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Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

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Test Results Of A New Snake Repellent, Rex E. Marsh Dec 1993

Test Results Of A New Snake Repellent, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

When a new snake repellent came on the market, Dr. Ts Snake-A-Way, consisting of 7% naphthalene and 28% sulfur, we began to receive some inquiries as to its efficacy. To satisfy our own interest and that of potential consumers, we established a test protocol. The test room was 10 x 20 ft. in size with a 10 ft. ceiling and the floor was smooth concrete. As per label directions, a 12 inch wide band of the granular repellent was sprinkled on the floor in a center strip both lengthwise and crosswise in the room which divided the room into 4 …

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Field Evaluation Of Three Strychnine Concentrations For Controlling Townsend's Pocket Gophers, George H. Matschke, Geraldine R. Mccann, Heather W. Krupa, John O'Brien Dec 1993

Field Evaluation Of Three Strychnine Concentrations For Controlling Townsend's Pocket Gophers, George H. Matschke, Geraldine R. Mccann, Heather W. Krupa, John O'Brien

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Among requirements for the reregistration of strychnine, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires efficacy data from strychnine paste-alfalfa baits prepared with strychnine alkaloid paste (NV 830009). The EPA reviewed the data originally submitted by the state of Nevada for registering this strychnine alkaloid paste label and determined that more field efficacy data were needed to maintain the current registration. Therefore, additional efficacy data for strychnine paste-alfalfa baits on Townsend's pocket gopher (Thomomys townsendi) was requested from the state of Nevada.

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Food Preferences Of Common Grackles, Red-Winged Blackbirds, And Yellow-Headed Blackbirds Presented With Cracked Corn, Sunflower Meats, And Brown Rice, Laura A. Mendoza, George M. Linz, David L. Bergman, William J. Bleier Dec 1993

Food Preferences Of Common Grackles, Red-Winged Blackbirds, And Yellow-Headed Blackbirds Presented With Cracked Corn, Sunflower Meats, And Brown Rice, Laura A. Mendoza, George M. Linz, David L. Bergman, William J. Bleier

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Blackbirds migrating through North Dakota in late summer damage sunflower crops shortly after the yellow ray petals begin to wither and fall (Besser 1985). DeHaven (1982) reported bird damage losses of $7.4 million on 2.2 million acres in 1980. Various behavioral, chemical, and mechanical strategies have been employed over the past decade to reduce the damage. Although some of these methods have effectively dispersed or reduced blackbird populations, many have proven to be ineffective over time, economically infeasible, or culturally unacceptable (Guarino 1984).

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A Prairie Dog Abatement Program In San Juan County, Utah, Terry A. Messmer, Jim Keyes, Roy Mcdonald Dec 1993

A Prairie Dog Abatement Program In San Juan County, Utah, Terry A. Messmer, Jim Keyes, Roy Mcdonald

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Four species of prairie dogs are native to the plains and plateaus of the western United States. The most abundant and widely distributed of these is the blacktailed prairie dog, (Cynomys ludovicianus). This species has been a frequent topic of discussion at previous Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control workshops.

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Future Extension Programs On Wildlife Damage Management, James E. Miller Dec 1993

Future Extension Programs On Wildlife Damage Management, James E. Miller

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Extension educational programs, in cooperation with other federal and state organizations, significantly contribute to the present status of wildlife damage management as understood by natural resources professionals and the interested public. Although Extension Service, USDA provides national leadership and coordination of programs, most of the effective programs originate at the state and local level Cooperative Extension Service, regardless of the subject matter. This is particularly true in the area of wildlife damage management. For example, a recent compilation of Extension publications and videotapes on wildlife damage management identifies well over 100 titles available throughout the CES System (Ruff, Craven and …

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The Prairie Dog Ecosystems And Endangered Species, Daniel W. Mulhern, Kenneth L. Powell Dec 1993

The Prairie Dog Ecosystems And Endangered Species, Daniel W. Mulhern, Kenneth L. Powell

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The prairie dog is no doubt one of the most controversial animals in the western United States. Public sentiment regarding this rodent runs the gamut from some livestock producers who are satisfied only with complete eradication of all prairie dogs, and some animal rights groups who would like to see all prairie dogs given complete protection from any form of harm. Between these two extremes lie the real truths surrounding this sometimes destructive, mostly biologically beneficial, creature.

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Lyme Disease: Incidence And Prevention, With Emphasis On Wildlife Biologists, Robert M. Timor, Robert S. Lane Dec 1993

Lyme Disease: Incidence And Prevention, With Emphasis On Wildlife Biologists, Robert M. Timor, Robert S. Lane

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Lyme disease, a potentially debilitating illness in humans if untreated, is caused by the spirochete Bonrelia burgdorferi. First recognized in the mid-1970s in Lyme, Connecticut, the disease has been reported in at least 46 of the United States and in Canada, Australia, Asia, and Europe. This disease is primarily transmitted to humans by tick bite. In California, the tick believed primarily responsible is the western black-legged tick, Nodes pacificus In the upper midwestern and northeastern states, the usual vector is Nodes scapularis (formerly I_. ammini in part).

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Response Of A Mixed-Grass Prairie In Western Nebraska To Livestock Exclusion And Prairie Dog Control, Dallas Virchow, Scott E. Hygnstrom Dec 1993

Response Of A Mixed-Grass Prairie In Western Nebraska To Livestock Exclusion And Prairie Dog Control, Dallas Virchow, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

We examined responses of rangeland vegetation to exclusion of cattle and control of black-tailed prairie dogs ( n m s ludovicianus). Our objective was to determine the response in: 1) annual net primary production (ANPP) and 2) mean grass height (PH) to prairie dog control and/or livestock exclusion. We conducted the research in the northern mixed-grass prairie of Nebraska's central Panhandle. Average annual rainfall is shout 3 5 cm (14 in).

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Developing Risk Communication Skills: More Than Damage Management, Deanne Wright Dec 1993

Developing Risk Communication Skills: More Than Damage Management, Deanne Wright

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Risk communication provides a methodology that enables an organization to respond effectively to issues or situations of a controversial nature. It is one important aspect of risk management.

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Survey Of Nuisance Urban Geese In The United States, James E. Forbes Dec 1993

Survey Of Nuisance Urban Geese In The United States, James E. Forbes

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Problems caused by Canada geese in urban areas include defecation and molted feathers on lawns and golf courses, fowling water supplies, noise, attacks upon small children, and bird hazard to aircraft at airports. Detailed discussion of nuisance Canada geese in Connecticut and New York are reported by Forbes (1982) and Converse (1985). This paper updates the survey of nuisance Canada geese in urban areas of the eastern U.S. by Conover and Chasko (1985).

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An Evaluation Of Laminated Offset Jawed Traps For Reducing Injuries To Coyotes, John M. Houben, Merrilee Holland, Sherman W. Jack, Carolyn R. Boyle Dec 1993

An Evaluation Of Laminated Offset Jawed Traps For Reducing Injuries To Coyotes, John M. Houben, Merrilee Holland, Sherman W. Jack, Carolyn R. Boyle

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Increasing public concern about injuries caused by foothold traps has resulted in a considerable amount of research for more humane traps. Much of this research effort has focused on evaluating the Victor No. 3 Soft-Catch trap manufactured by Woodstream Corporation, Lititz, Pennsylvania (Linhart and Dasch 1992). Research has concentrated on two major areas: (1) efficiency and selectivity of different trap types and modifications used for capturing coyotes (Canis latrans) and (2) reducing animal injuries associated with trapping (Phillips and Mullis 1991). The Soft-Catch trap has been shown to reduce foot injury sustained by most captured furbearers (Tullar 1984, Olsen et …

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Update On Development Of A Tranquilizer Trap Device, Peter J. Savarie, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Edward W. Schafer Jr. Dec 1993

Update On Development Of A Tranquilizer Trap Device, Peter J. Savarie, Kathleen A. Fagerstone, Edward W. Schafer Jr.

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The foothold trap is an important tool that is used by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal Damage Control (ADC) program to capture coyotes (Canis latrans) that are causing livestock depredations. In FY 1990 and FY 1991 the ADC program trapped 17,732 and 15,805 coyotes, respectively (USDA 1991;1992). Foothold traps can cause trauma and injury to feet and legs (Englund 1982; Linhart et al. 1986; Olsen et al. 1986, 1988; Onderka et al. 1990, Tullar 1984) and Onderka et al. (1990) observed oral injuries such as broken teeth, and tongue and gum lacerations in captured animals. The ADC program and …

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Wildlife Damge And The Iowa Farmer. The Influence Of Perspective, James L. Pease Ph.D. Dec 1993

Wildlife Damge And The Iowa Farmer. The Influence Of Perspective, James L. Pease Ph.D.

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Over 90% of Iowa's land base is privately owned and managed for agriculture. Less than 2% is publicly-owned and managed specifically for wildlife. Thus, virtually all of Iowa's 36 million acres (14.8 million hectares) has been altered. Some 70% of the forests have been lost, over 95% of the wetlands drained, and over 99.9% of the native prairies have been converted to agricultural, transportation, or other human uses. Such extensive alteration of habitats encourages the wildlife species that are ecological generalists to flourish. These species are also those that are most likely to come into conflict with humans, competing with …

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The Impact Of European Community's Humane Trapping Resolution On U.S. Wildlife Damage Control Program, Mahadev Bhat, Robert Gotie, Luther Keller Dec 1993

The Impact Of European Community's Humane Trapping Resolution On U.S. Wildlife Damage Control Program, Mahadev Bhat, Robert Gotie, Luther Keller

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This paper discusses the implications that The European Economic Community's recent Wild Fur Regulation (WFR) might have on the U.S. wildlife damage control program. Beginning Jan. 1, 1995, the regulation will ban fur imports originating from countries which fail to (1) stop foothold trapping, and (2) adopt international humane trapping standards. Countries which pledge to adopt humane trapping standards will be granted a one-year extension to comply with the WFR. Because the European community is an important market for American furs, the regulation will affect the trapping of many American fur-bearing species, including raccoon, beaver, bobcat, muskrat, coyote, otter, badger, …

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Endangered Species And Pesticides: The Kansas Program, Sue Ann Funk Dec 1993

Endangered Species And Pesticides: The Kansas Program, Sue Ann Funk

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), because of its responsibility for registering pesticides for use in the U.S., is subject to the restrictions of federal Endangered Species Law. Before a pesticide can be registered, and subsequently marketed, EPA must guarantee that specific pesticides will not place an endangered species in peril. The Division of Plant Health of the Kansas State Board of Agriculture has received a grant from EPA to enforce the protection of listed species from pesticide exposure in Kansas.

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Urban Nuisance Wildlife Control In Kentucky, Thomas G. Barnes Dec 1993

Urban Nuisance Wildlife Control In Kentucky, Thomas G. Barnes

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A variety of factors including increased urbanization, decreased funding for governmental animal damage programs, and increases in some urban wildlife populations have resulted in a greater demand for urban nuisance wildlife control. Historically, this demand was met by Cooperative Extension Service (San Julian 1987), state fish and wildlife agency, or USDA-APHIS-ADC employees (Bollengier 1987). These agencies provided educational materials, consultations, and/or physically removed animals. Recently, there is an increased demand for physical animal removal evidenced by increasing numbers of private pest control operators (PCO) specializing as urban nuisance wildlife control operators (NWCO).

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Livestock Protection Collars In The United States, 1988-19931, Guy Connolly Dec 1993

Livestock Protection Collars In The United States, 1988-19931, Guy Connolly

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The livestock protection collar (LP Collar) i: one of the few technical innovations: developed over the past 20 years fog managing coyote depredation on livestock Invented by Roy McBride in 1970, the LF Collar was researched at length by the Denver Wildlife Research Center (DWRC; and several cooperators before being approved for use with Compound 1080 by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1985 (Burns et al. 1988, 1991; Connolly et al. 1978; Connolly 1980, 1985, 1990; Connolly and Burns 1990; Littauer 1984; Scrivner 1983; Scrivner and Wade 1986; TAMU 1983).

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How To Involve Local Communities In Wildlife Damage Control Decision-Malting, Scott R. Craven Dec 1993

How To Involve Local Communities In Wildlife Damage Control Decision-Malting, Scott R. Craven

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In most cases the impetus for wildlife damage control (ADC) comes from the individual or group victimized by the problem, i.e., the farmers losing crops to migrating waterfowl or the homeowners frustrated with the loss of valuable ornamental plants to marauding deer. These "victims" or "stakeholders" are clearly best positioned to describe the nature and extent of the problem, how they feel about it, and to comment on what action could/should be taken to reduce or end the problem.

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Wildlife Damage Management In The 90s—Does The Professional Fit The Profession?, Jay B. Mcaninch Apr 1991

Wildlife Damage Management In The 90s—Does The Professional Fit The Profession?, Jay B. Mcaninch

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

A recurring theme at animal damage conferences has been the lack of interest in, and recognition of, animal damage management or problem wildlife manage-ment as an important topic in the wildlife profession (Timm 1982; Berryman 1983, 1989; Jones 1983; Miller 1987; San Julian 1989; Schmidt 1989a). This concern has been raised by Animal Damage Control (ADC) workers in urban, suburban, agri-cultural and forested systems and, in fact, can be heard in nearly any landscape in which wildlife are in conflict with people's use of the land. While the scope of these issues involves the largest potential constitu-ency the wildlife profession …

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Utah State University's Academic Program In Wildlife Damage Management, Michael R. Conover, Raymond D. Dueser, Frederick F. Knowlton, Joseph A. Chapman Apr 1991

Utah State University's Academic Program In Wildlife Damage Management, Michael R. Conover, Raymond D. Dueser, Frederick F. Knowlton, Joseph A. Chapman

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Every wildlife species has positive values or benefits it provides to society. Some people enjoy hunting, while others enjoy watching and hearing wildlife; still other people derive pleasure simply knowing animals exist free from human dependency (King 1947, Ehrenfeld 1976, Steinhoff 1978). Each species also has negative values (Decker and Purdy 1988) associated with adverse impacts, such as property damage, damage to agricultural crops, predation on other valuable species, or simply being a nuisance. For any location and point in time, the net value of any wildlife resource is the sum of all its positive and negative values. The goal …

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What's In A Name?, Robert S. Cook Apr 1991

What's In A Name?, Robert S. Cook

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Communication is a vital part of this complex world in which we live. Even with the vast vocabulary that has evolved throughout recorded history, we still often find difficulty in expressing ourselves. As receivers of information, we struggle to grasp what the other person is trying to say. Also, when we speak to others, we struggle for the right words to use so that we can convey to that person exactly what we mean. The words we use and how we use them are very important to us as we communicate with each other. We have all experienced a time …

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Social, Political, Legal, And Ethical Aspects Of Wildlife Damage Management, Robert H. Schmidt, Terrell P. Salmon Apr 1991

Social, Political, Legal, And Ethical Aspects Of Wildlife Damage Management, Robert H. Schmidt, Terrell P. Salmon

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife damage management practices are more influenced by our social environ-ment today than in any other period during history. Change is clearly in the wind, and the scope and range of that change will be defined by the social, legal, political, and ethical constraints determined by all seg-ments of society. By defining the decision-making environment, however, management decisions can be made with a clearer under-standing of potential ramifications and, hopefully, a refinement of uncertain princi-ples that influence management decisions affecting natural resource use (Holling 1978).

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Educating People About Wildlife Damage, Jeffrey S. Green Apr 1991

Educating People About Wildlife Damage, Jeffrey S. Green

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Managing the damage that species of wildlife cause to human-owned resources is a legitimate area of specialization in the field of wildlife management. In recent years, wildlife damage management, particularly the Federal government's Animal Damage Control (ADC) program, has come under increased scrutiny and opposition. Reasons for the increased focus on ADC are varied but no doubt center on the fact that some of ADC's activities involve killing animals. Groups opposed to ADC have used the media to gain a following, but the glimpses of ADC they have shown to the public are rarely balanced or objective. Stories usually focus …

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Effects Of A Visual Barrier Fence On The Behavior And Movements Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Nancy S. Foster-Mcdonald, Scott E. Hygnstrom Apr 1991

Effects Of A Visual Barrier Fence On The Behavior And Movements Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs, Nancy S. Foster-Mcdonald, Scott E. Hygnstrom

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Prairie dogs prefer an open view of their surroundings and may abandon an area with visual obstructions. We examined the effects of a visual barrier fence, which had a see-through visibility of 60%, on the foraging, vigilance, and aggressive behaviors of adult female black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) in central Nebraska. We expected animals near a visual barrier to spend more time in vigilance and less time foraging. Adult female prairie dogs exposed to a visual barrier spent a greater amount of time foraging and less time in a headbob position than those not exposed to a fence (P = …

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Burrowing Owl Ecology And Suggestions For Minimizing Impacts Of Prairie Dog Control, Martha J. Desmond, Julie A. Savidge Apr 1991

Burrowing Owl Ecology And Suggestions For Minimizing Impacts Of Prairie Dog Control, Martha J. Desmond, Julie A. Savidge

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia) are declining throughout much of their range. They were placed on the Audubon Society's Blue List in 1971 and were listed as a Species of Special Concern in 1986. Little information exists on burrowing owl population sizes and causes of population declines appear to be mostly speculation. Although considerable research has been done on burrowing owls in the Western United States, relatively little is known of the burrowing owl population in the Great Plains. In the Great Plains, burrowing owls will nest in abandoned badger (Taxidea taxus) burrows but are most commonly associated with black-tailed prairie …

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Reducing Nuisance Canada Goose Problems Through Habitat Manipulation, Michael R. Conover Apr 1991

Reducing Nuisance Canada Goose Problems Through Habitat Manipulation, Michael R. Conover

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Urban populations of Canada geese (Branta canadensis) cause considerable problems when large numbers congregate in parks, playing fields, and backyards. In most cases, geese are drawn to these sites to feed on the lawns. I tested whether geese have feeding preferences for different grass species. Captive Canada geese preferred Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and disliked tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceae) over colonial bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis cv. Highland), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and red fescue (Festuca rubra). They refused to eat some other ground covers such as pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) and English ivy (Hedera helix). These results suggest that goose numbers at …

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Environmentalism And Animal Welfare: Cornerstones Of Wildlife Damage Management, Rick D. Owens Apr 1991

Environmentalism And Animal Welfare: Cornerstones Of Wildlife Damage Management, Rick D. Owens

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

There are two issues which each of us, personally and as professional wildlife biologists, share a belief in, and which are essential to the conduct of our day-to-day wildlife management activities. Unfortunately, because of associated negative implications, we have failed to appropriately acknowledge and receive credit for our concerns regarding these issues. These are the issues of environmentalism and animal welfare. This discussion will serve to clarify what these terms should mean to us, why they should be considered cornerstones of wildlife damage management, and the actions we must take in addressing these issues. It is imperative that we become …

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A Matter Of Perspective, Dale Rollins Apr 1991

A Matter Of Perspective, Dale Rollins

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Abstract: One's views regarding the relative or absolute merits of predators are largely a matter of individual perspective. Surveys have documented that rural and urban residents differ greatly on the scope of predator problems and methods for predator management. In order to educate the urban public, a broadcast quality videotape was produced that outlines the controversy surrounding predator control in general, and coyote control in particular. This video examines the coyote from the perspective of a sheep rancher, an "environmentalist," and an ecologist. The intent of the program is to neither praise nor condemn the coyote, but to provide the …

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An Update On The Revision Of The Handbook, "Prevention And Control Of Wildlife Damage", Scott E. Hygnstrom, Robert M. Timm, Gary A. Larson Apr 1991

An Update On The Revision Of The Handbook, "Prevention And Control Of Wildlife Damage", Scott E. Hygnstrom, Robert M. Timm, Gary A. Larson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wildlife species have an important role in our environment and they provide many recreational, economic, and aesthetic benefits. Management of these species is necessary, however, when they cause damage to agricultural, industrial, and natural resources, and threaten personal property, public health, and safety. Published estimates indicate that commensal rodents, field rodents, and predators combined, cause >$2 billion in damage in North America annually. Because of the social and economic impacts of wildlife damage, there is a need for up-to-date information on the prevention and control of wildlife damage for producers, resource managers, administrators, and the public. The book, "Prevention and …

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Damage Due To Scent Marking By Eastern Gray And Fox Squirrels, John L. Koprowski Apr 1991

Damage Due To Scent Marking By Eastern Gray And Fox Squirrels, John L. Koprowski

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The stripping of bark by eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) is a serious problem in England with 50 to 100% of the trees damaged in some locations (Shorten 1957). The economic consequences of such damage have resulted in much research (Kenward 1982, 1983; Kenward and Parish 1986); squirrel-induced damage to trees also occurs in North America (Allen 1943, Brenneman 1954) but is rarely of the magnitude observed in England. At least 10 hypotheses (reviewed by Kenward 1983) have been suggested to account for bark-stripping damage including: 1) reduction of tooth wear; 2) uncontrolled gnawing reflex; 3) source of nesting material; …

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