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Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection
A New Series Of Selective Rodenticides, David L. Peardon
A New Series Of Selective Rodenticides, David L. Peardon
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
A new series of target-specific, single-dose rodenticides has been discovered by Rohm and Haas Company (Peardon, 1972; Peardon et al., 1972). One compound, RH-787, best exemplifies the balance of desirable qualities of a good rodenticide. It is effective against a broad spectrum of pest rodents, has a desirable margin of safety in non-target animals, is well accepted in baits, causes no secondary hazard problems and is effective against "Warfarin-resistant" (anticoagulant-resistant) rats. This material will become commercially available upon receipt of registration from the EPA.
Urbanized Wildlife, Robert L. Pope
Urbanized Wildlife, Robert L. Pope
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Man with his continual movement and his need to construct has devastated the wilderness. Provided with man's year-round lush vegetation, his sheltered and protected area, wildlife has adapted to urbanization. Urbanized wildlife is not always tolerated by man. Management of vertebrate pests in urban areas is specialized. Toxic baits or hazardous techniques are avoided to prevent exposure to people, pets, and other non-targets. Birds, as woodpeckers, crows, and hawks, which are urbanized wildlife in wooden and other structures of parks, residences, and airports, can be controlled by wire screens, topping trees, or removing their food source. Rodents, as rabbits and …
Small Mammal Census And Control On A Hardwood Plantation, Andrew Radvanyi
Small Mammal Census And Control On A Hardwood Plantation, Andrew Radvanyi
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
For centuries, Man has been at conflict with and has suffered untold crop losses to ubiquitous small mammals. Such losses may range from unnoticed removal of vegetation in hay and grain fields to 95-99 percent losses in unprotected orchards or forest plantations. A most dramatic and conspicuous type of damage occurs where large numbers of meadow voles cause excessive tree girdling damage to a wide variety of plantation grown trees. Surveys of small mammal populations carried out on a hardwood plantation in southern Ontario during 1971-72-73 indicated the magnitude of the rodent problem. Control measures using broadcasting of anticoagulant-treated grain …
Emergency Rabid Skunk Control In Montana, Kenneth Seyler, Carter Niemeyer
Emergency Rabid Skunk Control In Montana, Kenneth Seyler, Carter Niemeyer
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
A maximum of 500 strychnine eggs were placed in designated skunk habitat within a three mile radius where rabid skunks were diagnosed as an emergency control method to reduce or prevent the spread of rabies in striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) populations in Northeastern Montana. The effects of strychnine on skunk and other non-target species populations were evaluated. When placed in primary skunk habitat, the toxicant eggs were selective in removing striped skunks. Scent post surveys indicated that skunk populations were reduced, while non-target species populations remained stable or increased in control areas. The effects of the toxicant egg …
Trapping: A Continuous Integral Part Of A Rodent Control Programme, H.R. Shuyler, R.F. Sun Jr.
Trapping: A Continuous Integral Part Of A Rodent Control Programme, H.R. Shuyler, R.F. Sun Jr.
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Trapping is usually considered a rodent control technique of minor importance. Due to the economic situation in the Dumaguete, Philippines program from which this report is drawn, regular trapping was a biological necessity. Four species of rodents and a shrew were of concern. A continuing daily trapping program was developed from a field study of trap bait acceptability. Trap baits were reused every 23 days. Alternate baits were selected. Trap usage techniques were designed to optimize the results. Trap-bait shyness and trap shyness effects were observed but were not a major problem.
Animal Damage Control Research–"Are Present Priorities Based On Actual Need?", Richard N. Smith
Animal Damage Control Research–"Are Present Priorities Based On Actual Need?", Richard N. Smith
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Priorities regarding Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife vertebrate damage control research are in most cases based on actual need. Need is influenced by economic, political, legislative, and biological incentives. These incentives affect private industry, state and local governments, academia, and the federal government but in different ways. The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife has 24 percent of its wildlife research budget invested in vertebrate damage control research. Its programs deal with predators, birds, and small mammals and research programs are problem oriented. Priorities are generally developed within the organization and are usually determined by biological need.
Environmental Impact Statements, Gordon F. Snow
Environmental Impact Statements, Gordon F. Snow
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) became law January 1, 1970, while the California Environmental Quality Act was adopted on September 18 of the same year. NEPA established specific action-forcing procedures for implementing the policy; created the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQA); fostered development of indices of environmental quality ; and provided for an annual CEQA report of progress. Section 102(2)(C) is the most renowned portion of NEPA. It requires the preparation of detailed written statements of environmental impacts, including alternative actions and their impacts. Section 102(2)(A) requires federal agencies to implement the integrated use of natural and …
Experiments With Sounds In Repelling Mammals, John L. Stewart
Experiments With Sounds In Repelling Mammals, John L. Stewart
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Since its introduction for use in repelling birds , a number of people have found that Av-Alarm is effective for control of certain mammals. This includes not only those familiar to North Americans (deer, elk , coyotes), but also various less familiar species, even anthropoids (baboons) and bats. A number of example cases are described. A concept theory is presented in order to explain why certain sounds are more effective than others, and why sounds originally meant for bird control are also effective with mammals. The theory helps to predict untested situations , and also suggests when complex repelling sounds …
A Safe Approach To Natural Home Ranges, As Applied To The Solution Of Edge Effect Subjects, Using Capture-Recapture Data In Vole Populations, Ryo Tanaka
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Capture-recapture work was performed in 1970 and 1971 with Microtus montebelli seeking to disclose the edge effect subjects. For the purpose, in principle, it is needful for us to approach the reality of home range in size and shape. As the result of these studies, it has been established that the method using observed range length and width is highly available for searching after natural ranges and that the natural range of the voles (Microtus and Clethrionomys) is ordinarily on the order of 0.05 for females and of 0.10 for males in acres and generally oblong in shape such as …
Recent Changes In Federal Bird Control, Gene H. Wilson
Recent Changes In Federal Bird Control, Gene H. Wilson
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Probably the most significant changes in U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service legislation that might have an effect on those engaged in animal control work would have to do with the Migratory Bird Treaty Act, the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 recently amended, and one piece of proposed legislation which I'll mention at closing. In March 1972, an amendment to our treaty with Mexico became effective. And more recent, the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 had a section added to it having to do with airborne hunting. About two years ago, the amendment to the Mexican treaty added …
The Monk Parakeet: A Potential Threat To Agriculture, Lewis R. Davis
The Monk Parakeet: A Potential Threat To Agriculture, Lewis R. Davis
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Small flocks of monk parakeets, Myiopsitta monachus, were recently sighted and reported in Southern California. This avian species, native to Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia, substantially damages grain, fruit, and vegetable crops grown within its native habitat. Overall crop losses in those areas range from two percent to 15 percent, with some as high as 45 percent annually. Because of its known ability to breed successfully in California and other states and to survive adverse climatic conditions, the possible effects of M. monachus on California's agricultural industry must be examined. This study evaluates the pest potential of this …
Rabies Vector Control In Alberta, J.B. Gurba
Rabies Vector Control In Alberta, J.B. Gurba
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Following the last serious outbreak of rabies in 1952-57, the province of Alberta remained virtually free of the disease for 13 years. In 1970 a sudden increase occurred with 16 cases in various species. The Alberta Central Rabies Control Committee was reactivated to cope with the situation. Pre-immunization of high risk personnel and domestic pets was initiated along with supportive research to monitor infection rates in various species. Vector control programs were established to stop the spread of rabies by known wildlife vectors, particularly skunks (Mephitis mephitis) which had brought rabies across the great plains to the Alberta-Saskatchewan …
Feral Hogs-Boon Or Burden, Daniel C. Pattern
Feral Hogs-Boon Or Burden, Daniel C. Pattern
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Feral hogs (Sus scrofa L. ) have long been considered a pest by most land managers because of the potential range and pasture damage that can result from their feeding habits. In recent years however, second only to deer, feral hogs have become the most sought after big game animal in California. Their great reproductive capacity coupled with the ruggedness of their preferred habitat has allowed the California State Fish and Game Department to set liberal seasons and bag limits. The freedom to work within the states liberal framework has prompted some private land managers to look at controlled …
Closing Remarks–Sixth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe
Closing Remarks–Sixth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Charles C. Siebe
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
On behalf of the California Vertebrate Pest Committee I would like to thank you for the interest and attention that you have shown throughout this Conference. It is the participation of those interested in vertebrate pest control that make for the success or failure of our Conference. We have had participation during this Conference from people from ten foreign countries and twenty-seven states.
Feral Burros And Wildlife, Richard A. Weaver
Feral Burros And Wildlife, Richard A. Weaver
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Feral burro have caused devastating damage to the vegetation and soil which has resulted in a deterioration of the entire biota. Wildlife numbers have declined where there is competition with burro for food, water or space. The Department of Fish and Game made a burro survey in conjunction with bighorn investigations. There are an estimated 3,400 free-roaming wild burro in California. They are found in 7 of the 14 bighorn study areas and have caused problems in each of these areas.
Modelling For Research On Chemical Control Of Mammals In New Zealand, C.L. Batcheler, J. Bell
Modelling For Research On Chemical Control Of Mammals In New Zealand, C.L. Batcheler, J. Bell
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Development of predictive formulae or qualitative statements about the probable outcome of control campaigns entails knowledge of bait quality and distribution, behavior, vagaries of weather at the time of the control campaign, and other factors which govern the probability that the target animals will accept bait. This paper collates experience in recognizing, estimating and using some of these variables for predicting the outcome of large-scale poisoning, and discusses possible approaches to the solution of some hard-core problems.
Rabbit Behavior Research In Australia And Its Relevance In Control Operations, B.V. Fennessy
Rabbit Behavior Research In Australia And Its Relevance In Control Operations, B.V. Fennessy
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Research in Australia on the behavior of wild rabbits has provided a basis for improvements in the tactics and strategy of control. As the warren is a central focus for growth and survival of a population, a program for effective control or eradication should a i m at making the warren unavailable to rabbits. Enclosure studies of behavior suggested that poisoning would be much more effective when carried out in the non-breeding season. This has been confirmed in field trials. The behavioral importance of the odor-producing inguinal , submandibular, and anal glands is emphasized. It is suggested that further studies …
The Role Of W.H.O. In The Study And Control Of Rodent-Borne Disease, N.G. Gratz
The Role Of W.H.O. In The Study And Control Of Rodent-Borne Disease, N.G. Gratz
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
While little information is available on the distribution and incidence of most of the diseases with rodent reservoirs, many of them are known to be widespread and may have considerable public health importance in some of the foci in which they are found. The World Health Organization is carrying out investigations on the epidemiology of several diseases with rodent reservoirs and on the biology and ecology of the rodent reservoir species themselves. These investigations are being carried out both at WHO research u n i t s and with collaborating laboratories. Based on the ecological information the organization is attempting …
The Detection Of Exotic Vertebrate Pests In California, Michael O. Keffer
The Detection Of Exotic Vertebrate Pests In California, Michael O. Keffer
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Numerous exotic vertebrates are imported into California each year for use in scientific research, zoological gardens, the commercial pet trade, and private collections. Certain of these imported species are known within their native range to depredate agricultural commodities, compete with other species of wildlife , and facilitate the spread of. diseases detrimental to humans or other animals. The California Department of Food and Agriculture, in cooperation with other governmental agencies and conservation-oriented societies, is active in the exclusion, detection, and eradication of these detrimental species. Exclusion procedures include inspections of air cargo, truck, and postal terminals in addition to private …
The Role Of F.A.O. In Vertebrate Pest Problems, H.R. Shuyler
The Role Of F.A.O. In Vertebrate Pest Problems, H.R. Shuyler
Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 6th (1974)
Since 1947, when FAO began its involvement in vertebrate pest problems, its role has gradually expanded. Through short-term Consultants, Experts, Regional and Headquarters Officers, it advises Member Countries about vertebrate pest control needs and opportunities, fulfills requests for assistance suggesting needed modifications, and guides and reports on assistance rendered. Assistance may involve one or more international specialists for a few weeks up to national and regional projects of several years' duration. In cooperation with WHO it sponsors meetings of specialists, develops rodenticide specifications for international commerce, and has published rodent bibliographies covering 1950 to 1969.