem, defined on a given space, is a statement that is 100% true (i.e. true for all elements of the space). To prove that a classical theorem is false, it is sufficient to get a single counter-example where the statement is false. Therefore, the classical sciences do not leave room for partial truth of a theorem (or a statement). But, in our world and in our everyday life, we have many more examples of statements that are only partially true, than statements that are totally true. The NeutroTheorem and AntiTheorem are generalizations and alternatives of …


Combination Of The Single-Valued Neutrosophic Fuzzy Set And The Soft Set With Applications In Decision-Making, Florentin Smarandache, Ahmed Mostafa Khalil, Dunqian Chao, A. A. Azzam, W. Alharby Aug 2020

Combination Of The Single-Valued Neutrosophic Fuzzy Set And The Soft Set With Applications In Decision-Making, Florentin Smarandache, Ahmed Mostafa Khalil, Dunqian Chao, A. A. Azzam, W. Alharby

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this article, we propose a novel concept of the single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft set by combining the single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy set and the soft set. For possible applications, five kinds of operations (e.g., subset, equal, union, intersection, and complement) on single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft sets are presented. Then, several theoretical operations of single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft sets are given. In addition, the first type for the fuzzy decision-making based on single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft set matrix is constructed. Finally, we present the second type by using the AND operation of the single-valued neutrosophic fuzzy soft set for fuzzy decision-making …


The Geometry Of The Orthological Triangles, Florentin Smarandache, Ion Patrascu Jan 2020

The Geometry Of The Orthological Triangles, Florentin Smarandache, Ion Patrascu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Plants and trees grow perpendicular to the plane tangent to the soil surface, at the point of penetration into the soil; in vacuum, the bodies fall perpendicular to the surface of the Earth - in both cases, if the surface is horizontal. Starting from the property of two triangles to be orthological, the two authors have designed this work that seeks to provide an integrative image of elementary geometry by the prism of this "filter". Basically, the property of orthology is the skeleton of the present work, which establishes many connections of some theorems and geometric properties with it. The …


Three Possible Applications Of Neutrosophic Logic In Fundamental And Applied Sciences, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2020

Three Possible Applications Of Neutrosophic Logic In Fundamental And Applied Sciences, Victor Christianto, Robert Neil Boyd, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In Neutrosophic Logic, a basic assertion is that there are variations of about everything that we can measure; the variations surround three parameters called T,I,F (truth, indeterminacy, falsehood) which can take a range of values. This paper shortly reviews the links among aether and matter creation from the perspective of Neutrosophic Logic. Once we accept the existence of aether as physical medium, then we can start to ask on what causes matter ejection, as observed in various findings related to quasars etc. One particular cosmology model known as VMH (variable mass hypothesis) has been suggested by notable astrophysicists like Halton …


N-Refined Neutrosophic Vector Spaces, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Abobala Jan 2020

N-Refined Neutrosophic Vector Spaces, Florentin Smarandache, Mohammad Abobala

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

This paper introduces the concept of n-refined neutrosophic vector spaces as a generalization of neutrosophic vector spaces, and it studies elementary properties of them. Also, this work discusses some corresponding concepts such as weak/strong n-refined neutrosophic vector spaces, and n-refined neutrosophic homomorphisms.


Neutrosophic In Latin America, Advances And Perspectives (Neutrosofía En Latinoamérica, Avances Y Perspectivas), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Jesus Estupinan, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2020

Neutrosophic In Latin America, Advances And Perspectives (Neutrosofía En Latinoamérica, Avances Y Perspectivas), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Jesus Estupinan, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophy has given way to its own research method by constituting a unified field of logic for a transdisciplinary study that crosses the borders between the sciences. This paper analyzes the impact of neutrosophic theory in Latin America, its main drivers and the state of the research. The increase in publications since the creation of the Latin American Association of Neutrosophic Sciences is noteworthy. The most approached areas are found in the interrelation of the social sciences and neutrosophy, presenting outstanding results in these areas of research. The most outstanding university and institutions are the Autonomous Regional University of the …


(Φ, Ψ)-Weak Contractions In Neutrosophic Cone Metric Spaces Via Fixed Point Theorems, Florentin Smarandache, Wadei F. Al-Omeri Jan 2020

(Φ, Ψ)-Weak Contractions In Neutrosophic Cone Metric Spaces Via Fixed Point Theorems, Florentin Smarandache, Wadei F. Al-Omeri

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this manuscript, we obtain common fixed point theorems in the neutrosophic cone metric space. Also, notion of (Φ, Ψ)-weak contraction is defined in the neutrosophic cone metric space by using the idea of altering distance function. Finally, we review many examples of cone metric spaces to verify some properties.


Historia De Las Teorías Neutrosóficas Y Sus Aplicaciones (Actualizado), Florentin Smarandache Jan 2019

Historia De Las Teorías Neutrosóficas Y Sus Aplicaciones (Actualizado), Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Historia de las Teorías Neutrosóficas y sus Aplicaciones (actualizado)


Tripleta De Estructura Neutrosófica Y Tripleta De Estructura Neutrosófica Extendida, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2019

Tripleta De Estructura Neutrosófica Y Tripleta De Estructura Neutrosófica Extendida, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

En el presente estudio se realiza una revisión de las tripletas de estructura neutrosófica y tripleta de estructura neutrosófica extendida, con el fin de introducir nuevos conceptos a emplear en trabajos futuros.


Grado De Dependencia E Independencia De Los (Sub) Componentes De Conjuntos Borrosos Y Neutrosóficos, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2019

Grado De Dependencia E Independencia De Los (Sub) Componentes De Conjuntos Borrosos Y Neutrosóficos, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

La introducción del grado de dependencia (y en consecuencia el grado de independencia) entre los componentes del conjunto difuso, y también entre los componentes del conjunto neutrosófico, se introduce por primera vez en la quinta edición del libro de Neutrosofía en el año 2006, basado en los elementos descritos en dicha edición del libro, se comienza a conocer conceptos de conjuntos neutrosóficos de los componentes borrosos así como los grados de dependencia e independencia, Por tal motivo el objetivo del presente trabajo es extender el conjunto neutrosófico refinado, teniendo en cuenta la grado de dependencia o independencia de los subcomponentes …


Special Subset Vertex Multisubgraphs For Multi Networks, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral K Jan 2019

Special Subset Vertex Multisubgraphs For Multi Networks, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral K

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors study special type of subset vertex multi subgraphs; these multi subgraphs can be directed or otherwise. Another special feature of these subset vertex multigraphs is that we are aware of the elements in each vertex set and how it affects the structure of both subset vertex multisubgraphs and edge multisubgraphs. It is pertinent to record at this juncture that certain ego centric directed multistar graphs become empty on the removal of one edge, there by theorising the importance, and giving certain postulates how to safely form ego centric multi networks. Given any subset vertex multigraph we …


Neutrosophic Soft Rough Graphs With Application, Florentin Smarandache, Muhammad Akram, Hafsa M. Malik, Sundas Shahzadi Feb 2018

Neutrosophic Soft Rough Graphs With Application, Florentin Smarandache, Muhammad Akram, Hafsa M. Malik, Sundas Shahzadi

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic sets (NSs) handle uncertain information while fuzzy sets (FSs) and intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFs) fail to handle indeterminate information. Soft set theory, neutrosophic set theory, and rough set theory are different mathematical models for handling uncertainties and they are mutually related. The neutrosophic soft rough set (NSRS) model is a hybrid model by combining neutrosophic soft sets with rough sets. We apply neutrosophic soft rough sets to graphs. In this research paper, we introduce the idea of neutrosophic soft rough graphs (NSRGs) and describe different methods of their construction. We consider the application of NSRG in decision-making problems. In …


Summary Of The Special Issue “Neutrosophic Information Theory And Applications” At “Information” Journal, Florentin Smarandache, Jun Ye Feb 2018

Summary Of The Special Issue “Neutrosophic Information Theory And Applications” At “Information” Journal, Florentin Smarandache, Jun Ye

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Over a period of seven months (August 2017–February 2018), the Special Issue dedicated to “Neutrosophic Information Theory and Applications” by the “Information” journal (ISSN 2078-2489), located in Basel, Switzerland, was a success. The Guest Editors, Prof. Dr. Florentin Smarandache from the University of New Mexico (USA) and Prof. Dr. Jun Ye from the Shaoxing University (China), were happy to select—helped by a team of neutrosophic reviewers from around the world, and by the “Information” journal editors themselves—and publish twelve important neutrosophic papers, authored by 27 authors and coauthors. There were a variety of neutrosophic topics studied and used by the …


Fundamentals Of Neutrosophic Logic And Sets And Their Role In Artificial Intelligence (Fundamentos De La Lógica Y Los Conjuntos Neutrosóficos Y Su Papel En La Inteligencia Artificial ), Florentin Smarandache, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez Jan 2018

Fundamentals Of Neutrosophic Logic And Sets And Their Role In Artificial Intelligence (Fundamentos De La Lógica Y Los Conjuntos Neutrosóficos Y Su Papel En La Inteligencia Artificial ), Florentin Smarandache, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy which studies the origin, nature and scope of neutralities. This has formed the basis for a series of mathematical theories that generalize the classical and fuzzy theories such as the neutrosophic sets and the neutrosophic logic. In the paper, the fundamental concepts related to neutrosophy and its antecedents are presented. Additionally, fundamental concepts of artificial intelligence will be defined and how neutrosophy has come to strengthen this discipline.


Operadores Con Conjunto Neutrosóficos De Valor Único Oversets, Undersets Y Offset, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2018

Operadores Con Conjunto Neutrosóficos De Valor Único Oversets, Undersets Y Offset, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Neutrosophic Over-/Under-/Off-Set and Logic were defined for the first time in 1995 and published in 2007. During 1995-2016 was presented them to various national and international conferences and seminars. These new notions are totally different from other sets/logics/probabilities. We extended the neutrosophic set respectively to Neutrosophic Overset {when some neutrosophic component is > 1}, to Neutrosophic Underset {when some neutrosophic component is < 0}, and to Neutrosophic Offset {when some neutrosophic components are off the interval [0, 1], i.e. some neutrosophic component > 1 and other neutrosophic component < 0}. This is no surprise since our realworld has numerous examples and applications of over-/under-/off-neutrosophic components. Palabras clave. desbordado neutrosophic, underset neutrosophic, neutrosophic offset, neutrosophic sobre la lógica, neutrosophic bajo la lógica, neutrosophic off lógica, neutrosophic sobre la probabilidad, neutrosophic bajo probabilidad, neutrosophic de probabilidad, más de miembros (grado de pertenencia> 1), bajo de miembros (grado de pertenencia <0) , (grado de pertenencia fuera del intervalo [0, 1]) offmembership.


Neutrosophic Computing With Sympy (Computación Neutrosófica Mediante Sympy ), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2018

Neutrosophic Computing With Sympy (Computación Neutrosófica Mediante Sympy ), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this article the concept of neutrosophic number is presented. Jupyter through Google Colaboratory is introduced for calculations. The Sympy library is used to perform the process of neutrosophic computation. Systems of linear neutrosóficas equations are solved by means of the symbolic computation in python. A case study was developed for the determination of vehicular traffic with indeterminacy. As future works are the development of new applications in different areas of engineering and science.


N-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Logic And Its Applications To Physics (Lógica Neutrosófica Refinada N-Valuada Y Sus Aplicaciones A La Física), Florentin Smarandache Jan 2018

N-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Logic And Its Applications To Physics (Lógica Neutrosófica Refinada N-Valuada Y Sus Aplicaciones A La Física), Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we present a short history of logics: from particular cases of 2-symbol or numerical valued logic to the general case of n-symbol or numerical valued logic. We show generalizations of 2-valued Boolean logic to fuzzy logic, also from the Kleene’s and Lukasiewicz’ 3-symbol valued logics or Belnap’s 4-symbol valued logic to the most general nsymbol or numerical valued refined neutrosophic logic. Examples of applications of neutrosophic logic to physics are listed in the last section. Similar generalizations can be done for n-Valued Refined Neutrosophic Set, and respectively.


Mental Models And Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (Modelos Mentales Y Mapas Cognitivos Neutrosóficos), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Rebeca Escobar-Jara, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2018

Mental Models And Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps (Modelos Mentales Y Mapas Cognitivos Neutrosóficos), Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Rebeca Escobar-Jara, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this work, elements related to mental models elicitation and analysis are addressed through causal models. Issues related to the need to include indeterminacy in causal relationships through neutrophic cognitive maps are discussed. A proposal for static analysis in neutrosophic cognitive maps is presented. The following activities are included in the proposal: Calculate, measures of centrality, Classify nodes, De-neutrosification, and Ranking nodes. As future works, the incorporation of new metrics of centrality in neutrosophic cognitive maps is proposed. The inclusion of scenario analysis to the proposal is another area of future work.


Special Subset Vertex Subgraphs For Social Networks, Florentin Smarandache, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral K Jan 2018

Special Subset Vertex Subgraphs For Social Networks, Florentin Smarandache, W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral K

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time introduce the new notion of special subset vertex subgraph of subset vertex graphs introduced recently in [46]. These subset vertex graphs takes the vertex set values from the power set P(X) of any set X. The main speciality of these subset vertex graphs is that once a set of subsets from P(X) is given, the edges of the graph are fixed in a unique way, so for a given collection of subset vertices the graph is always unique [46]. The special subset vertex subgraphs of G are the ones, which have the …


Modelo De Recomendación Basado En Conocimiento Y Números Svn, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache Jan 2018

Modelo De Recomendación Basado En Conocimiento Y Números Svn, Maykel Leyva-Vazquez, Florentin Smarandache

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Recommendation models are useful in the decision-making process that allow the user a set of options that are expected to meet their expectations. Recommendation models are useful in the decision-making process that offer the user a set of options that are expected to meet their SVN expectations to express linguistic terms.


Neutrosophic Hough Transform, Florentin Smarandache, Umit Budak, Yanhui Guo, Abdulkadir Sengur Dec 2017

Neutrosophic Hough Transform, Florentin Smarandache, Umit Budak, Yanhui Guo, Abdulkadir Sengur

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

Hough transform (HT) is a useful tool for both pattern recognition and image processing communities. In the view of pattern recognition, it can extract unique features for description of various shapes, such as lines, circles, ellipses, and etc. In the view of image processing, a dozen of applications can be handled with HT, such as lane detection for autonomous cars, blood cell detection in microscope images, and so on. As HT is a straight forward shape detector in a given image, its shape detection ability is low in noisy images. To alleviate its weakness on noisy images and improve its …


Complex Valued Graphs For Soft Computing, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral K Jan 2017

Complex Valued Graphs For Soft Computing, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilanthenral K

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time introduce in a systematic way the notion of complex valued graphs, strong complex valued graphs and complex neutrosophic valued graphs. Several interesting properties are defined, described and developed. Most of the conjectures which are open in case of usual graphs continue to be open problems in case of both complex valued graphs and strong complex valued graphs. We also give some applications of them in soft computing and social networks. At this juncture it is pertinent to keep on record that Dr. Tohru Nitta was the pioneer to use complex valued graphs …


Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi, Assia Bakali, Mohamed Talea Feb 2016

Single Valued Neutrosophic Graphs, Florentin Smarandache, Said Broumi, Assia Bakali, Mohamed Talea

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The notion of single valued neutrosophic sets is a generalization of fuzzy sets, intuitionistic fuzzy sets. We apply the concept of single valued neutrosophic sets, an instance of neutrosophic sets, to graphs. We introduce certain types of single valued neutrosophic graphs (SVNG) and investigate some of their properties with proofs and examples.


Strong Neutrosophic Graphs And Subgraph Topological Subspaces, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilantheral K Jan 2016

Strong Neutrosophic Graphs And Subgraph Topological Subspaces, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Ilantheral K

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time introduce the notion of strong neutrosophic graphs. They are very different from the usual graphs and neutrosophic graphs. Using these new structures special subgraph topological spaces are defined. Further special lattice graph of subgraphs of these graphs are defined and described. Several interesting properties using subgraphs of a strong neutrosophic graph are obtained. Several open conjectures are proposed. These new class of strong neutrosophic graphs will certainly find applications in NCMs, NRMs and NREs with appropriate modifications.


Problems On Mod Structures, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral Jan 2016

Problems On Mod Structures, Florentin Smarandache, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, K. Ilanthenral

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this book authors for the first time give several types of problems on MOD structures happens to be an interesting field of study as it makes the whole 4 quadrant plane into a single quadrant plane and the infinite line into a half closed open interval. So study in this direction will certainly yield several interesting results. The law of distributivity is not true. Further the MOD function in general do not obey all the laws of integration or differentiation. Likewise MOD polynomials in general do not satisfy the basic properties of polynomials like its roots etc. Thus over …


Mathematics. Possible Subjects For The High School Entrance Examination And The Capacity Examination In Romania, Florentin Smarandache, Constantin Coanda, Ionuț Ivanescu Jan 2016

Mathematics. Possible Subjects For The High School Entrance Examination And The Capacity Examination In Romania, Florentin Smarandache, Constantin Coanda, Ionuț Ivanescu

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

The present book tries to offer students and teachers knowledge evaluation tools for all the chapters from the current Romanian mathematics syllabus. In the evolution of teenagers, the phase of admission in high schools mobilizes particular efforts and emotions. The present workbook aims to be a permanent advisor in the agitated period starting with the capacity examination and leading to the admittance to high school. The tests included in this workbook have a complementary character as opposed to the many materials written with the purpose to support all those who prepare for such examinations and they refer to the entire …


Pcr5 And Neutrosophic Probability In Target Identification, Florentin Smarandache, Nassim Abbas, Youcef Chibani, Bilal Hadjadji, Zayen Azzouz Omar Jan 2016

Pcr5 And Neutrosophic Probability In Target Identification, Florentin Smarandache, Nassim Abbas, Youcef Chibani, Bilal Hadjadji, Zayen Azzouz Omar

Branch Mathematics and Statistics Faculty and Staff Publications

In this paper we use PCR5 in order to fusion the information of two sources providing subjective probabilities of an event A to occur in the following form: chance that A occurs, indeterminate chance of occurrence of A, chance that A does not occur.