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Articles 2281 - 2310 of 2924

Full-Text Articles in Environmental Health and Protection

Nebraska's Animal Damage Control Program, Robert P. Kelly Oct 1981

Nebraska's Animal Damage Control Program, Robert P. Kelly

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Nebraska has had an animal damage control program of some sort for at least 40 years that we are able to determine. In the program's early days, it was spotty, with a supervisor and trappers responding sporadically as word was received that ranchers, primarily in the sandhills and western part of the state, were losing sheep or calves to coyotes.

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The Potential Dollar Value Of Tree Loss In Orchards, George W. J. Laidlaw Oct 1981

The Potential Dollar Value Of Tree Loss In Orchards, George W. J. Laidlaw

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Rising costs have increased the need to re-evaluate the attributes which influence profit or lack of it . People are no longer willing to accept loss when cost-benefit information allows the farmer or orchardman to appreciate the repercussions associated with mismanagement.

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Usda And Animal Damage Control, James O. Lee Jr. Oct 1981

Usda And Animal Damage Control, James O. Lee Jr.

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I appreciate the opportunity to appear before your group to express the views of the Department of Agriculture concerning animal damage control. The Department of Agriculture strongly supports and recognizes the need for immediate animal damage control to reduce livestock losses. It sees the need for—and supports--an animal damage control program that both uses existing methods and develops new and more selective ones and, at the same time, protects the environment.

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Opening Comments And Extension's Role In Nebraska, Leo E. Lucas Oct 1981

Opening Comments And Extension's Role In Nebraska, Leo E. Lucas

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

I would like to echo Dr. Massengale's comments in welcoming you to Nebraska. We are pleased to have you here. Nebraska is a major agricultural state. Ninety-seven percent of the land is privately owned and most of it is in agricultural production of one type or another. Nebraska ranks fifth in total receipt sales of Ag products. Nebraska ranks second in the nation in numbers of cattle on feed, fourth in cash receipts from all livestock marketing, first in production of great northern beans, popcorn and alfalfa meal, and fourth in corn production. Agriculture is important to the state's economy.

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Future Of Pesticides In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh Oct 1981

Future Of Pesticides In Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The present state-of-the-art provides little information which would lead to the conclusions that animal damage control will take a new direction away from chemicals. Hence, vertebrate pesticides whether toxicants or repellents will remain essential components of integrated pest management programs. The future of vertebrate pesticides is far from being bright, but current developments offer some good reasons to remain optimistic. The various factors which influence the development of new vertebrate pesticides (principally rodenticides) are discussed along with projections of stable as well as changing trends. Speculation on the future of vertebrate pesticides may provide tentative directions for some and forecast …

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The Unrealistic Ipm Parameters Of Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh Oct 1981

The Unrealistic Ipm Parameters Of Vertebrate Pest Control, Rex E. Marsh

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In actual practice certain phases of integrated pest management (IPM), i.e., the utilization of a multitude of control methods, have always played a role in vertebrate pest management. For example, sanitation and rodent-proofing have always been viewed as most important aspects of rat control. IPM is a necessity in vertebrate pest control because total dependence on lethal chemical-control methods is not possible with many animal pest problems. Toxic chemicals, when used alone, are often not sufficiently effective as a single management practice.

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A Common Sense Approach To Commensal Rodent Control, Edward F. Marshall Oct 1981

A Common Sense Approach To Commensal Rodent Control, Edward F. Marshall

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

More than once the phrase has been heard, "I don't know what's in your bait, I don't have time to read the label, but it sure does work good." To be quite frank, a pest control operator (PCO) or for that matter, any pesticide user cannot afford not to read and understand pesticide labels. Commensal rodent control has been practiced for centuries, utilizing a variety of devices and poisons. However, in the last three decades new toxicants and bait forms have been developed, but are not fully understood. It is of great importance that first we take a common sense …

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Welcome, Martin A. Massengale Oct 1981

Welcome, Martin A. Massengale

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

It's a real pleasure to welcome you to the University of Nebraska - Lincoln this morning. I see many people here that I know have come from numerous states across this part of the country. We welcome you. I'm sorry we don't have a sunny Lincoln to welcome you to, but I’m sure that if you've come from this part of the country, you welcome the moisture whenever it arrives.

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L:Egal Problems Of Bird Damage Control - Protected Species And Practical Solutions, Ronald D. Ogden Oct 1981

L:Egal Problems Of Bird Damage Control - Protected Species And Practical Solutions, Ronald D. Ogden

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Legal problems in bird damage control can occur from two directions. First, most birds are protected by federal law; all birds are protected by some states and all birds can be protected by local governing agencies. Second, the method of control may be restricted by state or local governments. Some states require permits to use toxicants; shooting is prohibited in some areas by local government. The only practical solution is to know the federal and state regulations pertaining to each individual project and to check each time with local agencies for further restrictions. A federal permit is required to trap …

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Computers And Vertebrate Pest Control, Terrell P. Salmon, Dennis C. Stroud, Aileen Kennedy Oct 1981

Computers And Vertebrate Pest Control, Terrell P. Salmon, Dennis C. Stroud, Aileen Kennedy

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Computers are affordable and usable by most individuals involved in vertebrate pest control. Their value as a research tool for vertebrate pest population modeling has been proposed; however, few, if any, are being used for field operations. Despite their ecological limitations, simulating models have been developed that are useful in wildlife management, including wildlife pest problems. Improvement of these or similar models could answer questions such as population effects from a control program, proper timing of control, and the impact of control on non-target species. Vertebrate pest control information can also be stored, retrieved and disseminated via the computer. The …

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Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, Robert M. Timm, Ron J. Johnson Oct 1981

Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop, Robert M. Timm, Ron J. Johnson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Proceedings
Fifth Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop
Contents

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Public Relations And Successful Blackbird Roost Management, Sally S. Erdman Oct 1981

Public Relations And Successful Blackbird Roost Management, Sally S. Erdman

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The public relations aspects of a successful blackbird roost management program for an urban area are described. Appendices include sample field note format, selected bird control references, a method for preserving birds, bird control materials, and a sample citation form.

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A Review Of Prairie Dog Diet And Its Variability Among Animals And Colonies, Kathleen A. Fagerstone Oct 1981

A Review Of Prairie Dog Diet And Its Variability Among Animals And Colonies, Kathleen A. Fagerstone

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

After almost 70 years of decline, prairie dog numbers are increasing in many western states. As populations expand, it becomes increasingly important to clarify the degree of competition between prairie dogs and livestock. A review of studies on prairie dog food habits shows variable results. Prairie dogs frequently eat the same plant species as cattle and their activities may cause a decrease in grasses normally considered good livestock forage and an increase in forb cover. However, in some instances, prairie dogs may be beneficial to rangeland; plant species diversity and protein content of forage are often greater on prairie dog …

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Outwitting The House Sparrow [Passer Domesticus (Linnaeus)], William D. Fitzwater Oct 1981

Outwitting The House Sparrow [Passer Domesticus (Linnaeus)], William D. Fitzwater

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

With the decline of house sparrow populations during the first quarter of this century, control research attention shifted to other avian species so little new is available on either life history studies or management. Solutions to animal damage control problems are generally through (1) environmental controls, (2) protection of crops and/or sites, and (3) population reduction. In the case of sparrow problems, environmental controls are of limited application as the birds prefer the habitat modifications made by man. Protection of crops or sites relies on repellents which are generally ineffective against this particular species. The only viable population level controls …

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Poster Session Abstracts Oct 1981

Poster Session Abstracts

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Poster Abstracts include:

● FURBEARER TRAPPER-HUNTER EDUCATION IN KANSAS
EDWARD K. BOGGESS and F. ROBERT HENDERSON, Cooperative Extension Service, Kansas State University

● A FLOW CHART FOR HOUSE MOUSE CONTROL
DARYL D. FISHER and ROBERT M. Timm, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

● BIRD DRAMAGE CONTROL AND DISPERSAL RECORDINGS
RON J. JOHNSON and ROBERT H. SCHMIDT, Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

● GROUND SQUIRREL CONTROL IN NEWLY PLANTED GRAlN FIELDS
ANN E. KOLHLER and RON J. JOHNSON, Department of Forestry. Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Nebraska–Lincoln

● WOODPECKER DAMAGE TO HOUSES AND …

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Formula To Build A Better "Rat Trap" Rodenticide, George W.J. Laidlaw Oct 1981

Formula To Build A Better "Rat Trap" Rodenticide, George W.J. Laidlaw

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In the time that the Pesticides Division of Agriculture Canada has been evaluating rodenticides, it has become apparent that the formulated product's efficacy is dependent on the character of the inert ingredients as well as on the actual active toxicant. The type of food, its level of manufacture, the adhesive-binder, the attractants and preservatives can each affect the efficiency of the active ingredient. Currently, very serious problems have arisen because of the anticoagulant resistance and bait shyness that rodents have developed towards existing products.

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Management Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs On The National Grasslands, Greg L. Schenbeck Oct 1981

Management Of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs On The National Grasslands, Greg L. Schenbeck

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) occupy approximately 22,800 ha on 11 National Grasslands in the West. Prairie dog control has been implemented on 5 National Grasslands and is planned for 1 additional National Grassland. A unique prairie dog management program in the Conata Basin area of the Buffalo Gap National Grassland is highlighted in this report. Conata Basin is a major prairie dog area and attempts are being made to control prairie dogs while trying to maintain habitat for the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes). Repopulation of treated colonies has been a major and costly problem in Conata Basin, and it …

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A Vertebrate Ipm Project In Nebraska, Robert M. Timm Oct 1981

A Vertebrate Ipm Project In Nebraska, Robert M. Timm

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

An Integrated Pest Management project in Nebraska is assisting farmers, particularly pork producers, in controlling damage caused by Norway rats, house mice, house sparrows, and starlings. This extension program also provides information on control of pocket gophers in alfalfa and on rangelands. Integrated control recommendations include rodent- and bird-proof construction, limitation of food and shelter, traps, and toxicants (rodenticides and avicides). The project is attempting to gather data on economic damage, including structural damage to confinement buildings, caused by these pests. This information will be used to assist producers in deciding when to initiate control.

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Prairie Dog Density And Cattle Grazing Relationships, Daniel W. Uresk, James G. Maccracken, Ardell J. Bjugstad Oct 1981

Prairie Dog Density And Cattle Grazing Relationships, Daniel W. Uresk, James G. Maccracken, Ardell J. Bjugstad

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Blacktail prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) were more abundant (P < 0.01) in areas of southwestern South Dakota heavily grazed by cattle than in areas where cattle were excluded. Results suggest that periodic exclusions or reduced cattle stocking rates, in combination with control programs, help regulate prairie dog population increase and expansion as indexed by burrow counts.

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Research Needs Oct 1981

Research Needs

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The following research needs in wildlife damage control were suggested by workshop participants during the October 14 afternoon session.
Damage assessment/distribution and magnitude of damage, and assessment techniques
Urban problems
Crop cultural practices
Blackbirds in urban areas and grain crops
Deer in crops
Woodpecker repellents
Bat toxicants
Prairie dogs/single-dose toxicants
Diseases
Bait formulations, especially for pocket gophers
Humane techniques
Predacides, including the M-44
Training of students and professionals
Attitudes of the public
Gas cartridges
Pigeon toxicants
Predator and game management
Predator and range management
Antelope in relation to weed dispersal and to fences
Relocation effects on populations
Economics; cost-benefit
Bird …

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Panel Discussion: Integrated Pest Management—A Viable Approach To Wildlife Damage Control?, Roger E. Gold Moderator Oct 1981

Panel Discussion: Integrated Pest Management—A Viable Approach To Wildlife Damage Control?, Roger E. Gold Moderator

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Questions & answers. Questioners and respondents include:
Roger E. Gold, Moderator
Robert M. Timm
Bill Ahlschwede
Rex E. Marsh
George Laidlaw
James Miller
Terry Salmon

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The Status Of Endrin - 1981, Harvey S. Gold Mar 1981

The Status Of Endrin - 1981, Harvey S. Gold

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

As reported in 1980, at the Fourth Annual Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium, the use of endrin would be subject to the EPA Administrator's decision as delineated in the EPA Position Document 4. The details of his decision and the resulting prohibitions and restrictions were given at last year's Symposium and are contained in the official publication of the 1980 Symposium in the article by Lawrence S. Ebner and Harvey S. Gold.

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Non-Target Species Hazard Or Brodifacoum Use In Orchards For Meadow Vole Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers Mar 1981

Non-Target Species Hazard Or Brodifacoum Use In Orchards For Meadow Vole Control, Mark H. Merson, Ross E. Byers

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

This year we entered into our second year of non-target species hazard assessment of Brodifacoum used (BFC; ICI Americas, Inc.) as an orchard rodenticide. The primary emphasis of this work has been to in¬vestigate the effects of BFC on birds of prey through secondary poisoning. The hazard level of BFC to raptors should be dependent on the levels found in post-treatment collections of meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus). Post-treatment collections of meadow voles were made during both the 1979 and 1980 field trials. The residue analysis from the 1979 collections are now available (through the courtesy of ICI Americas, …

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Pine Vole Activity Results For 1979-1980 Toxicant Applications, Roger S. Young Mar 1981

Pine Vole Activity Results For 1979-1980 Toxicant Applications, Roger S. Young

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The toxicants were placed in an apple orchard consisting of 'Rome' and 'Golden Delicious' trees planted in 1954 at a distance of 20 by 20 feet and thinned to 20 by 40 feet in 1972. Pine voles have been for several years the dominant vole infesting the orchard and have caused an 8% tree loss. Vole activity sites were selected at 30 trees per treatment. Bait applications of brodifacoum (Volak) and chlorophacinone (Rozol) were made by hand placement under roofing pads at one activity site per tree. A treatment was included using the "Mouse-ateria", as the bait station for comparison …

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Seasonal Variations In Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison Mar 1981

Seasonal Variations In Movements And Habitat Use By Pine And Meadow Voles, Ralph E. Pagano, Dale M. Madison

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Free-ranging pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) and meadow voles (M. pennsylvanicus) were radio-tracked in a maintained apple orchard environment in August and December 1980. Meadow voles maintained larger home ranges than pine voles in the summer, but had similar-sized ranges in December. The home ranges for both species decreased with the onset of winter. Pine and meadow voles showed a strong tendency to remain within rows and to restrict most of their movement to areas beneath the canopy. Despite some overlap in space use between the species, the movements of both vole species suggested mutual avoidance. Differences …

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Influence Of Apples On Population Density, Body Weights, And Reproductive Organ Weights In Pine Voles, J. J. Hasbrouck, F. A. Servello, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick Mar 1981

Influence Of Apples On Population Density, Body Weights, And Reproductive Organ Weights In Pine Voles, J. J. Hasbrouck, F. A. Servello, A. R. Tipton, R. L. Kirkpatrick

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Previous field studies at Virginia Tech have found differences in reproductive output of pine voles in abandoned and maintained orchards. Cengel et a1. (1978), trapping in northern Virginia, found higher levels of reproduction in a maintained orchard than in an abandoned orchard. The breeding season of voles extended into winter in the maintained orchard but ceased in late fall and winter in the abandoned orchard. Noffsinger (1976), working in orchards near Roanoke, Virginia, found a higher fatality rate in the maintained orchard and a year-round breeding season; however, the percentage of pregnant females declined in winter. Reproduction was lower in …

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Spacing, Movements, And Social Organization Of A Free-Ranging Population Of Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum, Randall W. Fitzgerald, Dale M. Madison Mar 1981

Spacing, Movements, And Social Organization Of A Free-Ranging Population Of Pine Voles Microtus Pinetorum, Randall W. Fitzgerald, Dale M. Madison

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Free-ranging pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) were radio-tracked in a maintained orchard environment from August to November 1980. Pine voles existed in discrete non-overlapping family units with an average of 6.5 individuals per family unit. Home ranges of family members overlapped extensively, and all the members of a single family unit utilized one or two communal nest sites within the family's territory. Males ranged slightly farther than females, and females spent more time in the nest than did males. The mating system appeared to be promiscuous with a high degree of social tolerance among pregnant and lactating females and …

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Digestibility And Nutritional Quality Of Apple Tree Roots And Other Orchard Forages Of The Pine Vole, F. A. Servello, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Jr. Mar 1981

Digestibility And Nutritional Quality Of Apple Tree Roots And Other Orchard Forages Of The Pine Vole, F. A. Servello, R. L. Kirkpatrick, K. E. Webb Jr.

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Analysis of the seasonal food habits of pine voles (Microtus pinetorum) by Cengel et a1. (1978) revealed that apple tree root consumption occurs only during winter months. Increased root consumption in the winter has been postulated to be due to a decrease in the quantity and quality of other foods in orchards. However, the normal translocation of carbohydrates into the root systems of trees during the dormant season may improve the quality of apple tree roots as a food source for voles. One objective of the pine vole nutrition studies at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University is …

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Social Behavior Of The Pine Vole (Pitymys Pinetorum): I. Activity Patterns Of Mated Pine Voles In Semi-Natural Environments, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond Mar 1981

Social Behavior Of The Pine Vole (Pitymys Pinetorum): I. Activity Patterns Of Mated Pine Voles In Semi-Natural Environments, Philip O. Renzullo, Milo E. Richmond

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

The root damage resulting from pine vole (Pitymys pinetorum) infestation of apple orchards remains a major vertebrate pest problem. Currently, research effort is being directed at habitat management and at toxic bait development and application as two potentially cost-effective methods for control of these rodents. Recently, investigations have begun into the detailed relationships between the pine vole's physiology and it's habitat in an effort to understand and perhaps disrupt the seemingly ideal balance achieved by the animal in apple orchard situations. In addition to these approaches, which have possible immediate application, one area of pine vole biology that …

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Analysis Of Seasonal Dynamics Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Virginia Orchards, S. B. Lindquist, A. R. Tipton, G. K. Yarrow, J. J. Hasbrouck Mar 1981

Analysis Of Seasonal Dynamics Of Pine Vole Populations In Two Virginia Orchards, S. B. Lindquist, A. R. Tipton, G. K. Yarrow, J. J. Hasbrouck

Eastern Pine and Meadow Vole Symposia

Presently, V. P. I. and S.U. is involved in a three year multi-disciplinary project to study pine and meadow vole ecology, behavior, and control (see additional V.P.I, and S. U. papers in Proc. Fifth East. Pine and Meadow Vole Symposium). In conjunction with this research, a long-term field study has been initiated to collect seasonal data on vole densities, survivorship, and reproduction in two Virginia apple orchards. The use of these data will be fourfold: (1) to gain insight into the dynamics of Virginia vole populations; (2) to act as a reference (or control) for future field experiments involving manipulation …

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