Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

Coyote Control In Alberta, John B. Boumez

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A historical review of coyote damage to livestock, early control measures and the development of Alberta's coyote damage control program is provided, including provincial and federal legislation, provincial policy, research and field testing initiatives, extension and control methodology.

Use Of Monofilament Line, Reflective Tape, Beach-Balls, And Pyrotechnics For Controlling Grackle Damage To Citrus, Alan R. Tipton, John H. Rappole, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores, Dave Johnson, John Hobbs, Paul Schulz, Sam Beasom, Joe Palacios

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The effectiveness of monofilament line, reflective tape, beach-balls and pyrotechnics (propane cannons and shotgun scare shells) in reducing damage to citrus by great-tailed grackles was tested in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas. Results indicate that these treatments can produce reduction in damage. Whether the treatments are economically advisable for a grower depends on the history of grackle damage to the grove and grove size. Only large amounts of damage in large groves justify costs associated with implementation of these methods.

Fall Food Habits Of Double-Crested Cormorants In Arkansas, Albert E. Bivings, Michael D. Hoy, Jeffrey W. Jones

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

One hundred forty-eight double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) were collected in October-December 1988. Some were collected while actively feeding, but most were collected at loafing or roosting areas. Of the 135 with fish in them, 79% contained gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) and 16% contained centrarchids (mostly Lepomus sp.). The rest contained a variety of aquaculture (commercially raised) fish. Fish prey weights were estimated from total length of prey items and use of published length-weight tables. Total weights of prey ranged from 39 to 4558 with a mean of 185g. This was felt to be a conservative estimate …

Evaluation Of Predator Guards For Black-Bellied Whistling Duck Nest-Boxes, Raymond L. Urabek

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I evaluated the effectiveness, suitability, and expense of 2 styles of predator guards for black-bellied whistling duck (Dendrocyqna autumnalis) nest-boxes. Guards evaluated were galvanized bottom attached shrouds and razor-ribbon wire. Both guards were effective against ground dwelling predators. The group not fitted with guards suffered a 55% overall depredation rate.

Field Trials Of Alpha-Chloralose And Drc-1339 For Reducing Numbers Of Herring Gulls, Paul P. Woronecki, Richard A. Dolbeer, Thomas W. Seamans

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We compared the potential of Alpha-chloralose (A-C) and DRC-1339 to reduce a nesting population of herring gulls at an industrial site in Ohio in 1988. Almost all treated baits were consumed by gulls but only about one affected gull was noted for every 10 baits consumed of either chemical. A test indicated our DRC-1339 baits. containing 3.7 - 7.4 times the published LD value, were not lethal to most captive herring gulls living in fresh water. LD values of A-C and DRC-1339 need to be more precisely estimated for gull species in fresh and salt water environments.

Use Of Drc-1339 And Pa-14 To Control Grackle Populations In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, Alan R. Tipton, John H. Rappole, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores, John Hobbs, Dave Johnson, Sam Beasom

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In an attempt to reduce valley wide populations of grackles in the Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, PA-14 was sprayed over a staging area where as many as 10,000 birds were located. This attempt was unsuccessful and this method of population reduction was deemed not suitable for south Texas. Dog food bait was treated with DRC-1339 and presented to great-tailed grackles in several different situations in an attempt to control depredations to citrus by this bird. Bait presented in feedlots during winter (Nov-Feb) was readily taken by the birds, resulting in a significant reduction of numbers of birds visiting …

The Current Program And Future Of Adc In The Usda, Bobby R. Acord

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The ADC program was transferred to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service in December 1985. The ADC mission continues to be the protection of American agriculture and other resources from wildlife damage. Changes have been implemented to enhance the program, and efforts are continuing toward additional improvements.

The Use Of Dma To Reduce Robin Depredation On Cherries, Leonard R. Askham, John K. Fellman

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The use of a biorational pesticide, Dimethyl Anthrantlate (DMA), was investigated for possible use as a robin repellant in an Eastern Washington Research orchard. Applied in low concentrations (2, 4, and 8% with surfactant), robin depredation was reduced an average of 75%. A double-blind taste test showed no consumer aversion for fresh fruit sprayed with DMA two weeks before harvest.

Kansas Attitudes On Prairie Dog Control, Charles D. Lees, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In Kansas prairie dog management is primarily determined by private individuals and local government agencies. We conducted a mail survey of 350 affected landowners as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of current prairie dog control. The same survey was also sent to 350 randomly selected state residents within the general prairie dog range. We evaluated people's perceptions of prairie dogs, the effectiveness of control methods, costs of control, and reasons for poor response to control techniques. Results indicate people that have previously been involved in prairie dog control on lands they manage have different opinions about prairie dogs than …

Black-Footed Ferret Recovery, Dean E. Biggins, Ronald A. Crew

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The captive population of black-footed ferrets increased from 24 to 58 animals in 1988, and was split to provide the species added protection against extinction. Experimental reintroductions may begin in 1991. In some areas, "experimental population" designations as authorized under Section 10 (j) of the Endangered Species Act may be used to provide wider management latitude. The Black-footed Ferret Interstate Coordinating Committee oversees much of the work related to reintroduction. Expanded effort to locate wild ferrets now includes a $10,000 reward offer. Research focuses on captive breeding, reintroduction techniques, disease, and habitat. A new Recovery Plan was approved in 1988.

Experimental Applications Of High-Tensile Wire And Other Fencing To Control Big Game Damage In Northwest Colorado, A. Eugene Byrne

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Conventional fencing methods V-mesh wire, square mesh wire and wood panels are compared to experimental methods - 15 wire hightensile wire fences; electric high-tensile wire fences of three designs; baited electric fences; hog panel fences; plastic mesh fences and visqueen wrapped haystacks. Total cost of materials, cost per ft./yr. and comments concerning estimates of efficacy are discussed. The V-mesh wire, hog panel and plastic mesh fences all have a very high cost per ft. and cost per ft./yr. rating and should probably not be used. High-tensile and square mesh wire fences are effective and cheaper alternatives. Modern high-tensile wire electric …

Trophy Game Animal Damage In Wyoming, Ron Iversons

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wyoming is perhaps one of the most liberal and unique states of the fifty states on compensation for game and trophy game animal damage. Trophy game animals as defined by statute in Wyoming includes the Cougar (Mt. Lion), Black Bear, and the Grizzly Bear. According to statute Wyoming is responsible for damages incurred by these species to livestock, land, crops, improvements, and extraordinary grasses. Since the statutes were enacted Wyoming has been faced with a variety of complaints and damage claims caused by these species. Damage complaints received by the Department have covered a broad spectrum, ranging from the stockman …

The Landowner's View And Recommendations On Wildlife Damage, Michael G. Leroux

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Conflict between landowners and state and federal agencies is prevalent in today's society. This report attempts to provide understanding of the landowners views on wildlife damage and offer some solutions to be considered.

Estimating Domestic Sheep Losses To Mountain Lions, Frederick G. Lindzey, Connie Wilbur

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Large, native-range pastures were searched for dead domestic sheep in the Southern Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming. The proportion of dead sheep that had been killed by mountain lions was 23%. Search methods, however, resulted in unequal probabilities of finding sheep that were killed by mountain lions and sheep that died of other causes.

Status Of Strychnine, Compound 1080, And Registered Alternatives, Steve D. Palmateer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This paper reveals the current regulatory status of 1080 and strychnine relevant to data call-in actions, administrative hearings, and litigation outside of FIFRA. All strychnine prairie dog claims are cancelled as well as all label claims requiring a tolerance. The 1080 technical is cancelled and all rodenticide uses have been issued a notice of intent to deny.

Effects Of Grackle Damage Control Techniques In Citrus On Nesting Success Of Non-Target Species, John H. Rappole, Wan R. Tipton, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Several techniques were tested to reduce the damage caused by great-tailed grackles to citrus in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas: monofilament line, eyespot balloons, pyrotechnics, and grackle nest removal. Ten species were found nesting in the treated groves, but only the mourning dove, white-winged dove, and great-tailed grackle in significant numbers. Nesting success was not reduced significantly by any treatment but observations indicate that cannon treatments are likely to have a negative impact on overall nesting success for several species.

Controlling Raccoon Damage In Urban Areas, David G. Riley

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Raccoons have become a serious problem in many urban and suburban areas. Damage to homes and buildings as well as the spread of diseases to pets are constant problems when high raccoon populations occur. Various control methods can be implemented with positive results.

Planning For Animal Damage Control Programs Within The Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service, Philip S. Gipson, Gary P. Combs

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Animal Damage Control Unit (ADC) and the 10 other units of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) have undergone major reorganization. Emphasis is placed on planning and risk analysis. Four levels of planning have been identified: (1) strategic planning for the Agency, (2) strategic planning for each of the 11 units, (3) program design and risk analysis, and (4) operational planning.

Seasonal Effects On Control Methods For The Great-Tailed Grackle, John H. Rappole, Wan R. Tipton, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores, John Hobbs, Joe Palacios

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Efficiency of methods used to control damage to citrus fruit by great-tailed grackles was found to vary considerably from season to season. From April - July, the birds congregated in small breeding colonies where they were susceptible to baiting and poisoning. From August - October, the birds could be baited in to and poisoned at watering sites. Intensive shooting and use of pyrotechnics were also used successfully at this time of year to control damage at groves with high grackle concentrations. From late October - March, birds moved over wide areas each day, and were easily frightened from groves by …

An Assessment Of The Urban Wildlife Problem, William D. Fitzwater

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Basic urban wildlife problems include: proper identification of species, shift from agrarian to urban society, different interpretations of humaneness, compassion for individual rather than a population as a whole, and public ignorance of urban pest management. Positive values are esthetics and environmental education opportunities. Negative values are disease transmission, life/injury-threatening situations, damage to buildings/other property, water structures/quality, petty annoyances, and indirect economics.

Urban Nuisance Wildlife Problems In Arizona, Rebecca L. Wright, Leonard L. Ordway

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Arizona has experienced an increase in urbanization of wildlife habitat, which has led to an urban nuisance wildlife problem. The Arizona Game and Fish Department is working to lessen the problem through public education, information packets and use of private pest control companies to remove wildlife for a fee.

Management Problems Encountered With Livestock Guarding Dogs On The University Of California, Hopland Field Station, Robert M. Timm, Robert H. Schmidtz

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Guard dogs are being promoted and utilized as effective predator damage control tools under a variety of livestock management conditions. We report our experience over 1 1/2 years with 5 dogs, primarily Anatolian shepherd and Akbash dog breeds. We discuss a number of behavioral and management problems we have encountered, some of which have not previously been reported in the literature. These include chasing vehicles and wildlife, predation on deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), and incompatibility of dogs with other predator damage control methods.

Seasonal Variation In Habitat Use By Great-Tailed Grackles In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, John H. Rappole, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores, Alan R. Tipton, Nancy Koerth

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Habitat use by great-tailed grackles was measured by performing weekly censuses of birds in 6 different habitat types: chaparral, citrus groves, feed lots, pastures, residential areas, and agricultural fields. We found that use of chaparral, citrus, and residential sites was low during the winter months, increased sharply with commencement of the nesting season in April, and declined again by October. Use of agricultural fields and pasture was irregular. Feed lot use was low during the summer, but high from October - April with October and March migration peaks. An overall sex ratio of 1.3 females/male was observed with skews from …

Fisheries Management Paper No.23 - Management Of The South-West Inshore Trawl Fishery., N. Moore

Fisheries Management Papers

This report outlines the management plan for the south west inshore trawl fishery which already operates in coastal waters less than 200 metres deep between Guilderton and Cape Leeuwin.

This management plan takes into account these important concerns and has specifically set aside a strip of coastal area from Cape Bouvard to Cape Leeuwin for recreational usage and for protection of the benthic community, and closed the management zone north of Burns Beach to trawling.

The Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant And The Mississippi River: 50 Years Of Improving Water Quality, D. Kent Johnson, Paul W. Aasen

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

ABSTRACT-The Metropolitan Waste Control Commission and its predecessors have operated the Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Plant on the Mississippi River at St. Paul, MN, for the past 50 years. Analysis of water quality data collected over the past 60 years shows a general improvement of water quality as the waste treatment process has been upgraded. In 1926, dissolved oxygen ranged from <1 mg/L to 2 mg/L in the river reach from St. Paul to Lock and Dam 3 (August mean values). In 1987, dissolved oxygen values in the same area were 7 mg/L or greater. The drought of 1988 produced severe low flow conditions in the Mississippi River, but dissolved oxygen values continued to meet or exceed the 5 mg/L water quality standard. Biological sampling in 1926 and 1959 showed an absence of clean water organisms. Biological sampling in 1985 showed an abundance of clean water organisms. The most dramatic evidence of this resurgence is the reappearance of the Hexagenia mayfly in St. Paul after a 50 year absence. The water quality improvements in the Mississippi River correlate directly with improved treatment plant processes, particularly the current advanced secondary treatment facility, and with improved waste control throughout the Minneapolis/St. Paul area.

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay, Department Of Environmental Protection

Maine Collection

Agenda For Action - Casco Bay

Department of Environmental Protection, Augusta, Maine (January, 1989)

Contents: Introduction / The Problems : Bacteria, Toxics, Nutrients / The Solutions / Recommendations / References

The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty, Susan Ware

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty was opened for signature on August 5, 1985, on the 40th Anniversary of the Bombing of Hiroshima. The Treaty prohibits Party states from controlling or assisting in the manufacture of nuclear explosive devices and from allowing devices not in their control stationing within their territory or land space. The Protocols to the Treaty enjoin the nuclear weapon sates and the states with territories within the Zone to adhere to the principles of the Treaty and to refrain from control or use of any nuclear explosive devices within the Zone. The principle concern of …

Riparian Plant Water Relations Along The North Fork Of The Kings River, California, J. L. Nachlinger, S. D. Smith, R. J. Risser

Life Sciences Faculty Research

Plant water relations of five obligate ripar-ian species were studied along California's North Fork Kings River. Diurnal stomatal conductance, transpi-ration, and xylem pressure potentials were measured throughout the 1986 growing season and in mid-season in 1987. Patterns were similar for all species although absolute values varied considerably. Maximum stomatal conductance occurred early in the day and season during favorable environmental conditions and decreased as air temperature and the vapor pressure difference between the leaf and air increased. Maximum transpiration rates occurred in mid-morning and mid-summer resulting in estimated daily water losses per unit sunlit leaf area of 163-328 mol H2O …

Water Erosion Of Farmland In 1988, K J. Bligh

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Widespread heavy rains in WesternAustralian agricultural areas in 1988 caused severe water erosion, much of which could have been avoided by minimum cultivation and lower stocking rates.

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report, Bureau Of Water Quality Control

Maine Collection

Maine Nonpoint Source Pollution Assessment Report

Prepared by the Maine Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Control, Augusta, Maine 1989.

Contents: Executive Summary / Introduction / Methodology / Statewide Water Quality Summary / State And Local Agency Programs for Control of Nonpoint Source Pollution / Process for Identification of Best Management Practices and Associated Standards / List of References / List of Figures / List of Tables