Water Resource Management Commons^™

Metal-Resistance Genetically Engineered Bacteria, Sylvia Daunert, Donna Scott, Sridhar Ramanathan

KWRRI Research Reports

Bacterial-based electrochemical and optical sensing systems that respond in a highly selective and sensitive manner to antimonite and arsenite have been developed. This was accomplished by using genetically engineered bacteria bearing one of two plasmids constructed for our studies. The first plasmid, pBGD23, contains the operator/promoter region (O/P) and the gene of the ArsR protein from the ars operon upstream from the β-galactosidase gene. In the absence of antimonite/arsenite, ArsR binds to the 0/P site and prevents the transcription of the genes for ArsR and β-galactosidase, thus blocking expression of these proteins. When antimonite or arsenite is present in the …

Flash-Flood Monitoring And Modeling In Kentucky, Mark French, Nageshwar Bhaskar, George K. A. Kyiamah

KWRRI Research Reports

This research project focused on the evaluation of hydrologic issue of flash-flooding in the state of Kentucky. The primary objectives of this project were the following:
(1) to initiate the establishment of a hydrologic database archive necessary for characterizing rainfall and runoff associated with flash-flooding;
(2) identification of appropriate modeling approaches for evaluating site-specific flash-flood runoff behavior.

Specific tasks accomplished to meet the objectives include the following:
(1) development of a rainfall and streamflow data archive using existing measurement gages and identification of the rain gage data from two sources for preliminary quality control;
(2) identification of the spatial and …

Task Lll Report: Deficit Analysis, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase lll of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study commissioned by the Kentucky River Authority. The purpose of Phase lll is to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. A quantification of the susceptibility of the basin to a severe drought is necessary for the Authority to properly develop a long-range water supply plan.

This is part 3 of a three part Assessment Study of the River basin water supply.

Water Use Estimation And Forecasting For The Kentucky River Basin: A Preliminary Draft Report, Glenn C. Blomquist, William Hoyt, Dayuan Hu, Colleeen G. Scott

KWRRI Research Reports

We estimate aggregate monthly water use for summer, peak demand and nonsummer off-peak demand periods for the Kentucky River Basin. Using Kentucky Division of Water use data, U.S. Census data for county demographic and economic conditions, and U.S. Weather Service data for weather conditions we estimate use for the 1970-1993 period. Our model allows for idiosyncratic effects of each of the 27 counties in the sample. We find factors such as population and manufacturing employment effect use and temperature and rainfall in current and preceding months effect use during the summer, peak period. The model predicts well within the sample …

Task Iii Report: Water Use Estimation And Forecasting For The Kentucky River Basin, Glenn C. Blomquist, William Hoyt, D. Hu, C. Scott

KWRRI Research Reports

We estimate aggregate monthly water use for summer, peak demand and nonsummer off-peak demand periods for the Kentucky River Basin. Using Kentucky Division of Water use data, U.S. Census data for county demographic and economic conditions, and U.S. Weather Service data for weather conditions we estimate use for the 1970-1993 period. Our model allows for idiosyncratic effects of each of the 27 counties in the sample. We find factors such as population and manufacturing employment affect use and temperature and rainfall in current and preceding months effect use during the summer, peak period. The model predicts well within the sample …

Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The Upper Forks Of The Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky Water Resource Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This study examined municipal and private water supplies in the Upper Forks of the Kentucky River. Municipal water systems in Letcher, Knott, Leslie, and Breathitt counties in the North Fork Kentucky River Basin, Leslie county in the Middle Fork Kentucky River Basin, and Owsley and Clay counties in the South Fork Kentucky River were examined for current and projected water supply adequacy and water system needs. Eight municipal water suppliers- Fleming-Neon Water Company, Whitesburg Municipal Water, Hindman Municipal Water Works, Hazard Water Department, Jackson Municipal Water Works, Booneville Water and Sewer, and Manchester Water Works- and three purchasing districts: Vicco …

Technical Appendix To Task Iii Report: Deficit Algorythm Methodology, J. Herman, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

This appendix contains a detailed description of the algorithm used by the KYBASIN model to quantify water supply deficits in the Kentucky River Basin. This document is an attachment to the report entitled Task III Report-Deficit Analysis (Ormsbee and Herman, 1996), which summarizes the water supply deficit results of Phase III of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. The purpose of the study was to quantify water supply in the Kentucky River Basin during a severe drought for the existing supply system/resources under current and projected demand forecasts. The study was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority …

Task Ii Report: Part 1: Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The North, South, And Middle Fork Kentucky River Watersheds, D. I. Carey, L. G. Morris

KWRRI Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Task V Report: Development And Evaluation Of Water Supply Alternatives, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman

KWRRI Research Reports

This report documents the procedure and results of Task V of the KWRRI Kentucky River Water Supply Assessment Study. This was authorized by the Kentucky River Authority in a contract with the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute dated April 1, 1995. The three major tasks of the study are outlined below:

Task I. Review and assess previous studies and finalize study plan.

Task II. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the upper forks of the Kentucky River.)

Task III. Assess and forecast demand and availability of water by/for off-stem users (Including the impacts of …

Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the results of task 1 of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. The KWRRI study was requested by the Kentucky River Authority in order to provide a basis for management decisions for the Kentucky River Basin. This study was necessitated as a result of unexamined or changing conditions that could significantly impact the conclusions and recommendations of the previous HARZA studies (Harza, et al, 1990; Harza, et al, 1991.)

Among the unexamined or changed conditions are the following:

1. New population forecasts.

2. Impacts of water rates on consumption.

3. Impacts of demand curtailment …

Executive Summary: Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

This is a high level summary of the KWRRI study assessing the water supply concerns in the Kentucky River Basin.

Kybasin: A Water Supply Assessment Model For The Kentucky River Basin, J. Herman, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

KYBASIN is a computer model developed for the Kentucky River Authority by the Kentucky Water Reource Research Institute (KWRRI) for the express purpose of simulating the Kentucky River Basin under a severe drought. The model was developed as part of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. This study was authorized by the KRA in a contract with the KWRRI dated April 1, 1995. Ownership of the model is exclusively that of the Authority and specific rules governing KYBASIN'S distribution or license agreement nay be applicable. It is strongly recommended the user contact the Authority concerning this matter …

Kyrom: A Drought Management Model For The Kentucky River Basin Users Manual, J. Herman, L. Ormsbee

KWRRI Research Reports

The Kentucky River Operation and Management model is a computer application developed for the Kentucky River Authority by the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute (KWRRI) for the purpose of simulating the Kentucky River Basin during drought periods. The model was developed as part of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study. This study was authorized by the KRA in a contract with the KWRRI dated April 1, 1995. Ownership of the model is exclusively that of the Authority and specific rules governing KYROM's distribution or license agreement may be applicable. It is strongly recommended the user contact the …

Task L Report: Summary And Evaluation Of Water Supply Studies For The Kentucky River Basin, L. Ormsbee, J. Herman, G. Blomquist, W. Hoyt

KWRRI Research Reports

This report provides a review and critique of previous water supply studies for the Kentucky River Basin. The main focus of the review is on the 1990 Harza study, entitled Phase 1 Report: Water Demands and Water Supply Yield and Deficit.

Task Ll Report, Part 2: Evaluation Of Water Supplies In The Red River, Dix River, And Mainstem Watersheds Of The Kentucky River, D. I. Carey, A. W. Fogle, L. G. Morris

KWRRI Research Reports

This study was part of a larger study of water supplies throughout the Kentucky River Basin conducted by the Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute for the Kentucky River Authority. This report examines municipal and private water supplies in the Red River, Dix River, and mainstem Kentucky River watersheds. Municipal supplies which depend on the mainstem Kentucky River, and municipal and private supplies in the North, South, and Middle Fork watersheds of the Kentucky River basin are examined in separate reports.

Task I Report: Summary And Evaluation Of Previous Water Supply Studies For The Kentucky River Basin, Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the results of Task I of the KWRRI Kentucky River Basin Water Supply Assessment Study.The KWRRI study was requested by the Kentucky River Authority in order to provide a basis for management decisions for the Kentucky River Basin. This study was necessitated as a result of unexamined or changing conditions that could significantly impact the conclusions and recommendations of the previous HARZA studies (Harza, et al, 1990; Harza, et al, 1991).

Task V Report- Estimation Of The Responsiveness Of Water Use To Changes In Rates: A Methodology And Final Estimates Using Kawc Data, G. Blomquist, W. Hoyt

KWRRI Research Reports

No abstract provided.

Fish Lateral Line Neurophysiological And Neurobehavioral Responses As A Sensitive Water Quality Monitoring System, Hong Y. Yan

KWRRI Research Reports

Cadmium is a heavy metal ion that can cause deleterious effects on aquatic animals. This study uses both electrophysiological recordings from lateral line nerves and videotaping of schooling behavior to investigate the effects of cadmium exposure on fish. The fathead minnows were exposed to cadmium at a concentration of 450 μg/1 over a 24-hr period. Extracellular recording with a silver hook electrode was used to record compound action potentials from the lateral lines of control and experimental fish. After a short time exposure (24 hr) to cadmium ions, all of the electrophysiological activities of the lateral line nerves were suppressed. …

Groundwater Study: Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Usa Georgetown, Kentucky, Gary Felton, Lyle V. A. Sendlein, Teri Dowdy, Daryl Hines

KWRRI Research Reports

An eighteen month study of the Toyota Motor Manufacturing (TMM) plant site and the surrounding area was undertaken. The basic charge for this project was to characterize the groundwater that is potentially impacted by the TMM plant site. This included occurrence, flow direction, and, if possible, velocity. Because the area is karstified (has sinkholes, springs, caves, etc.) surface water and groundwater are intimately connected and, hence, surface water was frequently an important component of this work.

Data from TMM construction plans and monitoring work done subsequent to construction were elicited from the various repositories within the TMM infrastructure. Aerial color …

Chemical And Biological Monitoring Of A Constructed Wetland On Jones Branch Treating Acid Mine Drainage, Barbara A. Ramey, George Chalfant, Jon A. Walker

KWRRI Research Reports

Acid mine drainage (AMD) from an abandoned underground coal mine in the Jones Branch watershed in McCreary County, KY, substantially reduced water quality in Jones Branch. Downstream from the mine seeps, the pH was routinely below 4.5 and concentrations of most heavy metals, especially iron, were elevated. A cattail wetland (1,022 m²) was constructed on Jones Branch in 1988-1989 to obviate the effects of the AMD. Monthly chemical monitoring was performed on the water from above, from below, from the inlet and outlet of the wetland, and from the 25 cells within the wetland. Based on chemical monitoring, …

Lead In Kentucky Soils, T. W. Struttmann, Lyle V. A. Sendlein, Dave Fletcher

KWRRI Research Reports

This study reviewed the literature on the occurrence of lead in soils and its relationship to waste oil tank leaks. Many studies have been conducted on the natural occurrence of lead in rocks, soils and water. Very low levels (0.001 mg/l to 0.01 mg/l) are found in surface and groundwater, variable levels are found in soils (from less that 10 ppm to as high as 700 ppm but more normally a high of 70 ppm), and the lead levels found in rocks range from 7 to 80 mg/kg.

Risk assessment calculations have been made by several individuals, also with variable …

Risk Assessment Plan For Petroleum Underground Storage Tanks In Kentucky, Part 1: Gasoline, Wesley J. Birge, M. D. Kercher, D. P. Keogh, L. C. Taylor

KWRRI Research Reports

This report consists of three appendix:

• I Risk Assessment Procedures and Calculations
• II BTEX Half-life Estimates in Air, Soil, Groundwater, and Surface Water
• III Environmental and Ecological Effects of BTEX

Cso Impact Assessment For Banklick Creek, Lindell E. Ormsbee, A. Reddy, S. Gruzesky, A. Jain

KWRRI Research Reports

This report contains the results of a combined sewer overflow (CSO) impact assessment study for Banklick Creek, which flows into the Licking River just south of Covington, Kentucky in Kenton County, Kentucky. This study is a component of a larger study that was conducted to determine the general impact of CSOs in the Northern Kentucky Region. The study was conducted through the Kentucky Water Resource Research Institute of the University of Kentucky and was funded by the Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet through a grant from the United States Environmental Protection Agency.

A Survey Of Source And Finished Water Supplies For Giardia Cysts And Cryptosporidium Oocysts, Lisa Martin Sexton

KWRRI Research Reports

The occurrence of Giardia lamblia cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts was determined from source and treated drinking water supplies at selected water treatment facilities in Eastern Kentucky. Giardia and Cryptosporidium are two human protozoan parasites often found in water supplies due to fecal contamination. Characteristic cysts and oocysts were identified from large volume water samples, typically 100 gallons for raw samples and 1,000 gallons for finished water, using an indirect fluorescent antibody specific for Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Source water from four different water treatment facilities utilizing a reservoir, river, and two creeks were assayed. All sites exhibited Giardia lamblia …

Use Of Riparian Vegetated Filter Strips To Reduce Nitrate And Fecal Contamination In Surface Water, Mark S. Coyne, Robert L. Blevins, Rebecca A. Gilfillen

KWRRI Research Reports

This research assessed fecal bacteria trapping in surface runoff by grass filters and their potential to enhance NO₃^- removal via denitrification. Grass filter strips 9.0 m long trapped over 99% of the soil in surface runoff in 1992. Fecal coliform removal was less than 75%. In 1993, 9.0 and 4.5 m grass filter strips trapped 99 and 95% of the sediment, respectively. Fecal coliform trapping efficiency was 90% in 9.0 m grass filters and 75% in 4.5 m filters. Fecal streptococci trapping efficiency was 77% in 9.0 m grass filters and only 56% in 4.5 m filters. Fecal …

Kentucky Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant Sludge Survey, J. Keeling, Paul M. Mcginley

KWRRI Research Reports

A survey of solids removal from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Kentucky was conducted by the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Kentucky. The survey was made using both a mailed form and a followed up phone communication through a period from June, 1993 to April, 1994. The results of that survey were compiled using a spreadsheet program and are available on diskette from the authors. The results of the survey are also presented in the eight Tables herein.

Research Reports From Status Report: Identification Of Appropriate Standards For Corrective Action For A Release From Petroleum Underground Storage Tanks, G. Blomquist, Lyle V. A. Sendlein, Thomas Tobin, T. W. Struttmann, James S. Dinger, Paul M. Mcginley, Burl Naugle, Robert Guthries, Ralph R. Huffsey

KWRRI Research Reports

This document is a collection of research reports:

• Cost of Closure and Remediation for Petroleum Underground Storage Tanks
• Assessment of Number and Distribution of USTs
• Analysis of Potable Water Sources in Kentucky
• Analysis of Well Data and Soil Parameters as Related to the STATSGO Kentucky General Soil Map
• Petroleum Products: Chemical Composition, Tocxicological and Environmental Data
• Health Risk Analysis for Selected Petroleum Compounds
• Summary of Analytical Methods
• Soil Volume Calculations for UST Installations
• Generic Organic Containment Pathway Analysis for Components of Petroleum in Soil and Groundwater

Pathway Analysis Of Contaminant Fate And Transport For Generic Soil Standards And Application To Kentucky Underground Storage Tanks, Paul M. Mcginley

KWRRI Research Reports

A generic contaminant migration pathway was used to develop concentration adjustment factors relating soil contamination levels to concentrations in migrating media. These concentration adjustments are based on relatively simple models and parameter values from the literature. The methodology is a screening level tool and is not designed to be used in the site specific analysis where additional information on the source of contamination and the local conditions is available.

The results demonstrate that contaminant concentrations can be very sensitive to the processes which occur during the migration of contaminants.Because the rates of these processes may be site specific it is …

Evaluation Of Solids Generation In Lagoon Treatment Systems: Application To Bardstown, Kentucky, Paul M. Mcginley

KWRRI Research Reports

This report summarizes the results of a study which investigated the sludge accumulation in lagoon systems through both literature review and evaluation of the Bardstown wastewater treatment plant. Much of the information in this report has been presented in more detail in the Master's thesis of Jon Keeling (Keeling, 1994).

Kentucky Municipal Wastewater Sludge: Generation, Management And Pathogen Reduction, C. Oligee, J. Keeling, Paul M. Mcginley

KWRRI Research Reports

This document was prepared as part of an investigation into sludge quantities and pathogen reduction. It has been written as an introduction and reference for operators, municipal officials, engineers and regulators as they assess their sludge management options.