Water Resource Management Commons^™

Comparison Of 2d Numerical Schemes For Modelling Supercritical And Transcritical Flows Along Urban Floodplains, Yared Abayneh Abebe, Solomon D. Seyoum, Zoran Vojinović, Roland K. Price

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Urban floodplains usually have irregular geometry due to different obstacles, urban infrastructures and slope conditions. This may change the flow regime from subcritical to supercritical flow conditions, and vice versa. Implementation of the full momentum equation in 2D shallow water equations (SWEs) is not trivial in mixed flow conditions as subcritical and supercritical flows require different boundary conditions and hence different solution algorithms. Some models ignore the convective acceleration term (CAT) to simplify implementation of the momentum equation for mixed flow conditions. This work tried to investigate the effect of neglecting CATs by testing two 2D models which implement - …

Thermoclinic Assessment Of A Preliminary Circulation Model For Lake George In The Jefferson Project, Emanuele Ragnoli, Fearghal O Donncha, Jeffrey W. Short, Imad A. Hannoun, Sandra A. Nierzwicki-Bauer, Lloyd A. Treinish, Anthony P. Priano, Charles W. Boylen

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

The Jefferson Project is a collaboration between the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, IBM, and the FUND for Lake George aimed at understanding and managing complex factors (road salt, storm water runoff, invasive species) threatening Lake George, New York.

Lake George is located about 80 km north of Albany in upstate New York and is known internationally for its water clarity. Understanding the hydrodynamics of the lake is fundamental for creation and maintenance of a research and monitoring program for the early detection of and response to adverse environmental and biological change. In this work a 3D circulation model of the lake …

Application Of Real-Time Control Strategy To Improve Nitrogen Removal In Wastewater Treatment, Qibin Wang, Qiuwen Chen, Jinfeng Ma, Qiang Xu

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Biological nitrogen removal is an important task in the wastewater treatment. However, the actual removal of total nitrogen (TN) in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is often unsatisfactory due to several causes, one of which is the insufficient availability of carbon source. One possible approach to improve the nitrogen removal therefore is addition of external carbon source, while the amount of which is directly related to operation cost of a WWTP. It is obviously necessary to determine the accurate amount of addition of external carbon source according to the demand depending on the influent wastewater quality. This study focused on …

Distribution Of Hydrological Losses For Varying Rainfall And Antecedent Wetness Conditions, Sithara H P Walpita Gamage, Guna Hewa, Simon Beecham

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Hydrological loss is a vital component in many hydrological models, which are usedin forecasting floods and evaluating water resources for both surface and subsurface flows. Due to the complex and random nature of the rainfall runoff process, hydrological losses are not yet fully understood. Consequently, practitioners often use representative values of the losses for design applications such as rainfall-runoff modelling which has led to inaccurate quantification of water quantities in the resulting applications. The existing hydrological loss models must be revisited and modellers should be encouraged to utilise other available data sets. This study is based on three unregulated catchments …

Simulation Of Non-Point Source Pollution In Zhang River Basin, Xiaojuan Lin, Jinhui Huang

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Since 1987, the China Government started the “The Water Resource Protection and Management of Haihe River Basin” program aimed at tackling the problem of water pollution and realizing the comprehensive control of the ecosystem and water resources in the whole basin. This study aims to model one of the program’s catchments – Zhang River Basin (ZRB), which is a typical area with the striking water scarcity and water quality deterioration in Haihe River Basin (HRB). The distributed hydrological model SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to simulate all related processes affecting water quantity, sediment, and nutrient loads in the …

A Novel Nested Dynamic Programming (Ndp) Algorithm For Multipurpose Reservoir Optimization, Blagoj Delipetrev, Andreja Jonoski, Dimitri P. Solomatine

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

We present a novel nDP (nested dynamic programming) algorithm for multipurpose reservoir optimization. The nDP algorithm is built from two algorithms: 1) dynamic programming (DP) and 2) nested optimal water allocation algorithm implemented with Simplex and quadratic Knapsack. The main objective function is to minimize the sum of weighted square deviations of each objective over the whole time horizon. Each objective is described with its water demand or target and its weights at each time step. The nDP algorithm begins with the DP optimization algorithm that at each DP transition executes the nested optimal water allocation algorithm. The optimal water …

Parameterization Of Turbulence Models Using 3dvar Data Assimilation, Agnieszka Indiana Olbert, Stephen Nash, Emanuele Ragnoli, Michael Hartnett

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

In this research the 3DVAR data assimilation scheme is implemented in the numerical model DIVAST in order to optimize the performance of the numerical model by selecting an appropriate turbulence scheme and tuning its parameters. Two turbulence closure schemes: the Prandtl mixing length model and the two-equation k-ε model were incorporated into DIVAST and examined with respect to their universality of application, complexity of solutions, computational efficiency and numerical stability. A square harbour with one symmetrical entrance subject to tide-induced flows was selected to investigate the structure of turbulent flows. The experimental part of the research was conducted in a …

A Web-Based Hydroinformatic Platform For Water Quality Modelling And Simulation In A River Basin, Jose Pinho, Jose Vieira

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

In recent years a major effort has been done to make water quality modelling tools available for water resources management at a river basin scale. The European water framework directive clear states that these tools must be used in making the diagnostic of surface water bodies water quality status and to anticipate the impact of measures to be implemented in order to achieve a good ecological status by 2015 in European waters. In order to make modelling tools usable by all the actors enrolled in water resources management process at river basins, these tools must be simple, user-friendly and robust. …

A Harmonized Vocabulary For Water Quality, Simon J.D. Cox, Bruce A. Simons, Jonathan Yu

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Interoperability of water quality data depends on the use of common models, schemas and vocabularies. However, terms are usually collected during different activities and projects in isolation of one another, resulting in vocabularies that have the same scope being represented with different terms, using different formats and formalisms, and published in various access methods. Significantly, most water quality vocabularies conflate multiple concepts in a single term, e.g. quantity kind, units of measure, substance or taxon, medium and procedure. This bundles information associated with separate elements from the OGC Observations and Measurements (O&M) model into a single slot. We have developed …

Reliability Of Simulated Discharges For Different Gauge Locations In A Semi Distributed Rainfall Runoff Model, Johannes Bellinger, Stefan Achleitner, Johannes Schöber, Friedrich Schöberl

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

In terms of flood forecasting in alpine environments, predictions at different gauges as well as sites with exposed infrastructure within the catchment are required. The used semi-distributed hydrological model HQsim combines runoff formation and surface runoff routines with an implemented channel routing for river reaches. This allows the estimation of discharges at selected channel segments. As a case study a large alpine catchment with a size of 890 km² is used. The uncertainty in the discharge prediction is investigated at three discharge gauges located along the main river. The basis of our experimental set-up are 15,000 samples describing the prior …

Investigating The Sources Of Fresh Water Affecting The Hydrological Balance Of Lakes Enriquillo And Azuei (Hispaniola) – Data Analysis, Daniel Comarazamy, Jorge Gonzalez, Fred Moshary, Michael Piasecki, Mahrokh Moknatian, John Ibsen

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

The Enriquillo and Azuei are saltwater lakes located in a closed water basin in the southwestern region of the island of La Hispaniola, these have been experiencing dramatic changes in total lake-surface area coverage during the period 1980-2012. The size of Lake Enriquillo presented a surface area of approximately 276 km2 in 1984, gradually decreasing to 172 km2 in 1996. The surface area of the lake reached its lowest point in the satellite observation record in 2004, at 165 km2. Then the recent growth of the lake began reaching its 1984 size by 2006. Based on surface area measurement for …

Direct Numerical Simulation Of Particle Saltation In Turbulent Channel Flow, Chunning Ji, Ante Munjiza, Eldad J. Avital, John J. R. Williams

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

This paper numerically investigates particle saltation in a turbulent channel flow having a rough bed consisting of 2-3 layers of densely packed spheres. The Shield’s Function is 0.065 which is just above the sediment entrainment threshold to give a bed-load regime. The applied methodology is a combination of three technologies, i.e., the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow, the combined finite-discrete element modelling of the deformation, movement and collision of the particles, and the immersed boundary method for the fluid-solid interaction. It is shown that the presence of entrained particles significantly modifies the flow profiles of velocity, turbulent intensities and …

Weather Generator Tool For The Assessment Of Water Resource Planning In Mediterranean Watersheds, María José Polo, Marta Egüen, Sergio Nieto, Javier Herrero, Asunción Baquerizo, Miguel A. Losada

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Water resource planning requires the forecasting of precipitation at different time scales that are dependent on the planning horizon for decision making. In Mediterranean areas, the uncertainty associated to precipitation occurrence and amount is very much linked to alternate sequences of highly variable dry and wet pluriannual cycles, and the torrential character of some of the rainfall events within the wet season. Moreover, most of the precipitation is associated to cyclonic fronts passing over the region, and their interaction with the regional and local topography. This work presents a Weather Generator (WG) tool to simulate annual sequences of rainfall events …

Next Generation Hydro Software, Gennadii Donchyts, Fedor Baart, Arthur Van Dam, Erik De Goede, Joost Icke, Hans Van Putten

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

A few years ago Deltares started a large multidisciplinary project named Next Generation Hydro Software. The main focus of the project is to improve, harmonize and integrate existing hydro software that has been developed throughout the years. Important technological innovations include development of the new computational core D-Flow Flexible Mesh, as well as the user-friendly, open modelling environment Delta Shell. The project involves more than 40 scientists and software engineers. The new integrated system will allow both water managers and modellers to do their work better and faster. The unique characteristic of the project is that it focuses on the …

Comparison Of Ensemble Kalman Filtering And Particle Filtering On Short-Term Streamflow Forecasting Using A Distributed Hydrologic Model, Seong Jin Noh

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Floods are the most common and widespread disasters in the world and are responsible for a greater number of damaging events than any other type of natural event. However, due to various uncertainties that originate from simulation models, observations, and forcing data, it is still insufficient to obtain accurate flood forecasting results with the required lead times. Recently, ensemble forecasting techniques based on data assimilation (DA) have become increasingly popular, due to their potential ability to explicitly handle the various sources of uncertainty in operational hydrological models. Difficulty lies in DA for flood forecasting because nonlinearity increases sharply during flood …

Decision Support For Flood Control Operation Of A Multi-Purpose Reservoir Considering Operational One-Week Ensemble Forecast Of Precipitation, Yuya Nishioka, Daisuke Nohara, Tomoharu Hori, Yoshinobu Sato

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

atoMulti-purpose reservoirs, which are operated for both of flood control and water use purposes, play an important role in water resources management. Consideration of operational hydrological predictions can potentially provide an improvement in operations of a multi-purpose reservoir by allowing adaptive operation according to the predicted future condition of the reservoir and the target river basin. In this paper, a decision support tool for flood control operation of a multi-purpose reservoir considering middle-range operational ensemble prediction is proposed. One-week Ensemble Forecast of precipitation, which is provided by Japan Meteorological Agency with 51 ensemble members for the coming eight days, is …

Application Of Water Cycle Algorithm For Optimal Cost Design Of Water Distribution Systems, Ali Sadollah, Do Guen Yoo, Jafar Yazdi, Joong Hoon Kim, Younghwan Choi

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Water distribution system (WDS) design is considered as a class of large combinatorial non-linear optimization problems having complex implicit constraints such as conservation of mass and energy equations. Due to the complexity and large feasible solution, traditional optimization techniques are not capable to tackle these kinds of problems. Recently, applications of metaheuristic algorithms, due to their efficiencies and performances, are increased dramatically. In this paper, water cycle algorithm (WCA), a recently developed population-based algorithm, coupled with hydraulic simulator, EPANET, are applied for finding the optimal cost design of WDS. The performance of the WCA is shown using well-known Balerma benchmark …

In-Situ Algae Control Using Water-Lifting Aerators In A Eutrophicated Source Water Reservoir, Xin Sun, Xue Wang, Tinglin Huang, Haibing Cong

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Algal pollution is a common water quality problem in many source water reservoirs worldwide and directly threatens the safety of drinking water. Water-lifting aeration has been recently developed to improve the source water quality and to control the excessive algae growth by transporting algae from the surface water to the bottom water of the reservoir. Taking the Shibianyu Reservoir supplying 20% source water to Xi’an, China, as a study case, the effect of in-situ algae control using water-lifting aerators was numerically investigated with Fluent. Two submerged water-lifting aerators with different circulation flow rates were installed with different local water depths …

Propagation Characteristics Of Density Currents And Implications To Pollutant Transport In A Stratified Reservoir, Xin Sun, Yan Xu, Tinglin Huang, Xiao Tang

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

With global warming, the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events were predicted to change more dramatically in the near future while the amount of total precipitation will change slightly. Large volume of turbid inflow will enter the source water reservoir after a heavy rainfall, and evolve in various types of density currents depending on the density difference between the inflow and background water. Density currents play an important role in the thermal structure and pollutant transport in the reservoir. Understanding the behaviors of density current is fundamental to study the changes of source water quality during the flooding season. …

A Probabilistic Tsunami Model For Chile, Vaclav Rara, Cristina Arango, Petr Puncochar, Goran Trendafiloski, Chris Ewing, Adam Podlaha, Deepak Vatvani, Maarten Van Ormondt

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

In disaster-prone regions such as Chile, catastrophe models help (re)insurers to understand and quantify the risks facing their businesses. The 2010 (M8.8) Maule (Chile) earthquake highlighted the need for quantifying losses not only from primary perils (in this case earthquake) but also from secondary perils such as tsunamis, which contribute to the overall event losses but are not often modelled. This paper presents a new catastrophe model for Chile developed by Impact Forecasting (IF) in collaboration with Aon Benfield Research partners. The model has the capability to model losses due to earthquake (ground-shaking) and induced tsunamis along the Chilean coast …

New Research In Cave Ledenica In Bukovi Vrh On Velebit Mt In Croatian Dinaric Karst, Mladen Garasic

The International Workshop on Ice Caves

No abstract provided.

Comparisons Of Hydrogeologic Modeling Methods To Define Capture Zones For Public Water Supply Wells In Northern Arkansas, Paula Anderson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The usefulness, applicability, and practicality of more complex and resource consuming methods for groundwater modeling has been in question since computer based groundwater modeling was established (Anderson, 1992). In many situations, computer modeling of groundwater flow is a necessity and useful for extrapolating data where none exists or it is impossible or impractical to acquire. However, when delineating a recharge area around a public water well for protection purposes, it is unknown if more detailed computer modeling results are better than simpler hydrologic calculations and site study. In the case of public drinking water supply wells located in various aquifers …

In-Season Drought Monitoring: Testing Instrumentation And Developing Methods Of Measurement Analysis, Tyson Brant Raper

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Soil moisture sensor use in crop production systems has the potential to give inference on plant water status for the purpose of irrigation scheduling and site-drought characterization. These processed measurements could serve as the framework on which to compile trial results across locations, thereby more accurately defining varietal yield response to drought. Still, the ability to characterize drought within a given field or initiate irrigations from these data hinge upon the ability of the instrument to characterize soil moisture at the sampled point and extrapolate that information across the landscape and time. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to: …

Evaluation Of Evaporative Drivers And Hydrologic Influences Using Energy And Water Budget Techniques At A Shallow Saline Lake In The Western Sandhills Of Nebraska, Usa, Colin Peake

School of Natural Resources: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

The western Sandhills of Nebraska contain many shallow lakes and wetlands that interact strongly with groundwater and the overlying atmosphere. The region is semi-arid, and most of the lakes are saline, supporting a wide range of ecosystems. Water levels and salt concentrations are highly sensitive to variations in precipitation, evaporation, and groundwater fluxes, making the Sandhills an excellent laboratory for examining the effects of climate on the water balance of interdunal lakes. In this study, we investigate the atmospheric controls on evaporation rates, as well as the water balance of Alkali Lake, one of the more saline lakes in the …

Survival, Growth, And Settlement Of Dreissena Rostriformis Bugensis Veligers In Low And High Calcium Waters, Emma Ruhmann

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Populations ofDreissena rostriformis bugensis(quagga mussels) have continued to spread throughout the western United States since their discovery in the Boulder Basin of Lake Mead, NV-AZ in early 2007. Today, quagga mussel specific research is still lacking and the physicochemical characteristics of aquatic systems required by quagga mussels to successfully establish is not fully understood. This includes an absence of research in aquatic environments in the western United States and on quagga mussel veligers (larval stage). Calcium is considered the defining factor for determining if a lake or river is suitable for quagga mussel establishment. The minimum calcium threshold for invasion …

A Comparative Study Of Underwater Robot Path Planning Algorithms For Adaptive Sampling In A Network Of Sensors, Sreeja Banerjee

School of Computing: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Monitoring lakes, rivers, and oceans is critical to improving our understanding of complex large-scale ecosystems. We introduce a method of underwater monitoring using semi-mobile underwater sensor networks and mobile underwater robots in this thesis. The underwater robots can move freely in all dimension while the sensor nodes are anchored to the bottom of the water column and can move only up and down along the depth of the water column. We develop three different algorithms to optimize the path of the underwater robot and the positions of the sensors to improve the overall quality of sensing of an area of …

A Mixed Methods Approach Of Communication Campaign Development And Assessment: Identifying The Needs Of An Audience And Determining The Value In Evaluation, Tara Johnson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The two articles presented in this thesis used both quantitative and qualitative research methods to examine two distinct stages of communication campaigns: research and evaluation. In the quantitative study, students (n = 440) at the University of Arkansas were surveyed to determine their perceptions of the Arkansas Water Resources Center (AWRC), water resources, and water issues. A questionnaire was developed from an existing instrument, reviewed by a panel of experts, pilot tested, and revised. The researchers found participants were most aware (M = 3.23, SD = 1.14), concerned (M = 4.07, SD = 0.86), and interested (M = 4.10, SD …

An Architectural Overview Of Hydroshare, A Next-Generation Hydrologic Information System, Jefferson Heard, David G. Tarboton, Ray Idaszak, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Dan Ames, Alex Bedig, Anthony M. Castronova, Alva Couch

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

HydroShare is an online, open-source, collaborative system being developed for sharing hydrologic data and models as part of the NSF’s Software Infrastructure for Sustained Innovation (SI2) program. The goal of HydroShare is to enable scientists to easily discover and access hydrologic data and models, retrieve them to their desktop, or perform analyses in a distributed computing environment that may include grid, cloud, or high performance computing. Scientists may also publish outcomes (data, results or models) into HydroShare, using the system as a collaboration platform for sharing data, models, and analyses. HydroShare involves a large distributed software development effort requiring collaboration …

Odm Tools Python: Open Source Software For Managing Continuous Sensor Data, Jeffery S. Horsburgh, Stephanie Reeder, Amber Spackman Jones

International Conference on Hydroinformatics

Hydrologic and water quality data is being collected at high frequencies, for extended durations, and with spatial distributions that require infrastructure for data storage and management. The Observations Data Model (ODM), which is part of the Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Information System (HIS), was developed as a framework in which to organize, store, and describe point observations data. In this paper we describe ODM Tools Python, which is an open source software application that allows ODM users to query and export, visualize, and edit data stored in an ODM database. Previous versions …

Anammox Polishing In Mainstream Wastewater Treatment To Meet Stringent Ammonia And Total Nitrogen Limits, Rebecca Mary Holgate

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

As nitrogen discharge limits are becoming more stringent there is a need for new processes that are sustainable and cost effective. Since anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (anammox) were discovered in the mid 1990s, there has been considerable success implementing anammox in many wastewater treatment plants to treat internally generated nitrogen rich waste streams (e.g. centrate). Recently, there has also been discussion of implementing anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment to exploit the benefits of autotrophic nitrogen removal.

A two stage A/B pilot study was conducted that included a high-rate activated sludge (HRAS) process followed by a two-stage de-ammonification process incorporating nitrite-shunt …