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Articles 2491 - 2520 of 2924

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Reproductive Inhibitors For Coyote Population Control: Developments And Current Status, John N. Stellflug, Norman L. Gates, R. Garth Sasser Mar 1978

Reproductive Inhibitors For Coyote Population Control: Developments And Current Status, John N. Stellflug, Norman L. Gates, R. Garth Sasser

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Coyote depreciation often causes severe losses of livestock and wildlife in many areas. The use of toxicants is banned for coyote control in the United States necessitating the consideration of alternative methods of control of these predators. This review deals with a class of possible alternatives for population control (reproductive inhibitors) and the conditions associated with selection and application of reproductive inhibitors to the target species.

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Biological Control Of Conifer Seed Damage By The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Thomas P. Sullivan Mar 1978

Biological Control Of Conifer Seed Damage By The Deer Mouse (Peromyscus Maniculatus), Thomas P. Sullivan

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This paper describes the development of a biological technique that successfully controls conifer seed damage by the deer mouse. Eleven experiments have been conducted on three study areas at the University of British Columbia Research Forest, Maple Ridge, B.C. Populations of deer mice have been monitored in all experiments with data from 56,000 trap nights. The technique involves a mixture of conifer seed (Douglas fir) with sunflower seed and oats which is uniformly distributed on logged areas in the late winter-early spring. Survival of conifer seed with these alternate foods was excellent, compared with control Douglas fir by itself, for …

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Muskrat Control In The Netherlands, W.J. Doude Van Troostwijk Mar 1978

Muskrat Control In The Netherlands, W.J. Doude Van Troostwijk

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Muskrats were introduced into Europe and have now spread over this part of the world. Their success as a colonizing species is discussed, as well as the problems they create in a man-made environment. Due to their successfulness, a strict control program has been changed to a management program in order to keep numbers below the level at which intolerable damage occurs.

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Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver Mar 1978

Changing Status Of Mountain Lion In California And Livestock Depredation Problems, Richard A. Weaver

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

The California Department of Fish and Game studied depredation by mountain lions on livestock from 1971 through 1977 to determine the scope of the problem. Information was needed on the physical characteristics of a stock killer, the frequency and trend of predation, the livestock types preyed upon, and the geographic distribution of incidents. Department of Fish and Game verified 134 incidents of mountain lion predation on livestock which occurred between April 1971 and December 1977. Forty-five mountain lions (28 males and 17 females) were killed on depredation during this time. Approximately 42 percent of the predation incidents involved sheep, 22 …

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Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood Mar 1978

Influences On The Science Of Animal Damage Control, John R. Wood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

This paper is about the complexity of animal damage control science and its research, methods development, and control applications. It is not the point here to discourse on the individual methodology used in animal damage control research. The discussion is to point out that many researchers, wildlife managers, bureaucrats, or advocates fail to understand the situation in the science of animal damage control and its attendant problems that need resolution. (1,2,3)

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Rodents As Agricultural Pests In Mexico—National Rodent Campaign, Federico Sanches Navarete Mar 1978

Rodents As Agricultural Pests In Mexico—National Rodent Campaign, Federico Sanches Navarete

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Since 1973, through the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources, the Mexican Government has established a general campaign against the most important groups of vertebrate pests, which cause severe damage to growing crops, stored products and mechanical damage to agricultural and irrigation schemes. To achieve information on this subject, presently the main office of the program is engaged on several activities such as the evaluation of the damage, trapping, species involved, research on population structure (densities and fluctuations to prevent sudden increase of rodent population), sex proportion, pregnancy (number of embryos), bait formulation, distribution methods, etc. Sigmodon spp., Oryzomys spp., …

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Wildlife As Vectors In Diseases: Approaches To Solving These Problems In The United Kingdom, Harry V. Thompson Mar 1978

Wildlife As Vectors In Diseases: Approaches To Solving These Problems In The United Kingdom, Harry V. Thompson

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Interest in wildlife diseases and their importance to man and his livestock has increased in the United Kingdom during the past decade. Reasons for this are given and particular reference made to the single occurrence of rabies outside quarantine in Britain, in 1969 (the first since 1922), and to the links between bovine tuberculosis in badgers and in cattle.

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Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood Mar 1978

Vertebrate Control Chemicals: Current Status Of Registrations, Rebuttable Presumptions Against Registrations, And Effects On Users, Glenn A. Hood

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 8th (1978)

Man's use of chemical pesticides has received much attention in recent years, reflecting or generating public consciousness of our environmental welfare. The establishment of Water Quality Acts, the Toxic Substances Control Act, air pollution standards, and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also exemplify this consciousness which has become a major political force. Although there is some unyielding antagonism against all chemicals used to control pests, there is general agreement that pesticides are necessary for the protection of our health, food, fiber, and habitats. Nevertheless, some pesticides have serious shortcomings, especially toxicity to nontarget organisms and long persistence in the environment. …

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Progress Report To The Second Pine Mouse Symposium On Control Measures By New York Growers, Steve Clark Feb 1978

Progress Report To The Second Pine Mouse Symposium On Control Measures By New York Growers, Steve Clark

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

In the past year, The Pine Mouse Action Committee of the North Eastern Fruit Council, mounted a successful campaign to secure a state label for endrin. This was a temporary state label for special use in pine vole infested orchards. Warren Smith, Extension Agent, will explain in more detail how this was done and what restrictions were imposed. To most of you, this may not seem like we made much progress, but this is the first time a persistent chemical has been returned to the active list. We feel the endrin will give us the needed vole control in orchards …

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The Hudson Valley's Experience Securing Endrin For Use In 1977, Warren H. Smith Feb 1978

The Hudson Valley's Experience Securing Endrin For Use In 1977, Warren H. Smith

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The year 1977 was eventful for Hudson Valley fruit growers who are troubled by pine voles. In March when the snows melted it was clearly evident that serious vole damage to area orchards had taken place and immediate action was necessary to eradicate this menace. Cooperative Extension played a major leadership role organizing grower committee activities, and the North Eastern Fruit Council, a newly formed grower group, represented the industry during these activities. Steve Clark, a Milton, New York fruit grower, was chosen as chairman of the North Eastern Fruit Council grower action committee.

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Matters Of Concern In Rodent Control In Pennsylvania Orchards, C. M. Ritter Feb 1978

Matters Of Concern In Rodent Control In Pennsylvania Orchards, C. M. Ritter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Rodent control -- both meadow and pine -- has been and continues to be a matter of major concern in all Pennsylvania orchards. Insect and disease problems are vexing but largely seasonal and comparatively easy to correct. Rodent damage, at best, is a debilitating factor in tree growth and fruit production. At worst, it is terminal so far as tree life is concerned.

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Preliminary Benefit Analysis Of Endrin Use On Apple Orchards, Mark A. Luttner Feb 1978

Preliminary Benefit Analysis Of Endrin Use On Apple Orchards, Mark A. Luttner

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This article summarizes the Preliminary Benefit Analysis of Endrin Use on Apple Orchards of September, 1977. The analysis was prepared to be an input to the risk/benefit decision by the Administrator of EPA as to the continued registration of endrin under FIFRA, as amended. A notice of rebuttable presumption against registration (RPAR) of endrin was Issued in the Federal Register on July 27, 1976. If the data on human health and or environmental risks cited in the RPAR are not rebutted and risks outweigh benefits, the Administrator may announce intent to cancel the apple orchard registrations of endrin. This report …

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The Pine Vole - Monitoring And Research Efforts, Burel H. Lane Feb 1978

The Pine Vole - Monitoring And Research Efforts, Burel H. Lane

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The fruit industry is an important segment of New York's agricultural economy generating over 100 million dollars of farm income annually. Of the 66,740 acres of apples in the state, four counties of the lower Hudson River Valley incorporate 20,680 acres or approximately 30% of New York's apple acreage.

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1976 Ipoms Vole Results, Don W. Hayne Feb 1978

1976 Ipoms Vole Results, Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This is a preliminary report on the vole portions of an interdisciplinary study of integrated pest and orchard management systems (IPOMS) in North Carolina. Vole trapping results of winter 1976-77 in 46 orchards are reported and compared to vegetational and chemical measurements made in the same orchards the previous summer.

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An Experimental Comparison Of Vole Control Methods, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don W. Hayne Feb 1978

An Experimental Comparison Of Vole Control Methods, William T. Sullivan Jr., Don W. Hayne

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This is a description of a new relatively long-term study of pine vole control under the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. The objective is to evaluate on an experimental basis, the principal methods used to control vole populations and damage in apple orchards.

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Research Funding, C. Leslie Mccombs Feb 1978

Research Funding, C. Leslie Mccombs

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The purpose of this paper is to review the past trends in funding agricultural research and focus on the current situation and offer suggestions for ways that we might help ourselves in the funding crisis that seemingly gets worse each year.

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Efficacy Data For Baits Prepared As Candidate Orchard Vole Control Agents, Milo Richmond, Mary Dunlay, Robert Stehn Feb 1978

Efficacy Data For Baits Prepared As Candidate Orchard Vole Control Agents, Milo Richmond, Mary Dunlay, Robert Stehn

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

I believe this audience is already well aware of the dilemma in New York State. We have suffered extensive damage from orchard mice over the past three years in New York with some growers losing their entire operation. The pine vole, Pitymys pinetorum, has assumed an Important role as an orchard pest and in eastern New York easily surpasses the related meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus as a significant orchard pest. A recent grower-funded economic survey, initiated by this Unit, and reported in a paper by Pearson and Forsney (1978) points up the severity of losses thru reduced quality and …

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Recent Vole Research In New York's Hudson Valley, Jonathan Bart, Milo E. Richmond Feb 1978

Recent Vole Research In New York's Hudson Valley, Jonathan Bart, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

During fall, 1977, four potential chemical methods for controlling pine voles (Pitymys pinetorum) were evaluated on 12, one hectare plots in three apple orchards in the lower Hudson River valley. Each plot consisted of 45 trees. Three plots were treated with endrin, applied at the recommended rate of 1.5 lbs. per acre; two were treated with 2% technical Vacor (RH 787), applied in an unpelletized meal formulation at a rate of 60-70 gms per tree; two received 10% Vacor in an egg-sugar mix (marketed for human consumption as "Marshmallow Fluff") applied at the rate of 5-10 grams per …

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Research Needs: Pine Vole Depredations, G. K. Lavoie, H. P. Tietjen Feb 1978

Research Needs: Pine Vole Depredations, G. K. Lavoie, H. P. Tietjen

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine voles {Pitymys pinetorum (Audubon and Bachman), or Microtus pinetorum (LeConte)} are pests of significant economic importance to orchardists in several eastern and northeastern states. The purpose of this report is to selectively review the status of pine vole research from the control, biological, ecological, and behavioral aspects, and to recommend the research needed to develop effective, economical, and safe programs for controlling this problem.

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Tank Test Method For Determining Rootstock Resistance To Pine Vole Attack, John C. Wysolmerski, R. E. Byers, James N. Cummins Feb 1978

Tank Test Method For Determining Rootstock Resistance To Pine Vole Attack, John C. Wysolmerski, R. E. Byers, James N. Cummins

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Pine vole attack of one-year-old stem tissue of clones representing many hybrid and other species revealed 5 cultivars apparently less susceptible to damage when compared to Golden Delicious stems. Fusca seemed to be least attacked along with 74R5M9-62, PI 286613, N.Y. 11928, and Hall.

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Herbaceous Cover Spray Of Chlorophacinone For Meadow Mice Control In Apple Orchards, Raymond E. Hunter Feb 1978

Herbaceous Cover Spray Of Chlorophacinone For Meadow Mice Control In Apple Orchards, Raymond E. Hunter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Very effective control of the short-tailed meadow mice (Microtus spp.) was obtained by means of grass and weed spraying in two orchards with Chlorophacinone. This toxin was applied in one orchard with a boom-type tractor sprayer and in another orchard with a hand-gun nozzle operated from the tractor manually. The anti-coagulant rodenticide in each orchard was mixed in spray tanks at the rate of one pint per 100 gallons water. Spray was directed to an area two feet on each side of apple tree rows applying six pints of the concentrate per treated acre. A five-foot strip of dense …

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Reproductive Patterns In The Pine Vole, Margaret Horsfall Schadler Feb 1978

Reproductive Patterns In The Pine Vole, Margaret Horsfall Schadler

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Reproductive potential in the pine vole is low compared with other small rodents including other species of voles. Age of maturity is late. Males do not reach puberty before 51 days and females before 77 days. Estrus and ovulation are not spontaneous but tend to be induced by mature males. Gestation is long (24 days). Litter sizes are small (2.8 young weaned per female). Litters are produced less frequently because, although females mate and conceive within 3 days of parturition, prolonged gestation insures a minimum of 24-27 days between litters. Only dominant females in a group carry litters to term …

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Comparison Of Pine Vole Populations In A Maintained And An Abandoned Orchard, S. K. Kukila, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick Feb 1978

Comparison Of Pine Vole Populations In A Maintained And An Abandoned Orchard, S. K. Kukila, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Before more effective and reliable control methods for pine vole populations can be developed, it is essential to increase our knowledge of the pine vole's basic biology and ecology. Former research conducted by Estep et al (1978) and Noffsinger (1976) has demonstrated distinct differences in food habits, physiological condition and reproductive activity of pine voles in active and abandoned orchards. A summary of their findings is presented in Kirkpatrick and Noffsinger (1977). Results from these studies has promoted an interest to more completely define population characteristics of pine voles in these two orchard types. In this manner, it will be …

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An Ecological Framework For Vole Management, Jay Mcaninch Feb 1978

An Ecological Framework For Vole Management, Jay Mcaninch

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

A great deal of past pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) research has focused upon toxicants as a means of population control. The advent of more and more environmental restrictions on chemical uses and toxicant resistance in target populations has created endless research in this area of vole control techniques. The application of wildlife management principles through biological and cultural techniques could serve as a sound foundation upon which to build a vole control program.

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Frontmatter Feb 1978

Frontmatter

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Frontmatter

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Registration List Feb 1978

Registration List

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Registration List

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A Grower's View Of Vole Control Methods, R. N. Barber Feb 1978

A Grower's View Of Vole Control Methods, R. N. Barber

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Barber Orchards has been an operating orchard since 1903. Our number one problem as far as pests are concerned has been the loss of trees due to mice — pine and meadow vole.

In the 20's, 30’s, and 40's, we consistently lost from 300 to 500 trees per year, even though we were putting out and using every known conventional bait station and bait known to the various states growing apples in a commercial way. We used poisoned oats, wheat, chufers, peanuts and apples which we placed in the runs and holes, as well as under one yard squares of …

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A Grower's Experience In Pine Mice Control - 1973 Through 1977, Philip Glaize Feb 1978

A Grower's Experience In Pine Mice Control - 1973 Through 1977, Philip Glaize

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

By 1973 Endrin in Virginia was pro-Ting ineffective. Mice were resistant to Endrin in Most orchards.

Dr. Horafall had started work with Chlorophaclone (C.P.N.) just prior to 1973 and Virginia had cleared it for experimental use.

In November we purchased a considerable amount of the first that was manufactured.

The first C.P.N. that was applied at the recommended rate of .2 lbs. per acre was very effective. The weather was fairly warm and according to our checks we had 90 percent control.

Unfortunately, part of our C.P.N. separated due to a bad formulation and we could not complete the job.

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The Meadow, Prairie, And Pine Vole Problem In Ohio, Charles L. Mcgriff Feb 1978

The Meadow, Prairie, And Pine Vole Problem In Ohio, Charles L. Mcgriff

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Fruit growers, nurserymen, and Christmas tree growers in Ohio suffer economic loss each year if tree-girdling mice are present and not con¬trolled. Unfortunately, in Ohio as elsewhere we have no practical method for arriving at the total value of loss from mouse damage. The grower's reports of losses are merely estimates.

Populations of meadow, prairie, and pine voles are present in Ohio, with pine voles most common in the Southern part. It is essential that the grower identify the species present, because control methods differ, and the same materials are not equally effective for all species.

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Proceedings Of The Second Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium Feb 1978

Proceedings Of The Second Eastern Pine And Meadow Vole Symposium

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE SECOND EASTERN FINE AND MEADOW VOLE SYMPOSIUM

The Second Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium met at Beltsville, Maryland, February 23-24, 1978, to discuss various solutions to the serious damage caused by these rodents to fruit trees in the Eastern United States. Fruit growers, local, state, and federal research and extension specialists from many universities, Environmental Protection Agency, U. S. Department of Agriculture, U. S. Department of Interior, and the chemical industry participated in the program.

The purpose of the second symposium was to focus attention on one of the most serious cultural problems facing the fruit …

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