Water Resource Management Commons^™

Councilmanic Perceptions Of Water Policy For The Lake Gaston Water Supply Project In Virginia And North Carolina, Beverly Mcafee Hedberg

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Management

The purpose of this case study is to analyze the perceptions of city council members in formulating and implementing policy on the Lake Gaston Water Supply Project in Virginia and North Carolina. A comparison of the perceptions of twenty-three members of three city councils: Henderson, North Carolina; Roanoke Rapids, North Carolina; and Virginia Beach, Virginia serves as the basis for analysis. Their perceptions of the issues and how they view other actors in the intergovernmental arena, within the context of the Lake Gaston Water Supply Project.

Specifically, the research examines how city council members view (1) water-policy issues, (2) the …

Evaluation Of The Effects Of Afff Inputs On The Vip Biological Nutrient Removal Process And Pass-Through Toxicity. Phase 1a. Volume Ii. Appendix Vii. Acute Toxicity Test Results, Mujde Erten-Unal, Gary C. Schafran

Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications

This report discusses the results of a bench scale study conducted to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of untreated AFFF wastewater to the Virginia Initiative Plant VIP biological nutrient removal process. A bench-scale study was conducted to evaluate the potential inhibitory effects of untreated AFFF wastewater to the nitrification process of the Virginia Initiative Plant biological nutrient removal system. Under this testing, bench-scale reactors simulating the nitrification process were loaded at various AFFF concentrations and the influence on the process performance was evaluated. The purpose of this effort was to determine the level of AFFF that could be incorporated into …

The Pollution Effects Of Pleasure/Work Boat Sewage Discharges On Fecal Contamination Levels Of Waters In And Around Marinas And Other Places Where Boats Are Moored On The Eastern Shore Of Virginia, George H. Bangs

Community & Environmental Health Theses & Dissertations

Contamination of seafood harvested from and recreational areas of the Chesapeake Bay, its tributaries and the Atlantic coast inshore waters may cause health problems for people consuming the seafood or coming in contact with the waters by swimming, water skiing, or other water sports. These health problems include, but not limited to, dysentery, typhoid and hepatitis (Natchez, 1990). This is a preliminary study into the level of fecal pollution generated by sewage discharges from boats in marinas and other places where boats are moored on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. Sites selected for the study included; (I) marinas and other …

A Study Of The Chlorination Products Of Methionine In Model Solutions And In Wastewater, D. Scott Winters

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Model solutions of the amino acid methionine were chlorinated to seven chlorine-to-nitrogen (Cl₂/N) molar ratios. After 30 minutes, the solutions were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At a Cl₂/N molar ratio of 1, methionine sulfoxide was found to be the main product. At Cl₂/N molar ratios ≥ 2, a mixture of methionine sulfoxide, methionine sulfone, an unidentified sulfoxide (product 1), and N-chloro-3-(methylsulfonyl) propionaldimine are formed. These products were identified by comparison to synthesized standards which were characterized by ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, ion trap mass spectroscopy, …

Stable N-Chloraldimines And Other Chlorination Products Of Phenylalanine In Model Solutions And In A Wastewater, Barbara L. Conyers

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Model solutions of the amino acid phenylalanine were chlorinated to seven Cl/N mole ratios. The by-products were characterized using gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, GC/MS, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. At the lower Cl/N ratios N-chlorophenylalanine and phenylacetaldehyde were identified as the main products while phenylacetonitrile and N-chlorophenylacetaldimine were the major products at Cl/N ratios of 2.0 and beyond. The concentration of phenylalanine in a municipal wastewater was determined. Using a radiotracer the chlorination products of phenylalanine in the wastewater at the 7 Cl/N ratios were identified as those seen in the model solutions. The distribution of …

Reactions Of Organic N-Chloramines In The Gastric Fluid Of The Rat, Kathryn E. Mazina

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

Using chlorine as a drinking water disinfectant may have potential health effects due to its reactivity with organic amino nitrogen compounds found in the stomach. Organic N-chloramines have been shown to form in the stomachs of laboratory rats. The possible reactions of N-chloramines in the stomach fluid were examined in this study using a model radiolabeled N-chloramine. ³⁶Cl-N-Chloropiperidine, was synthesized and purified to remove ³⁶Cl-chloride. Stomach fluid was obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats which had been first fasted for 24 or 48 hours and then administered 3 mL of deionized water. Different concentrations of radiolabeled chloramine were reacted with …

Leachate Monitoring In Naturally Saline Groundwater Chesapeake Landfill Chesapeake Virginia, T. Britt Mcmillan

OES Theses and Dissertations

Groundwater chemistry around the Chesapeake municipal landfill was monitored over a one year period. Ten sample sites as well as two surface water sites were used to monitor water quality. Two wells, one at 3 m and the other at 10 m were located at each site. Surface water samples were taken from the Elizabeth River, north of the landfill, and a tidal channel, west of the landfill. Seven groundwater sites were downgradient of the landfill and three sites were upgradient (control sites).

The landfill overlies a tidal marsh, approximately 100 m south of the intracoastal waterway (Elizabeth River). Dredge …

Selecting Non-Point Source Pollution Treatment Practices Using Linear Optimization, John Gardy Garland Iii

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

This paper provides a case study application of a linear optimization program as a water quality management tool. The optimization program seeks to minimize the cost of nonpoint source pollution control by selecting the best combination of pollution control management practices for Hampton, Virginia. The management practice options are grass swale roadways, porous pavers, ponds, detention basins and fertilizer management education. Management practice selection is limited by constraints on land-use and water quality. Pollutants evaluated are total nitrogen, total phosphorus, suspended solids, fecal coliforms and biochemical oxygen demand (five-day). The value in the water quality constraints for pollution loading on …

Groundwater Management By Linear Programming, Seungho Song

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Three hydraulic optimization models are developed. These models combine the finite difference equations of two-dimensional groundwater flow in composite aquifers with various linear programming techniques. The hydraulic submodel employed in these hydraulic optimization models is so versatile that it accounts for time varying pumpage, leaky artesian conditions, a variety of boundary conditions, induced infiltrations from streams or rivers, and conversion from artesian to water table conditions. The objective of submodel 1 is to maximize the total hydraulic head from pumping wells at the end of a study period. The objective of submodel 2 is the same as submodel 1, but …

Treatment Process Optimization At The Lee Hall Water Treatment Plant Newport News, Virginia, Marcy Granum Garnett

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Various methods can be used in operating a water treatment plant. It is desirable to produce good quality water as efficiently and economically as possible. This study evaluates each phase of operation at the Newport News (Lee Hall} water treatment plant for overall efficiency.

This study begins by giving a detailed description of the Lee Hall water treatment plant. The description includes sources of water, a description of each treatment process, a plan view of the treatment plant, and a flow diagram of the treatment plant.

Based on the raw water data, flow rates, and the treatment plant characteristics, the …

Input And Distribution Of Sewage Derived Sedimentary Material Adjacent To Chesapeake-Elizabeth Sewage Outfall, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Robert Carroll Brown

OES Theses and Dissertations

The concentrations of coprostanol and hydrocarbons were measured in the effluent from the Chesapeake-Elizabeth sewage treatment plant and surface sediments from the area surrounding the effluent discharge site. Most of the coprostanol (>84%) and hydrocarbons (>91%) were associated with particulates in the effluent. Some of these particles were incorporated into the sedimentary column within the study area, while some may have escaped from the area.

The study area is found to be a dynamic area where changes in the percentage and distribution of fine-grained sediments occur over periods of months. The movement of fine-grained sediments is an important …

Evaluating The Effects Of Alum With Polyelectrolyte Coagulant Aids In Treatment Of Low Turbidity Waters, Kenneth John Stockwell

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Potable water sources usually require treatment for removal of suspended organic and inorganic particles. Conventional treatment processes incorporate chemical coagulants for removal of these suspended particles. Alum is a widely used coagulant that can provide adequate removals of turbidity. However, high alum dosages are required for treatment of low turbidity waters producing a voluminous sludge that is difficult to dewater.

Recent Federal regulations have limited disposal options for chemical sludges. This has prompted a reevaluation of coagulants and their dosages with the goal of reducing the amount of sludge produced and improving the sludge handling characteristics necessary for ultimate disposal. …

Isolation And Enumeration Of Enteric Viruses From Primary Wastewater Sludge, Michael Wayne Nath

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

The presence of large numbers of enteric viruses in wastewaters has resulted in concern regarding their significance and consequences for humans. Assessments of relative significance or consequences may most accurately be made following precise measurements of the range of virus types and amounts in wastewaters and sludges and after epidemiological considerations. In this study, results are presented pertaining to enteric virus isolation, concentration, and enumeration from primary wastewater sludges.

As an integral part of a comparison of isolation procedures, several anionic surfactants were examined for extraction of enteric viruses from primary wastewater sludges. Plaquing efficiencies for poliovirus type 2 and …

An Engineering Solution To Improve Water Quality In A Tidal Lagoon, Richard Warren Price

Civil & Environmental Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Rising demand for better water quality stimulated research and development of ways to improve the quality level in existing as well as proposed water systems. At present, most of the solutions focus on biological and chemical processes.

Many natural or man-made water bodies act as receivers for both point and non-point pollution sources. Employment of biological and chemical treatment has proved successful in many of these cases; however, in some cases a more natural physical solution of an engineering mode would be more desirable. A "flushing" technique using the tidal fluctuation as a driving force has been investigated and the …

The Economic Aspects Of Water Pollution By Naval Vessels In The Port Of Charleston, South Carolina, John Edward O'Connor

Economics Theses & Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Comparative Limnological Survey Of Brackish-Water Lake And A Fresh-Water Lake At Mount Trashmore, Virginia Beach, Virginia, Gene Ramon Cocke

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

No abstract.