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Articles 2551 - 2580 of 2600
Full-Text Articles in Sustainability
Data Modeling And Analysis Of Coal Resources Based On 3dmine Software, Liu Xiaoning, Luo Jinhui, Ma Xiaoli, Dong Zhibo
Data Modeling And Analysis Of Coal Resources Based On 3dmine Software, Liu Xiaoning, Luo Jinhui, Ma Xiaoli, Dong Zhibo
Coal Geology & Exploration
Taking No.3 coal in Gucheng coal mine, Shandong Province as the target, 3D coal seam entity models were built in 3DMine software, coaly quality indices' distributions were analyzed and coal reserve was calculated and compared to the reserve estimation in method of geological block. Firstly, a boreholes database is established using the geological data and borehole data of the target, and a 3D surface model of the coal seam with faults embedded was constructed. Then, the surface model was interpolated into an entity blocks model through the algorithm of inverse distance weighted(IDW) interpolation. Finally, the recoverable coal reserve of the …
Characteristics Of Height Of Water Flowing Fractured Zone Caused During Ful-Ly-Mechanized Caving Mining In Huanglong Coalfield, Li Chaofeng
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to study the law of height of water flowing fractured zone caused by fully-mechanized caving mining in Huanglong coalfield, this paper has systematically collected the measured data in the region, and methods of mathematical statistics and regression analysis were used to study the relationship among the height of water flowing fractured zone, width of working face, depth of coal seam and height of coal mining. The results show that:When the width of working face was less than 240 m and the height of coal mining was 8.5 to 9.5 m, the height of water flowing fractured zone under …
Research On Collapsibility Of A Loess Site In Pakistan, Liu Chunlong, Zhang Zhiqiang, Liu Fengyin, Liu Naifei, Sun Hongchao, Lyu Wenjun
Research On Collapsibility Of A Loess Site In Pakistan, Liu Chunlong, Zhang Zhiqiang, Liu Fengyin, Liu Naifei, Sun Hongchao, Lyu Wenjun
Coal Geology & Exploration
The loess of an area in Pakistan is the Quaternary Holocene alluvium. The study and existing geological data in this area are relatively few, and special research is needed. In order to determine the distribution and collapsibility of the lo-ess, based on the construction distribution of the loess site, undisturbed soil sample was selected at the typical location. The unconfined compression strength tests and compressive tests were carried out. The structural characteristics of loess were quantitatively described by structural index. The self-weight collapsible coefficient and collapsible coefficient of loess were determined, the self-weight settlement and the total settlement were calculated …
Method For Determination Of Measurent Time Of Resistivity Logging In Artificial Well Liquid, Wang Haijun, Ma Liang
Method For Determination Of Measurent Time Of Resistivity Logging In Artificial Well Liquid, Wang Haijun, Ma Liang
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to solve the problem of determining the most critical parameter of the logging time of artificial well fluid resistivity logging, and get rid of the method that depends on the construction experience for a long time, guide logging technicians to obtain reliable logging curves, from the factors influencing the measurement time, the mass conservation law was used to build the calculation model for the best measurement time of logging, the computational formula for the best measurement time was derived, which was verified through in-site contrast experiment of boreholes. The results show that the computational formula set up by …
Table Of Contents, The Editors
Technology And Method Of Cbm Concurrent Exploration During Coal Resources Exploration, Lin Yabing, Qin Yong, Duan Zhonghui, Ma Dongmin
Technology And Method Of Cbm Concurrent Exploration During Coal Resources Exploration, Lin Yabing, Qin Yong, Duan Zhonghui, Ma Dongmin
Coal Geology & Exploration
The coal seam serves as a geological carrier for CBM, and exploration of CBM and coal resources is a man-datory requirement for the management of national mineral resources. Based on the practice of project exploration in recent years, it analyzed the evaluation criteria of CBM resources in the process of coal resources exploration. On this basis, the exploration ideas, exploration methods, tasks, report preparations have proposed a method system for CBM in the ex-ploration of coal resources. According to the particularity of CBM exploration work methods, CBM seismic, well logging, drilling, well log, gas drainage, and engineering quality acceptance methods …
Trajectory Design Of Oblique Section In Nearly Horizontal Directional Hole In Inclined Formation In Underground Coal Mine, Zhang Yingjie, Zhao Yongzhe, Yang Zhong, Mo Haitao
Trajectory Design Of Oblique Section In Nearly Horizontal Directional Hole In Inclined Formation In Underground Coal Mine, Zhang Yingjie, Zhao Yongzhe, Yang Zhong, Mo Haitao
Coal Geology & Exploration
Trajectory design of the near-horizontal directional drilling technology in underground coal mine is one of key aspects to successfully implement the technology. The trajectory of hole in a nearly horizontal formation is designed generally by two-dimensional method, and this method usually leads to the problem that the deflecting section of the hole travels out of the inclined target formation.Therefor, the calculation methods of the drilled formation true thickness were studied in the paper, the method using the unit normal vector of formation was proposed, and computation table in Excel was developed to guide trajectory design of near-horizontal directional drilling. The …
Experimental Of Water Unlocking Stimulation Mechanism On Surfactant Fracturing Fluid, Song Jinxing, Yu Shiyao, Su Xianbo, Wang Qian
Experimental Of Water Unlocking Stimulation Mechanism On Surfactant Fracturing Fluid, Song Jinxing, Yu Shiyao, Su Xianbo, Wang Qian
Coal Geology & Exploration
This paper presents an experimental study of water unlocking stimulation mechanism on surfactant fracturing fluid based on the measurements of surface tension, contact angle, gas-phase permeabilities and desorption of nitrogen on synthetic coal samples. The coking coal in Liulin zone of Hedong coal field was used as testing object in this study. Active water and surfactant fracturing fluids were used as testing liquids in this study. Results show that the surfactant fracturing fluid(1.5%KCl+0.05%AN) reduces the surface tension of active water fracturing fluid(1.5%KCl) and increases the wettabil-ity of active water fracturing fluid to coal reservoir; the surfactant fracturing fluid reduces the …
The Characteristics Of Organic Matter In Coal-Measure Source Rocks And Coal-Measure Gas Resource Potential In Eastern Henan Province, Yang Yanqing, Zhang Xiaodong, Xu Yakun, Zhang Peng, Wang Kun, Zhu Chunhui
The Characteristics Of Organic Matter In Coal-Measure Source Rocks And Coal-Measure Gas Resource Potential In Eastern Henan Province, Yang Yanqing, Zhang Xiaodong, Xu Yakun, Zhang Peng, Wang Kun, Zhu Chunhui
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation potential of coal-measure source rocks in eastern Henan Province, based on the measurement results of organic carbon content, vitrinite reflectance and the identification of maceral and type of kerogen in source rocks, the organic geochemical characteristics and the resource potential of coal-measure gas in different blocks of eastern Henan Province were comprehensively analyzed, and favorable blocks for coal-measure gas exploration were designated. The results show that the organic carbon mass fraction of coal-measure source rocks presents low as a whole(less than 1.5%). Kerogen in coal-measures source rocks is mainly of type Ⅲ and …
Analysis Of Water Abundance Characteristics Of Sandstone Aquifer In Luohe Formation On The Basis Of Arcgis, Hou Enke, Long Tianwen, Liu Qingli, Wang Fei, Fan Zhigang
Analysis Of Water Abundance Characteristics Of Sandstone Aquifer In Luohe Formation On The Basis Of Arcgis, Hou Enke, Long Tianwen, Liu Qingli, Wang Fei, Fan Zhigang
Coal Geology & Exploration
Aquifer water abundance evaluation is the prerequisite for coalmine water inflow prediction and water disaster prevention. Luohe aquifer is the roof of No.4 coal seam on panel 41 in Wenjiapo mine. Six main controlling factors of Luohe aquifer chosen to assess coal water abundance are aquifer thickness, porosity, moisture content, washing liquid consumption and apparent resistivity of upper and lower Luohe Formation. Analytic hierarchy process(AHP) has been used to determine the weight of each control factor. Based on ArcGIS numerical visualization platform, the vector maps of factors are normalized and superimposed, and then water abundance evaluation model of aquifer based …
Fuzzy Random Optimization Of Generalized Kelvin Constitutive Model For Creep Of Artificial Freezing Clay, Yao Yafeng, Cheng Hua, Rong Chuanxin, Zhang Nan, Lin Jian
Fuzzy Random Optimization Of Generalized Kelvin Constitutive Model For Creep Of Artificial Freezing Clay, Yao Yafeng, Cheng Hua, Rong Chuanxin, Zhang Nan, Lin Jian
Coal Geology & Exploration
The constitutive model of freezing creep is one of the important reference data for shaft building using freezing method. Uniaxial creep tests under different stress levels were conducted for the artificial freezing clay at -5℃, -10℃, -15℃ and -20℃. So the changing rules of creep curves were obtained under the condition of different temperatures and different stress levels. On this basis, traditional Guess-Newton algorithm has been improved by fuzzy random iterative search and the of the fuzzy random Guess-Newton algorithm steps were obtained, then we use the improved algorithm to optimize the parameters of the generalized Kelvin constructive model, obtained …
Clgis Logging Data Format Conversion, Lin Jiamin, Zhang Gong
Clgis Logging Data Format Conversion, Lin Jiamin, Zhang Gong
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to solve the problem of DAT log data format conversion, well logging data of CLGIS(Coalfield Logging Geology Interpretation System) is analyzed in detail. On the basis of analysis of the data storage format, format conversion program is written. The program can accurately convert the DAT format data to LAS format data promptly. The LAS format data can be loaded into the commonly used well logging software in oil field easily. With the help of powerful software, the drawing efficiency and quality of coalfield well logging is greatly improved.
Mechanical Characteristics And Test Of Rotary Drilling Of Pdc Anchor Bit, Zhang Youzhen, Zhang Ning, Zhang Xianzhen
Mechanical Characteristics And Test Of Rotary Drilling Of Pdc Anchor Bit, Zhang Youzhen, Zhang Ning, Zhang Xianzhen
Coal Geology & Exploration
For the construction requirements of the fast and accurate drilling of anchor hole in a coal roadway, the main mechanical factors are analyzed in theory through the establishment of PDC anchor bit rotary drilling mechanics model. The results show that the axial force of the PDC cutting tooth increases with the increase of the penetration depth, and shows the trend of first decreasing and then increasing with the increase of the cutting angle. When the friction coefficient of the coal-bearing strata is 0.20 to 0.43, the optimum cutting angle is from 15.0° to 18.3°, and the axial force and the …
Adsorbability Of Shale In Coal Measures And Its Influencing Factors, Zhang Baoxin, Fu Xuehai, Zhang Qinghui, Zhou Baoyan, Liu Zheng
Adsorbability Of Shale In Coal Measures And Its Influencing Factors, Zhang Baoxin, Fu Xuehai, Zhang Qinghui, Zhou Baoyan, Liu Zheng
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to reveal the adsorption and gas-bearing characteristics of shale in coal measures, this study was based on the gas content, isotherm adsorption, high-pressure mercury injection, and liquid nitrogen adsorption of more than 200 coal shale in six major coal fields in Shanxi Province and Junggar basin. XRD diffraction and other measured data, the adsorption and gas characteristics of shale were analyzed, and the influencing factors were discussed. The results show that the measured gas content of shale is between 0-5.87 cm3/g, concentrated at 0.90-2.00 cm3/g; VL is between 0.11-6.3 cm3/g with …
Distribution Characteristics Of Associated Elements In Middle Jurassic Coal In The North Of Datong Coalfield And Their Geological Significance, Qu Xiaorong
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to study the geochemical characteristics and geological significance of associated elements in Middle Jurassic coal of Datong coalfield, the distribution and occurrence of the associated elements in 9 coal seams in the northern Datong coalfield were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction(XRD), optical electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results show that the Jurassic coal in Datong coalfield has low trace element content, and beneficial elements(Li, Ga) are far lower than the boundary grade, which has no development potential. But the harmful elements such as Co and Zn in No.2 coal, Tl in No.9, …
Storage Rule And Controlling Factors Of Coalbed Gas In Zhaoguan Mine Field Of Huanghebei Coalfiled, Song Xiaozhong
Storage Rule And Controlling Factors Of Coalbed Gas In Zhaoguan Mine Field Of Huanghebei Coalfiled, Song Xiaozhong
Coal Geology & Exploration
Storage rule and controlling factors of coalbed gas in Zhaoguan mine field were analyzed on the basis of the generation, storage and migration theory of coalbed gas in combination with the data of geological exploration and mine production. From research on the regional geological evolution, coal generating and storing capacity and lithologic characteristics, geological structure, burial depth, bedrock thickness, hydrogeological conditions and magmatic intrusion, it was found that underground hydrodynamic conditions and magmatic intrusion events are the controlling factors of coalbed gas storage in the mine. Underground hydrodynamic conditions had obvious effect, shallow hydrodynamic conditions were manifested mainly as migration …
Slope Stability Evaluation Based On Set Pair Cloud Model, Yao Jianye, Zhang Shan, Hao Guoqiang
Slope Stability Evaluation Based On Set Pair Cloud Model, Yao Jianye, Zhang Shan, Hao Guoqiang
Coal Geology & Exploration
When the set pair analysis is applied to evaluate slope stability, the connection degree is usually decided by linear function, which can't reflect the actual conditions of the engineering project objectively and comprehensively and neglect the system randomness. The set pair analysis theory is improved by application of cloud theory which is superior in dealing with the connection degree and set pair analysis-cloud model of slope stability evaluation is established. In this model, the weight matrix is obtained by using the cloud theory to improve the AHP, and the evaluation matrix is obtained by combining with the connection degree evaluation …
Microseismic Positioning Method Based On Differential Evolution Algorithm, Wang Yunhong, Wang Baoli, Duan Jianhua
Microseismic Positioning Method Based On Differential Evolution Algorithm, Wang Yunhong, Wang Baoli, Duan Jianhua
Coal Geology & Exploration
Aiming at the problem that the location accuracy of conventional time-based microseismic location method depends on the accuracy of travel time, a differential evolution microseismic location method is proposed to improve the locating target function. Based on the traditional micro-seismic P-wave travel-time location method, the error weighting coefficient was added to the localization objective function, which reduced the impact of the first-time picking accuracy on the microseismic location by reducing the effect of the microseismic signal path with low initial pick-up accuracy on the locating error. The differential evolution algorithm, through population initialization, mutation, crossover, and selection operations, solves the …
Development And Application Of Geocoal For In-Seam Seismic Data Processing, Wang Baoli, Jin Dan
Development And Application Of Geocoal For In-Seam Seismic Data Processing, Wang Baoli, Jin Dan
Coal Geology & Exploration
A data processing platform for in-seam seismic exploration(ISS) was developed, which can make ISS better serve safe production in coal mines. The software design architecture was constructed, and the function modules and the software running environment are introduced. Finally, some software interfaces and results were demonstrated.
Analysis Of Influencing Parameters Of Temperature Field In A New Pipe-Roofing Freezing Method, Wu Yuwei, Li Chunfang, Hu Jun, Wang Zhixin, Wang Shucheng
Analysis Of Influencing Parameters Of Temperature Field In A New Pipe-Roofing Freezing Method, Wu Yuwei, Li Chunfang, Hu Jun, Wang Zhixin, Wang Shucheng
Coal Geology & Exploration
The development status of the temperature field around the freezing pipe in the method of pipe roofing freezing is the technical focus of this construction method. In order to study the development of the temperature field in this method, two paths are selected in the model, and analysis points are placed on the path. By analyzing the effects of soil thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity, latent heat of phase change, and original ground temperature on the development law of the temperature field, the following conclusion was drawn:Compared with the method of freezing the pipe curtain of the Gongbei tunnel in …
Table Of Contents, The Editors
Present Situation And Prospect Of Drilling Equipment Technology In Coal Mine, Yao Ke, Tian Hongliang, Yao Ningping, Yin Xinsheng, Fang Peng, Yao Yafeng, Wu Di, Wang Longpeng
Present Situation And Prospect Of Drilling Equipment Technology In Coal Mine, Yao Ke, Tian Hongliang, Yao Ningping, Yin Xinsheng, Fang Peng, Yao Yafeng, Wu Di, Wang Longpeng
Coal Geology & Exploration
After over 40 years of development, the technology of underground drilling equipment, vital to guarantee safety and efficient production for coal mines, has been improved greatly. Combining with the characteristics of products, types of technology and application domains, the development of domestic and foreign of underground drilling equipment for coal mines are introduced, the application effects and existing problems of drilling machines are analyzed, especially the development experience and current situation of domestic drilling machines are summarized, detailing on technology status of the five most representative models, such as the split type drill, caterpillar drill, electro-hydraulic control drill, rubber wheel …
Coupling Relationship Between Oil And Gas Of Mesozoic Coal-Bearing Measures And Uranium Metallogenesis In Huangling Area, Si Qinghong, Cao Huifeng, Li Jianguo, Sima Xianzhang, Yu Reng‘An, Liu Houning, Liu Xiaoxue, Zhang Chao
Coupling Relationship Between Oil And Gas Of Mesozoic Coal-Bearing Measures And Uranium Metallogenesis In Huangling Area, Si Qinghong, Cao Huifeng, Li Jianguo, Sima Xianzhang, Yu Reng‘An, Liu Houning, Liu Xiaoxue, Zhang Chao
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to clarify the coupling relationship between oil and gas of Mesozoic coal-bearing measures(reservoir) and uranium deposits(points) in Huangling area, field geology investigations of boreholes and sections, analysis and processing of borehole data and experimental data, and integration of reservoir and uranium(point) information were carried out. Collation and systematic study of tectonic-sedimentary systems of Mesozoic coal-bearing mesure, uranium geological characteristics, oil and gas geology characteristics, spatial distribution relationship between hydrocarbon reservoirs and uranium deposits, genetic relationship between hydrocarbon-bearing fluids and uranium-associated altered minerals, and the time relationship between hydrocarbons and uranium mineralization were discussed. The study shows that the …
Design And Implementation Of Information Management Platform For Big Data Of Uranium, Zhou Xiaoxi, Deng Fan, Wan Lin, Yang Jun
Design And Implementation Of Information Management Platform For Big Data Of Uranium, Zhou Xiaoxi, Deng Fan, Wan Lin, Yang Jun
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to integrate the borehole data and geological survey data of sandstone-type uranium deposits, the unified management of the borehole database was implemented, and the efficiency of integrated application of the geological data of borehole data was improved. A comprehensive information management platform for uranium was designed and implemented. For big data platform, the four-layer framework composed of the base installation, information resources, application service, user interaction was proposed. Techniques such as virtualization of cloud computing, distributive storage and parallel computing were adopted to set up the basic environment of the big data of uranium and improve the unified …
Uranium Metallogenic Characteristics And Prospecting Significance Of Hongqingliang Area In Northeastern Ordos Basin, Wu Zhaojian, Yan Maohua, Han Xiaozhong, Yu Reng’An, Sima Xianzhang, Jiang Zhe, Yin Dongfa, Hu Hang, Deng Yutao
Uranium Metallogenic Characteristics And Prospecting Significance Of Hongqingliang Area In Northeastern Ordos Basin, Wu Zhaojian, Yan Maohua, Han Xiaozhong, Yu Reng’An, Sima Xianzhang, Jiang Zhe, Yin Dongfa, Hu Hang, Deng Yutao
Coal Geology & Exploration
A NNW trending uranium metallogenic belt was found in the northeastern Ordos basin in last 20 years. In order to evaluate further the mineralizing potential of the middle part of this uranium minerogenetic belt, we choose a typical less developed area:Hongqingliang area as a research object to analyze its ore-forming conditions on the basis of the secondary development of coalfield data. These ore-forming conditions are composed of characteristics of stratigraphic structure, sand thickness distribution, spatial morphology of roof and floor, the sedimentary-tectonic evolution of Zhiluo Formation and so on. After comprehensive analysis of uranium mineralization law and ore controlling factors, …
Lithology Characteristics And Meaning Of The Target Layer Of Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits In Kamusite Area Of The Eastern Junggar Basin, Yin Dongfa, Han Xiaozhong, Huang Pengtao, Sima Xianzhang, Yu Reng’An, Zhou Yu, Wu Zhaojian, Hu Hang, Chen Lulu
Lithology Characteristics And Meaning Of The Target Layer Of Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits In Kamusite Area Of The Eastern Junggar Basin, Yin Dongfa, Han Xiaozhong, Huang Pengtao, Sima Xianzhang, Yu Reng’An, Zhou Yu, Wu Zhaojian, Hu Hang, Chen Lulu
Coal Geology & Exploration
Junggar basin is an important energy exploration base in China. The exploration of its uranium resources has been difficult to break through. By secondary development of the coal exploration results of Kamusite area in eastern Junggar basin, further drilling verification, industrial uranium orebodies have been found. The Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation is the ore-bearing target in this area, has very good prospecting prospect and research significance. In order to understand the petrological characteristics and uranium mineralization of the target-layer sand body in this area, through the detailed field geological survey, borehole observation and other methods, with the advanced analysis and …
Method And Application Of Diagnosis Of Low Productivity Damage Of Cbm Wells, Feng Qing
Method And Application Of Diagnosis Of Low Productivity Damage Of Cbm Wells, Feng Qing
Coal Geology & Exploration
Coal reservoirs differ from conventional reservoirs, are easily damaged and the damage factors are complex. Massive papers focus on CBM damage mechanism, but fewer studies on pollution types and stimulating measures. This paper studied various factors influencing CBM and water production in a block of Qinshui basin from angle of geology, engineering and drainage, and established the typical production curve model to determine reservoir judgement method of damage types of low production wells, layer and well selection standards for reservoir with big yield-increasing potential to carry out second reconstruction. The results proved that factors influencing CBM wells productivity such as …
Surface Free Energy Of Shale Gas In Niutitang Formation In Guizhou Province, Li Xijian, Yin Xin, Li Weiwei, Liu Shangping, Zhang Pei
Surface Free Energy Of Shale Gas In Niutitang Formation In Guizhou Province, Li Xijian, Yin Xin, Li Weiwei, Liu Shangping, Zhang Pei
Coal Geology & Exploration
In order to study the adsorption mechanism of shale for gas, the isothermal adsorption experiments on shale samples from wells Fengcan 1 and Tianma 1 in Guizhou Province were carried out at 50℃, 60℃, 80℃, and the isothermal adsorption curves of CH4 and CO2 were plotted, the shale surface free energy was calculated and the adsorption characteristics of CH4 and CO2 from shale were analyzed by the surface free energy. The results show that when the temperature is constant, the surface free energy of shale gas increases with the increase of pressure, and the change of …
Application Of Fuzzy Mathematics In Selecting The Favorable Location Of Shale Gas Survey Well: Taking Northwest Guizhou As An Example, Lin Lamei, Zhang Jinchuan
Application Of Fuzzy Mathematics In Selecting The Favorable Location Of Shale Gas Survey Well: Taking Northwest Guizhou As An Example, Lin Lamei, Zhang Jinchuan
Coal Geology & Exploration
Exploration and development of shale gas in China is now in the early-middle stage. Drilling geological survey well is an important mean to obtain data and discover shale gas in the blank area of Lower Paleozoic shale data in south China. However, due to the extremely complex structure and geomorphic conditions in these areas, it is very difficult to optimize the location of wells. Taking northwest Guizhou as an example, based on a large number of field geological survey work, the evaluation criteria of geological and engineering geological conditions for shale gas survey well location are put forward. In the …
Multi-Source Spatial Information Fusion-Based Water Abundance Zoning Of The Composite Layer Of Water-Bearing Seam Roof, Zhou Zhenfang, Dong Yang, Dong Xingling, Li Peng, Wang Qiangmin, Qiao Wei, Zhao Chunhu, Yang Jian
Multi-Source Spatial Information Fusion-Based Water Abundance Zoning Of The Composite Layer Of Water-Bearing Seam Roof, Zhou Zhenfang, Dong Yang, Dong Xingling, Li Peng, Wang Qiangmin, Qiao Wei, Zhao Chunhu, Yang Jian
Coal Geology & Exploration
Coal mining in Jurassic coalfield is generally threatened by roof water. The composite sandstone of No.2 coal seam in Yuandatan coal mine located at North Shaanxi was selected as research object, and the development height of water-conducting fracture zone was calculated using the empirical formula and measurement formula respectively, based on the calculated results, it was determined that the range for water abundance zoning was from the No.2 coal seam to the top boundary of Zhiluo Formation. According to the previous studies, we selected seven factors such as the equivalent thickness of sandstone, the property of interbed of sandstone and …