Water Resource Management Commons^™

Identification And Modeling The Impact Of Marine Shale Bedrock On Groundwater And Stream Salinity: Upper Colorado River Basin, Christopher J. Duffy, Jerome J. Jurinak, Sanjay Sangani, Ali Azimi

Reports

Recent studies have shown that groundwater is a major contributor to stream salinity in the Upper Colorado River Basin. The primary salt sources are the marine shales and shale residuum that underlie the soils of much of the basin. A field site in the Price River Basin, a tributary to the Green and Colorado Rivers, was selected to study the physical and chemical factors that control the interactions between groundwater and these shales. Preliminary data were available at the site as a result of a Bureau of Reclamation study conducted by CH2M Hill. On the basis of the CH2M Hill …

Water Education ... With Emphasis On Deer Creek Reservoir - Provo River Drainage Area (Grades 5-8), Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen, Mardell C. Parrish

Reports

Introduction: The major goals of this publication are to: * promote an awareness of the importance of water resources associated with the target watershed; * provide teachers with learning resources which are easily used in the classroom or in the field; and * provide teachers with teaching materials which help satisfy State Core Standards.

Water Education Grades K-6, Donald R. Daugs, C. Earl Israelsen

Reports

Preface: Water Activites for Elementary Children is based upon the assumption that children learn best by doing. In education, and especilly in science, talking is not necessarily teaching. The most desireable types of learning involve direct, first hand experience, not just a teacher's interpretation of these experiences. This set of learning experiences has been designed for teachers, teachers-in-training, and children, Each concept includes background information for the teacher and learning activities for the children. Lessons are designed so taht a teacher can successfully teach a unit or lession with a minimum of knowledge, preparation, and equipmnet. Most of the suggested …

High Recovery Desalting Of Brackish Water By Electrodialysis: Field Tests At Yuma Desalting Test Facility & At La Verkin Springs, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Water

An ED (electrodialysis pilot plant achieved high desalting recoveries of nearly 95 percent at the YDTF (Yuma Desalting Test Facility, Arizona) and 92 percent at LVS (La Verkin Springs, Utah) during over 4000 hours of operation. Brine TDS (total dissolved solids) concentrations of nearly 100 000 g/m³ were obtained at LVS, which is a greater brine concentration than is possible using RO (reverse osmosis). The LVS required ED energy (while producing a product TDS concentration of about 1000 g/m³) is estimated to be about one-third the energy requirements of a commercially available distillation brine concentrator. Lowering product …

A Statistical Comparison Of A Direct Filtration And A Conventional Water Treatment Facility In The Intermountain Region, Susan K. Burns, V. Dean Adams

Reports

Interest in low-cost direct filtration facilities and their effectiveness in treating the potable water sources of the Intermountain Region is increasing as the need for treated water supplies increase. Direct filtration is a water treatment scheme which does not include sedimentation and in some cases flocculation. Compared to conventional treatment, direct filtration has lowered capital costs, reduced space requirement, and decreased sludge quantities. Moreover, the direct filtration process may offer large reductions in coagulant dosages and costs.

Currently information comparing a direct filtration system to a conventional water treatment system in the Intermountain area is not readily available. The specific …

Mix Design Investigation - Roller Compacted Concrete Construction, Upper Stillwater Dam, Utah, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Dams

Upper Stillwater Dam will be the first concrete dam constructed by the Bureau of Reclamation utilizing the RCC (roller compacted concrete) construction technique. RCC is concrete with zero slump consistency, which is deposited in horizontal lifts and consolidated in place by a smooth drum vibrating roller. This method of construction was first proposed in the early 1970's [1, 2, 3]* and was demonstrated successfully in emergency spillway repairs at Tarbela Dam, Pakistan [3], in the construction of Shimajigawa Dam, Japan, and Willow Creek Dam, Oregon.

Soft-Op User Manual For Microcomputer Aided Process Control Of The Oxidation Ditch Facility, Drew D. Mcintyre

Reports

This manual is intended to be used in conjunction with the program SOFT-OP. SOFT-OP was developed at the Division of Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah. Funding for the program development was supplied by Tremonton City Corporation, Tremonton, Utah. Foreword: SOFT-OP has been developed for use by operators of oxidation ditch wastewater treatment plants (extended aeration activated sludge). The program serves as a useful took in daily plant operation by assisting the operator in various tasks related to process control. These tasks are grouped within the following three classifications: 1. Implementation of control parameters 2. Analysis of process characteristics …

Review Of In-Place Treatment Techniques For Contaminated Surface Soils - Volume 2: Background Information For In Situ Treatment, Ronald C. Sims, Darwin L. Sorensen, Judith Sims, Joan E. Mclean, Ramzi Mahmood, R. Ryan Dupont

Reports

This second volume of a two volume manual on in-place treatment of hazardous waste contaminated soil supports the treatment methodology described in Volume 1 (EPA- ). The information presented on monitoring to determine treatment effectiveness, characterization and evaluation of the behavior and fate of hazardous constituents in soil/waste systems, and properties (including adsorption, degradation, and volatilization parameters) for various compounds is intended to help the manual user in making more complex decisions and in selecting analyses concerning site, soil, and waste interactions. This report was submitted in partial fulfillment of Contract No. 68-03-3113 by Utah State University under the sponsorship …

Erosion And Sedimentation In Utah: A Guide For Control, C. Earl Israelsen, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

No abstract provided.

New Concepts For Preliminary Hydropower Design: The Powermax Slope, Binary Turbine Sizing, And Static Regain, Frank W. Haws, Eugene K. Israelsen

Reports

In Utah during the 1960s, the cost of producing electrical energy was as much, or in some cases more, by hydroelectric generation than by plants using steam from coal fired boilers. The relatively high hydropower cost was generally attributed to maintenance and replacement costs associated with plants that had been build in the 1920s. Utah Power & Light Company during the 1960 period decided not to renew power licenses and to abandon many small hdyroplants. Since 1973, rising coal and related fossil fuel costs have caused steam generation costs to accelerate and have made hydroelectric generation relatively more attractive. However, …

Hydropower Potential At State Dam Logan River, Frank W. Haws

Reports

No abstract provided.

Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Deer Creek Reservoir, Jay J. Messer, Thomas B. Hardy, Jean M. Ihnat

Reports

Summary and Conclusions: Laboratory analyses of sediment samples recovered from Deer Creek Reservoir showed the sediments to have amoderate potential for serving as a source of phosphorus (P) for the overlying water solumn under anaerobic conditions. This source could account for the occurrence or exacerbation of blue-green algal blooms in the upper end of the reservoir when the sediment surface becomes anaerobic late in the summer. It could also delay the response of the reservoir to programs that decrease external P loading, if the upper end of the reservoir still has large enough algal blooms to render the sediment-water interface …

Abstracts Of Specialty Conference Papers; Delineation Of Landslide, Flash Flood And Debris Flow Hazards In Utah, B. Kaliser, M. K. Mccarter, R. Pack, J. Newman

Reports

No abstract provided.

Trihalomethane Compounds And Their Precursors In Salt Lake County: Evaluation Of Trihalomethane Source And Production, Kyle R. Cook, V. Dean Adams, Dennis B. George, Vincent A. Lamarra, Richard A. Hanson

Reports

Salt Lake County, Utah, watershed streams, drinking water treatment plants, and distribution systems were monitored for a period of one year or greater to determine the seasonal watershed precursor load, trihalomethane (THM) formation, and correlation between the two in the drinking water supplies. In addition, unit treatment processes were examined at Parleys, Big and Little Cottonwood water treatment plants, in the spring and late summer, to evaluate THM precursor reduction and THM formation. Additional studies were also conducted to appraise the potential contribution of natural sources to watershed THM precursor loading. Total organic carbon was used to estimate THM precursor …

A Groundwater Model Of Cache Valley, Utah, Calvin G. Clyde, Roland W. Jeppson, Win-Kai Liu

Reports

This report describes the development, calibration and use of quantitative, predictive management model for the groundwater in the Utah portion of the Cache Valley in northern Utah. The quasi-three-dimensional finite difference computer model was adapted from the U.S. Geological Survey’s Trescott and Larson model and simulates the groundwater levels and flows in the groundwater basin. The variable spacing grid system is 23 nodes x 38 x 2 and represents the complex natural system by a simpler approximation with one unconfined and one confined aquifer and the appropriate boundary and initial conditions. River nodes, spring nodes, and constant head nodes were …

Management Of Groundwater Recharge Areas In The Mouth Of Weber Canyon, Calvin G. Clyde, Christopher J. Duffy, Edward P. Fisk, Daniel H. Hoggan, David E. Hansen

Reports

Proper management of surface and groundwater resources is important for their prolonged and a beneficial use. Within the Weber Delta area there has existed a continual decline in the piezometric surface of the deep confined aquifer over the last 40 years. This decline ranges from approximately 20 feet along the eastern shore of the Great Salt Lake to 50 feet along in the vicinity of Hill Air Force Base. Declines in the piezometric surface are undesirable because of the increased well installation costs, increased pumping costs, decreased aquifer storage, increased risk of salt water intrusion, and the possibility of land …

Direct Filtration Versus Conventional Water Treatment In The Intermountain Region, Susan K. Burns, V. Dean Adams, Steel B. Maloney

Reports

The direct filtration water treatment scheme does not include sedimentation and in some cases flocculation. Compared to conventional treatment, direct filtration has lowered capital costs, reduced space requirements, decreased sludge quantities, and reduced coagulant dosages. One objective of this research was the statistical comparison of the direct filtration, Utah Valley Water Purification Plant (Orem, Utah) and the conventional Little Cottonwood Water Treatment Plant (Salt Lake City, Utah). These treatment plants are the two most compatible treatment plants having the highest correlation of source water in the local area. The Little Cottonwood plant receives approximately 65 percent of its sources water …

Use Of The Hewlett-Packard 9810 Calculator System In Water Quality Analysis, Jerald S. Fifield

Reports

Introduction: It is the purpose of this manual to illustrate the utilization of the Hewlett-Packard, Model 9810A calculator for analyzing water quality data. Familiarization of each program's capabilities is essential for successful application, thus the user should read over the section used before beginning. Each section is complete with instructions and illustrative examples.

Review And Evaluation Of The Gibson Dome High Level Nuclear Waste Repository Environmental Assessment: Geohydrologic Issues, Christopher J. Duffy, Brad Hall

Reports

Introduction: Background/Authorization: This report is meant to provide a technical review and evaluation of Department of Energy documents concerning groundwater, radionuclide travel time and monitoring issues relative to siting a high level nuclear waste repository in the Gibson Dome area in Southern Utah. in so doing we have, during a relatively short period of time, examined in detail the Department of Energy Guidelines concerning high level nuclear waste disposal (1983) including revisions (1984), and each draft of the Environmental Assessments for Davis and Lavender Canyon, up to and including the fifth draft (dated July 27, 1984). In addition, a large …

Summary Report: Updating The Estimation Of Water Surface Elevation Probabilities And Associated Damages For Great Salt Lake, L. Douglas James, David S. Bowles, D. George Chadwick, J. Paul Riley

Reports

Problem Statement: Rising levels of the Great Salt Lake are severely impacting private and public property. in the private sector, the mineral industry, the railroad, and a number of recreation enterprises are suffering major damages. In the publi sector, the State of Utah is esperiencing large losses inflicted on roads and highways, waterfowl and related wildlife areas, and park and recreation facilities. The lake is partitioned by a semipervious railroad causeway into a north and a south arm with the sourth arm having about twice the water surface area and usually being two or three feet higher because it receibes …

A Microsystem Sediment-Water Simulation Study For The Proposed Jordanelle Reservoir, Heber City, Utah, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Water

The technique of microsystem sediment-water simulation was used to predict water quality data for the proposed Jordanelle Reservoir, Heber City, Utah. Simulation microsystems were prepared for four sites located in the north arm of the reservoir basin including two sites located in an abandoned acid mine tailings pond. Data obtained from the tailings pond microsystems indicated that low pH water and high trace metal concentrations will exist in the north arm of the reservoir. These data suggested that some kind of membrane or compacted earth lining will be necessary to seal and contain the mine spoilage. Other sites in the …

Characterization Of Water From Laverkin Springs, Utah, United States Department Of The Interior, Bureau Of Reclamation

Water

Analytical water data obtained from two separate test programs at the LaVerkin Springs site, Washington County, southwestern Utah, were evaluated. During the first analyses, from February 11 through November 6, 1972, water samples were obtained weekly from 14 atmospheric springs. During the second analyses from November 1, 1979 through August 27, 1980, water samples were obtained weekly at aquifer pressure by pumping from a well representative of the 14 springs. Acquired data included characteristics of the water in 1972, and again in 1979-1980, uniformity of the water in the springs tested, variations of these characteristics within the time of year, …

Interagency Hazard Mitigation: 90-Day Post Flood Recovery Progress Report, Hazard Mitigation Team (Utah)

Elusive Documents

As a result of an extended period of abnormally high precipitation, prolonged snow melt, and subsequent high water tales, Utahns, in 1983 suffered from landslides, debris flows, flooding, and a dam failure. On April 30, 1983, the President determined the Spanish Fork slide-dam and Thistle flood covering Utah, Carbon, and Emery Counties was of sufficient seventy and magnitude to issue a Major Disaster Declaration under Public Law 93-288. The incident period was not closed until July 1, 1983. By the time all flooding had ceased, nineteen additional counties (over 75% of Utah) had been included in the Declaration.

Growth And Activity Of Juvenile Mosquitofish: Temperature And Ration Effects, Wayne A. Wurtsbaugh, J. Cech

Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications

The effects of constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 C) and ration size on the growth rates and activity of juvenile mosquitofish Gambusia affinis (mean wet weight, about 20 mg) were measured in laboratory experiments. On ad libitum rations of Tubifex spp. worms, food-consumption rates of mosquitofish were very high, ranging from 7% dry body weight/day at 10 C to 83%/day at 35 C. Growth increased from 0% dry body weight/day at 10 C to 21%/day at 30 C and declined slightly at 35 C. Gross efficiencies (100 growth/food consumption) increased from 0 at 10 C to …

Reconnaissance Of Sediment-Phosphorus Relationships In Upper Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Jay J. Messer, Jean M. Ihnat, Bruce Mok, David Wegner

Reports

Executive Summary: A reconnaissance-level study was conducted in Flaming Gorge Reservoir, Wyoming, during the late summer of 1982 in order to determine the possible importance of the sediment sin exacerbating the blue-green algal blooms that occur in summer in the upper reservoir. Sediments can affect phytoplankton dynamics in reservoirs on an annual basis by delyaing the availability of particulate P associated with spring runoff until late summery, when the warm water temperatures and the light climate favor the growth of blue-green algae. Over the longer term, however, sediments that historically have served as a trap for part of the annual …

An Experimental Investigation Of The Effects Of Crude Oil On Two Freshwater Lake Ecosystems, Martin D. Werner, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra

Reports

Responses of two freshwater lake ecosystems of the Intermountain West to crude oil impaction were investigated. The research was conducted in two phases; in the first phase effects of crude oil were studied on an ecosystem established in three phase laboratory microcosms (gaseous-aqueous-sediment), which simulated the natural lakes. Notable responses of the microcosm ecosystem to oil impaction included: an increased oxygen demand by the biological community, nutrient immobilization, a reduction in plant biomass accumulation and a heterotrophically dominated ecosystem. The increased availability of biologically degradable reduced carbon (i.e., the oil) and nutrient immobilization, rather than toxic effects of oil on …

Fecal Coliform Release Studies And Development Of A Preliminary Nonpoint Source Transport Model For Indicator Bacteria, Everett P. Springer, Gerald F. Gifford, Michael P. Windham, Richard Thelin, Michael Kress

Reports

The effect of grazing on water quality has been documented by bacteriological studies of streams adjacent to grazed areas. Bacterial release from fecal deposits is a parameter of the pollution transport mechanism that is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine a fecal coliform release function for cattle fecal deposits. Standard cowpies were rained on with a rainfall simulator, and the fecal coliform counts were determined using the most probably number (MPN) method of enumeration. The fecal deposits were rained on at ages 2 through 100 days. The effects of rainfall intensity and recurrent rainfall were tested. …

Effects Of Cadmium On Streams And Irrigated Agriculture In The Presence And Absence Of Oil Shale Leachate, Douglas A. Selby, Jean M. Ihnat, Fredrick J. Post, Jay J. Messer

Reports

Artificial streams, soil perfusion columns, and potted plants were exposed to 20 ug Cd/l in the presence and absence of unretorted oil shale leachate. High cadmium accumulations occurred in the stream biota, but did not measurably affect community structure or function. The presence of oil shale leachate had no effect on bioaccumulation or ecosystem structure or function. Nitrification in soil columns was enhanced by the presence of the organic fraction of oil shale leachate, but this effect was not observed when cadmium was present. Crop accumulation of cadmium was somewhat higher in alfalfa and radishes irrigated with leachate, but did …

The Evaluation Of Metals And Other Substances Released Into Coal Mine Accrual Waters On The Wasatch Plateau Coal Field, Utah, Alberta J. Seierstad, V. Dean Adams, Vincent A. Lamarra, Nancy J. Hoefs, Robert E. Hinchee

Reports

Six sites on the Wasatch Plateau were chosen representing subsurface coal mines which were discharging or collecting accrual water on this coal field. Water samples were collected monthly at these sites for a period of 1 year (May 1981 to April 1982). Samples were taken before and after each mine's treatment system. Water sampels were analyzed for major anions and cations, trace metals, physical properaties, nutrients, total organic carbon, oil and grease, trihalomethanes, and algal assay. Predictions were made as to the possible effects these coal mine accrual waters would have when used for drinking water, irrigation water, stock and …

Hydraulics Of Solving Unsteady Debris Flow, Roland W. Jeppson, Salvador A. Rodriguez

Reports

This report describes methods for determining the depths, velocities, and flow rates of debris flows. As used herein debris flow consists of water rand solid particles sot that the density of the mixture is roughly twice as large as water, and due to the accumulation of large solid particles the viscosity of the mixture is large enough for the flow to exhibit typical laminar flow properties in which adjacent layers slide with respect to each other rather than intermix as occurs in turbulent flows of water for example. A previous report from this project proposed a basic equation for estimating …