Sustainability Commons^™

Spatial Distribution Of Soil Nutrients In Reclamation Dump Sites Based On Subdivision Idw, Zhao Yanling, Zhao Bincheng, Wang Xin, Xiao Wu, Liu Huifang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Accurately grasping the spatial distribution of soil nutrients is of great significance for evaluating the soil quality of reclamation dumps and formulating corresponding reclamation measures. The general interpolation method of the complex terrain of the dump site has a poor prediction effect. The northern dump of Shengli No.1 open-pit mine in Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia was selected as an example in the paper. The soil nutrients(available nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and organic matter) were spatially interpolated using the inverse distance weighting method based on terrain partitioning, and compared with the conventional inverse distance weighting method and kriging interpolation method. The …

Study On The Effect Of Dual-Freedom Coupling Between The Tilt Geophones And The Surface, Sun Chao, Sun Liang, He Dengke, Tian Siqing

Coal Geology & Exploration

In the process of coalfield seismic data acquisition, there is a situation of repeated geophone layout at the same point. The tilt angle difference of the geophones will leads the change of coupling condition between the geophone and the surface, which affects the quality of seismic data acquisition. In this paper, the tilt angle parameters of geophone were introduced into the coupling system of the geophone and the surface. From the point of view of vibration mechanics, the "vibration system with coupling of the dual degree of freedom" of tilt geophone was deduced. The influences of the tilt angle of …

The High-Resolution Transient Electromagnetic Detection Technology For Ultra-Shallow Layer In Coal Mine, Zhang Jun

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to reduce the blind zone of the transient electromagnetic detection in mines and improve the detection accuracy, the high-resolution transient electromagnetic detection technology for the ultra shallow layer in mines is studied. The high-resolution transient electromagnetic detection technology for ultra-shallow layer in mines is not only suitable for conventional mine geological exploration, but also for high-resolution detection of shallow geological bodies such as cracks in the roof of the mine roadway, ensuring the safe and efficient mining. Through theoretical research, the feasibility of the shallow high-resolution transient electromagnetic method in mine was established; the hardware system of the …

Design Of Piezoelectric Effect-Based Energy Recovery Device Wile Drilling, Wu Tianyu, Zheng Jun, Zhang Bo, Chen Yu, Tian Hong, Dou Bin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Aiming at the problem of continuous power supply of downhole instruments and the recovery of longitudinal vibration energy of drill pipe in drilling field, a new type of energy recovery device based on positive piezoelectric effect was designed. The radial dimension parameters and piezoelectric materials were designed by field experiences and geological survey reports. The piezoelectric coupling model was established based on the numerical simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics, and the length range and the best installation position of the piezoelectric plate were obtained through forced vibration analysis. Through modal analysis and frequency response research, it is obtained that the natural …

Waveform Cross Correlation-Based Imaging Of Underground Seismic Data While Mining, Zhang Huanlan, Wang Baoli

Coal Geology & Exploration

Seismics while mining is a passive seismic detection technique using a shearer as seismic source. Because the shearer moves unceasingly and excites the continuous signals, the conventional data processing method cannot be applied directly. In the paper a cross-correlation method of segmented waveform was put forward, the effective signal travel time was extracted through the segmentation of the data generated the shear, and then the velocity imaging method was used to image the interior of the working face and the front of the cutting hole. The wave equation was used to carry out the seismics while mining numerical simulation of …

Model And Selection Criterion Of Zonal Preact Grouting To Prevent Mine Water Disasters Of Coal Floor Limestone Aquifer In North China Type Coalfield, Dong Shuning, Guo Xiaoming, Liu Qisheng, Wang Hao, Nan Shenghui, Zheng Shitian, Wang Yuhang

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to promote the development of zonal preact grouting technology and establish a system of the technology to prevent mine water disasters of coal floor aquifer, the authors analyze and summarize the coal seam occurrence and hydrogeological conditions of the Carboniferous-Permian coalfields in China, starting from the engineering systematicity, focusing on the three main factors of drilling conditions, grouting layer selection and drilling technology in the engineering of zonal preact grouting to prevent mine water disasters of coal floor aquifer. The model of zonal preact grouting to prevent mine water disasters of coal floor aquifer is established, which can …

Integrated Monitoring Technology Of Water Inrush From Coal Seam Floor And Its Application, Duan Jianhua

Coal Geology & Exploration

Karst water damage in floor is a common problem in North China type coalfield. Because of its characteristics of concealment and emergency, the prevention and control of water is faced with huge problems and challenges, monitoring and early warning technology of floor water inrush has become a necessary measure in the process of the safe production in coal mines. The formation and occurrence of floor water disaster have a process of evolution from conception, development to occurrence. In this process, the corresponding water inrush symptoms will be released in different stages of the floor crack and apparent resistivity of the …

Application Of Borehole Transient Electromagnetic Detection In The Test Of Hydraulic Fracturing Effect, Zhao Rui, Fan Tao, Li Yuteng, Wang Jikuang, Ma Yuan, Wang Bingchun, Liu Lei, Fang Zhe

Coal Geology & Exploration

Hydraulic fracturing technology is widely used in various aspects such as mine rock burst prevention and surrounding rock depressurization, but there has been a lack of efficient and intuitive technology for evaluating the fracturing effectiveness. To solve this problem, a three-component borehole TEM detection method using dynamic source and reception unit was proposed, and detection equipment and supporting construction techniques suitable for construction in hydraulic fracturing holes were developed. Two engineering tests have been carried out in a coal mine. By comparing the processing results of the vertical components of the two detection data before and after fracturing, a pure …

Construction Technology Of Vertical Concealed Laying Of Anti-Seepage Membrane For Water Cutoff Curtain In The Open-Pit Coal Mine, Li Wensong, Dang Yakun, Zhu Mingcheng, Gao Ya

Coal Geology & Exploration

Anti-seepage membrane(HDPE geomembrane) is widely used in anti-seepage projects currently that mainly prevent pollution, leakage and diffusion, and its laying form was various. In an underground water cutoff curtain project of an open-pit coal mine in China, the anti-seepage membrane was laid vertically as the main body of the water cutoff curtain wall, and the largest concealed depth was about 50 m. The different groove sections was overlapping connected by using connection box technology. Through the grouting and backfilling process, the impermeability of the curtain wall was improved and the anti-seepage membrane was compacted. Finally, pumping test in the surrounding …

Water Absorption Characteristics And Their Influence On The Mechanical Properties Of Longmaxi Formation Shale In Northeastern Chongqing, Liu Hong, Xu Fenglin, Chen Qiao, Zhu Honglin, Su Degui, Feng Kelai

Coal Geology & Exploration

A certain amount of casing deformation occurs during the shale reservoir fracturing. There is a certain amount of clay minerals in shale, and after contacting with water-based fracturing fluid, it will show the same expansion characteristics and strength weakening effect as mudstone, which will increase the casing external load. Aiming at the Longmaxi Formation shale in the northeast of Chongqing, the self-absorption and swelling characteristics of shale under different solution systems are studied by physical experiments to analyze the effect of shale hydration on its rock mechanical properties. The results show that the water absorption of shale has a logarithmic …

Reasons Of Low Yield And Stimulation Measures For Cbm Wells In Junlian Area, Li Ying, Zheng Rui, Luo Kai, Zhu Yanming, Zhang Yimin

Coal Geology & Exploration

Coalbed methane fields in Junlian area have good development potential, but the existence of a large number of low-production and low-efficiency wells has restricted the increase of productivity. This paper analyzes the coupling relationship between high-productivity wells and geological factors from the perspective of geological engineering integration, analyzes the causes of inefficient wells from three aspects of geology, drainage and engineering, and evaluates the corresponding reform measures. The results show that the formation of inefficient wells in the north and the west of the study area is mainly affected by gas-bearing properties, fault distribution, production horizons, production and drainage rhythms, …

Development Characteristics Of Freezing Temperature Field Of Coastal Soft Soil Strata, Chen Junhao, Zhuang Yan, Chen Bijian, Zhao Zhenwei, Wang Qiyun

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to research the temperature fields and development law of freezing in the construction of connected aisle in coastal soft soil stratum, based on connected aisle between Luoxiu road station and Baise road station of Shanghai subway Line 15, the thickness and average temperature of frozen curtain, and the freezing process were analyzed. The temperature fields and development law of freezing were predicted by the three-dimensional numerical model of the connected aisle and the temperature data which were analyzed. The results show that the inherent pressure in soft soil causes initial pressure in the pressure relief hole. A lot …

Collapse Column Identification Method Based On Seismic Waveform Indication Inversion And Its Application, Wan Zhaofei, Guo Zenghu, Wang Peng, Tang Meizhen, Han Tianbao, Liu Liangqiong

Coal Geology & Exploration

During the CBM exploration and development, the collapse column is one of the important factors restricting the exploration effectiveness of coalbed methane. Therefore, the effective identification of collapse column is of great significance for the improvement of CBM exploration. The previous identification methods are based on the discontinuity of the in-phase axis of seismic reflection caused by collapse column. In this paper, the collapse column is innovatively regarded as a kind of geological anomaly, and the identification and prediction of the collapse column are attempted by means of waveform indication inversion. Firstly, through the analysis of logging data and geological …

Experimental Study On The Frequency Dispersion Response Of Composite Electrical Properties Of Coal, Meng Hui, Li Jian, Lei Dongji, Wang Yajuan

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to study the characteristics of frequency dispersion response of the composite electrical properties of coal, the real part R and imaginary part X of the composite resistance of coal body at different direction in different measured areas were measured, the frequency dispersion characteristics were analyzed, different classical models were used to conduct data inversion and comparison. The results show that the composite electrical property parameters(absolute value of R and X) of coal are inversely proportional to the measured area, the characteristic frequency points are not offset, the X-frequency divergence decreases with the increase of measurement area; …

Research Status And Prospect Of Drill Pipe Thread Used In Coal Mine, Tian Dongzhuang, Chen Yanyu, Li Qing, Dong Mengmeng, Mou Peiying

Coal Geology & Exploration

Drill pipe is one of the main device for drilling construction of gas drainage, water detection and drainage and geological exploration. Due to complicated force conditions and using environment of drill pipe, accidents in boreholes caused by the failure of drill pipe threads are common. According to different structural classification, the characteristics of drill pipe thread structure in coal mines are introduced in detail; the current research status of thread stress distribution and failure analysis of thread are summarized. The research methods of thread stress distribution mainly include analytical method, finite element method and test method. The main causes of …

Electromagnetic Characteristics Of The Soil, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

The electromagnetic characteristics of the soil are discussed in this chapter. The characteristics of porous bedrock, soil medium, and impacts of rain attenuations are also presented. The models of dielectric soil properties are studied with a rigorous focus on the constitutive parameters of subsurface soil medium. Moreover, the permittivity and wavenumber in soil are explained. In addition, the frequency-dependent dielectric properties such as dispersion in soil, absorption characteristic, and penetration depth versus frequency are reviewed. Furthermore, the effective permittivity of soil–water mixture for through-the soil-propagation mechanism is analyzed thoroughly.

Wireless Underground Channel Modeling, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

A comprehensive treatment of wireless underground channel modeling is presented in this chapter. The impacts of the soil on bandwidth and path loss are analyzed. A mechanism for the UG channel sounding and multipath characteristics analysis is discussed. Moreover, novel time-domain impulse response model for WUC is reviewed with the explanation of model parameters and statistics. Furthermore, different types of the through-the-soil wireless communications are surveyed. Finally, the chapter concludes with discussion of the UG wireless statistical model and path loss model for through-the-soil wireless communications in decision agriculture. The model presented in this chapter is also validated with empirical …

Signals In The Soil: An Introduction To Wireless Underground Communications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is presented. The evolution of underground wireless is also discussed. Moreover, different component of UG communications is wireless. The WUC system architecture is explained with a detailed discussion of the anatomy of an underground mote. The examples of UG wireless communication systems are explored. Furthermore, the differences of UG wireless and over-the-air wireless are debated. Different types of wireless underground channel (e.g., In-Soil, Soil-to-Air, and Air-to-Soil) are reported as well.

Signals In The Soil: Underground Antennas, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

Antenna is a major design component of Internet of Underground Things (IOUT) communication system. The use of antenna, in IOUT, differs from traditional communication in that it is buried in the soil. Therefore, one of the main challenges, in IOUT applications, is to establish a reliable communication. To that end, there is a need of designing an underground-specific antenna. Three major factors that can impact the performance of a buried antenna are: (1) effect of high soil permittivity changes the wavelength of EM waves, (2) variations in soil moisture with time affecting the permittivity of the soil, and (3) difference …

Underground Phased Arrays And Beamforming Applications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

This chapter presents a framework for adaptive beamforming in underground communication. The wireless propagation is thoroughly analyzed to develop a model using the soil moisture as an input parameter to provide feedback mechanism while enhancing the system performance. The working of array element in the soil is analyzed. Moreover, the effect of soil texture and soil moisture on the resonant frequency and return loss is studied in detail. The wave refraction from the soil–air interface highly degrades the performance of the system. Furthermore, to beam steering is done to achieve high gain for lateral component improving the UG communication. The …

Current Advances In Internet Of Underground Things, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

The latest developments in Internet of Underground Things are covered in this chapter. First, the IOUT Architecture is discussed followed by the explanation of the challenges being faced in this paradigm. Moreover, a comprehensive coverage of the different IOUT components is presented that includes communications, sensing, and system integration with the cloud. An in-depth coverage of the applications of the IOUT in various disciplines is also surveyed. These applications include areas such as decision agriculture, pipeline monitoring, border control, and oil wells.

Soil Moisture And Permittivity Estimation, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

The soil moisture and permittivity estimation is vital for the success of the variable rate approaches in the field of the decision agriculture. In this chapter, the development of a novel permittivity estimation and soil moisture sensing approach is presented. The empirical setup and experimental methodology for the power delay measurements used in model are introduced. Moreover, the performance analysis is explained that includes the model validation and error analysis. The transfer functions are reported as well for soil moisture and permittivity estimation. Furthermore, the potential applications of the developed approach in different disciplines are also examined.

Signals In The Soil: Subsurface Sensing, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

In this chapter, novel subsurface soil sensing approaches are presented for monitoring and real-time decision support system applications. The methods, materials, and operational feasibility aspects of soil sensors are explored. The soil sensing techniques covered in this chapter include aerial sensing, in-situ, proximal sensing, and remote sensing. The underlying mechanism used for sensing is also examined as well. The sensor selection and calibration techniques are described in detail. The chapter concludes with discussion of soil sensing challenges.

Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

In this chapter, the latest developments in the field of decision agriculture are discussed. The practice of management zones in digital agriculture is described for efficient and smart faming. Accordingly, the methodology for delineating management zones is presented. Modeling of decision support systems is explained along with discussion of the issues and challenges in this area. Moreover, the precision agriculture technology is also considered. Moreover, the chapter surveys the state of the decision agriculture technologies in the countries such as Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Israel, Malaysia, Pakistan, United Kingdom, Ukraine, and Sweden. Finally, different field factors such as GPS accuracy and …

Autonomous Irrigation Management In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

In this chapter, the important application of autonomous irrigation management in the field decision agriculture is discussed. The different types of sensor-guided irrigation systems are presented that includes center pivot systems and drip irrigation systems. Their sensing and actuator components are with detailed focus on real-time decision-making and integration to the cloud. This chapter also presents irrigation control systems which takes, as an input, soil moisture and temperature from IOUT and weather data from Internet and communicate with center pivot based irrigation systems. Moreover, the system architecture is explored where development of the nodes including sensing and actuators is presented. …

Underground Wireless Channel Bandwidth And Capacity, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

The UG channel bandwidth and capacity are vital parameters in wireless underground communication system design. In this chapter, a comprehensive analysis of the wireless underground channel capacity is presented. The impact of soil on return loss, bandwidth, and path loss is discussed. The results of underground multi-carrier modulation capacity are also outlined. Moreover, the single user capacity and multi-carrier capacity are also introduced with an in-depth treatment of soil texture, soil moisture, and distance effects on channel capacity. Finally, the chapter is concluded with a discussion of challenges and open research issues.

Modulation Schemes And Connectivity In Wireless Underground Channel, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

In this chapter, a thorough treatment of the modulation schemes for UG Wireless is presented. The effects of soil texture and water content on the capacity of multi-carrier modulation in WUC are discussed. The multi-carrier capacity model results are analyzed. Moreover, the underground MIMO design for underground communications is explained thoroughly. An analysis of medium access in wireless underground is done as well. Furthermore, the soil properties are considered for cross-layer communications of UG wireless. The performance analysis of traditional modulation schemes is also considered. The soil moisture-based modulation approach is also explored in this chapter. The connectivity and diversity …

Variable Rate Applications In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza

Faculty Publications

In this chapter, the variable rate applications (VRA) are presented for the field of decision agriculture. The characteristics of VRA control systems are described along with control hardware. Different types of VRA systems are discussed (e.g., liquid VRA systems and dry VRA systems). A case study is also explored in this regard. Moreover, recent advances and future trends are also outlined. Accordingly, a sustainable variable-rate irrigation scheduling is studied where different hardware and software component of the cyber-physical system are considered. Finally, chapter is concluded with a novel sensor deployment methodology.

Development And Performance Assessment Of An Integrated Vermifiltration Based Treatment System For The Treatment Of Feedlot Runoff, Rajneesh Singh, Matteo D'Alessio, Yulie Meneses, Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt, Brian Woodbury, Chittaranjan Ray

Nebraska Water Center: Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to treat feedlot runoff by developing an ecologically sustainable, affordable, and resilient treatment system having a relatively long life span. Three horizontal flow soil biofilters were utilized in this study: 1) without earthworms and plants (Biofilter (BF)), 2) with earthworms only (Vermifilter (VF)), and 3) with earthworms and plants (Macrophyte Assisted Vermifilter (MAVF)). The experiments were conducted with a hydraulic retention time of four days using Lumbricus terestrris earthworms and Carex frankii wetland plants. The average COD removal from the BF, VF, and MAVF were 23.2–30.4%, 61.4–69.1%, and 68.3–78.1%, respectively. Average TN removal efficiencies …

Geology, Soils And Climate Of The Margaret River Wine Region, Peter J. Tille, Angela Stuart-Street, Peter S. Gardiner

All other publications

This report is an extract from the broader description and analysis of the Geology, soils and climate of Western Australia's wine regions. It expands on the brief descriptions in the second edition of 'Viticulture' (Coombe & Dry 2004) concerning the soils and landscapes of Western Australia’s main wine growing regions. We have tailored this report extract to the specific needs of the Margaret River wine region. It contains local soil names and soil-landscape zones and systems maps.

The wine industry recognises the importance of giving customers an understanding of the vines’ environment and how that may influence wine character …