Environmental Health and Protection Commons^™

The Use Of Dma To Reduce Robin Depredation On Cherries, Leonard R. Askham, John K. Fellman

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The use of a biorational pesticide, Dimethyl Anthrantlate (DMA), was investigated for possible use as a robin repellant in an Eastern Washington Research orchard. Applied in low concentrations (2, 4, and 8% with surfactant), robin depredation was reduced an average of 75%. A double-blind taste test showed no consumer aversion for fresh fruit sprayed with DMA two weeks before harvest.

Kansas Attitudes On Prairie Dog Control, Charles D. Lees, F. Robert Henderson

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

In Kansas prairie dog management is primarily determined by private individuals and local government agencies. We conducted a mail survey of 350 affected landowners as a means to evaluate the effectiveness of current prairie dog control. The same survey was also sent to 350 randomly selected state residents within the general prairie dog range. We evaluated people's perceptions of prairie dogs, the effectiveness of control methods, costs of control, and reasons for poor response to control techniques. Results indicate people that have previously been involved in prairie dog control on lands they manage have different opinions about prairie dogs than …

Black-Footed Ferret Recovery, Dean E. Biggins, Ronald A. Crew

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The captive population of black-footed ferrets increased from 24 to 58 animals in 1988, and was split to provide the species added protection against extinction. Experimental reintroductions may begin in 1991. In some areas, "experimental population" designations as authorized under Section 10 (j) of the Endangered Species Act may be used to provide wider management latitude. The Black-footed Ferret Interstate Coordinating Committee oversees much of the work related to reintroduction. Expanded effort to locate wild ferrets now includes a $10,000 reward offer. Research focuses on captive breeding, reintroduction techniques, disease, and habitat. A new Recovery Plan was approved in 1988.

Experimental Applications Of High-Tensile Wire And Other Fencing To Control Big Game Damage In Northwest Colorado, A. Eugene Byrne

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Conventional fencing methods V-mesh wire, square mesh wire and wood panels are compared to experimental methods - 15 wire hightensile wire fences; electric high-tensile wire fences of three designs; baited electric fences; hog panel fences; plastic mesh fences and visqueen wrapped haystacks. Total cost of materials, cost per ft./yr. and comments concerning estimates of efficacy are discussed. The V-mesh wire, hog panel and plastic mesh fences all have a very high cost per ft. and cost per ft./yr. rating and should probably not be used. High-tensile and square mesh wire fences are effective and cheaper alternatives. Modern high-tensile wire electric …

Trophy Game Animal Damage In Wyoming, Ron Iversons

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Wyoming is perhaps one of the most liberal and unique states of the fifty states on compensation for game and trophy game animal damage. Trophy game animals as defined by statute in Wyoming includes the Cougar (Mt. Lion), Black Bear, and the Grizzly Bear. According to statute Wyoming is responsible for damages incurred by these species to livestock, land, crops, improvements, and extraordinary grasses. Since the statutes were enacted Wyoming has been faced with a variety of complaints and damage claims caused by these species. Damage complaints received by the Department have covered a broad spectrum, ranging from the stockman …

The Landowner's View And Recommendations On Wildlife Damage, Michael G. Leroux

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Conflict between landowners and state and federal agencies is prevalent in today's society. This report attempts to provide understanding of the landowners views on wildlife damage and offer some solutions to be considered.

Estimating Domestic Sheep Losses To Mountain Lions, Frederick G. Lindzey, Connie Wilbur

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Large, native-range pastures were searched for dead domestic sheep in the Southern Bighorn Mountains of Wyoming. The proportion of dead sheep that had been killed by mountain lions was 23%. Search methods, however, resulted in unequal probabilities of finding sheep that were killed by mountain lions and sheep that died of other causes.

Status Of Strychnine, Compound 1080, And Registered Alternatives, Steve D. Palmateer

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

This paper reveals the current regulatory status of 1080 and strychnine relevant to data call-in actions, administrative hearings, and litigation outside of FIFRA. All strychnine prairie dog claims are cancelled as well as all label claims requiring a tolerance. The 1080 technical is cancelled and all rodenticide uses have been issued a notice of intent to deny.

Effects Of Grackle Damage Control Techniques In Citrus On Nesting Success Of Non-Target Species, John H. Rappole, Wan R. Tipton, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Several techniques were tested to reduce the damage caused by great-tailed grackles to citrus in the lower Rio Grande Valley of southern Texas: monofilament line, eyespot balloons, pyrotechnics, and grackle nest removal. Ten species were found nesting in the treated groves, but only the mourning dove, white-winged dove, and great-tailed grackle in significant numbers. Nesting success was not reduced significantly by any treatment but observations indicate that cannon treatments are likely to have a negative impact on overall nesting success for several species.

Controlling Raccoon Damage In Urban Areas, David G. Riley

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Raccoons have become a serious problem in many urban and suburban areas. Damage to homes and buildings as well as the spread of diseases to pets are constant problems when high raccoon populations occur. Various control methods can be implemented with positive results.

Planning For Animal Damage Control Programs Within The Animal And Plant Health Inspection Service, Philip S. Gipson, Gary P. Combs

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

The Animal Damage Control Unit (ADC) and the 10 other units of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) have undergone major reorganization. Emphasis is placed on planning and risk analysis. Four levels of planning have been identified: (1) strategic planning for the Agency, (2) strategic planning for each of the 11 units, (3) program design and risk analysis, and (4) operational planning.

Seasonal Effects On Control Methods For The Great-Tailed Grackle, John H. Rappole, Wan R. Tipton, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores, John Hobbs, Joe Palacios

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Efficiency of methods used to control damage to citrus fruit by great-tailed grackles was found to vary considerably from season to season. From April - July, the birds congregated in small breeding colonies where they were susceptible to baiting and poisoning. From August - October, the birds could be baited in to and poisoned at watering sites. Intensive shooting and use of pyrotechnics were also used successfully at this time of year to control damage at groves with high grackle concentrations. From late October - March, birds moved over wide areas each day, and were easily frightened from groves by …

An Assessment Of The Urban Wildlife Problem, William D. Fitzwater

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Basic urban wildlife problems include: proper identification of species, shift from agrarian to urban society, different interpretations of humaneness, compassion for individual rather than a population as a whole, and public ignorance of urban pest management. Positive values are esthetics and environmental education opportunities. Negative values are disease transmission, life/injury-threatening situations, damage to buildings/other property, water structures/quality, petty annoyances, and indirect economics.

Urban Nuisance Wildlife Problems In Arizona, Rebecca L. Wright, Leonard L. Ordway

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Arizona has experienced an increase in urbanization of wildlife habitat, which has led to an urban nuisance wildlife problem. The Arizona Game and Fish Department is working to lessen the problem through public education, information packets and use of private pest control companies to remove wildlife for a fee.

Management Problems Encountered With Livestock Guarding Dogs On The University Of California, Hopland Field Station, Robert M. Timm, Robert H. Schmidtz

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Guard dogs are being promoted and utilized as effective predator damage control tools under a variety of livestock management conditions. We report our experience over 1 1/2 years with 5 dogs, primarily Anatolian shepherd and Akbash dog breeds. We discuss a number of behavioral and management problems we have encountered, some of which have not previously been reported in the literature. These include chasing vehicles and wildlife, predation on deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus), and incompatibility of dogs with other predator damage control methods.

Seasonal Variation In Habitat Use By Great-Tailed Grackles In The Lower Rio Grande Valley, John H. Rappole, Arlo H. Kane, Rafael H. Flores, Alan R. Tipton, Nancy Koerth

Great Plains Wildlife Damage Control Workshop Proceedings

Habitat use by great-tailed grackles was measured by performing weekly censuses of birds in 6 different habitat types: chaparral, citrus groves, feed lots, pastures, residential areas, and agricultural fields. We found that use of chaparral, citrus, and residential sites was low during the winter months, increased sharply with commencement of the nesting season in April, and declined again by October. Use of agricultural fields and pasture was irregular. Feed lot use was low during the summer, but high from October - April with October and March migration peaks. An overall sex ratio of 1.3 females/male was observed with skews from …

Loss Of Biological Diversity: A Global Crisis Requiring International Solutions: A Report To The National Science Board, Craig Call Black, Perry L. Adkisson, Gardner Mallard Brown, Rita Rossi Colwell, Charles E. Hess, James B. Holderman, K. June Lindstedt-Siva, William A. Nierenberg, Peter Hamilton Raven, Theodore M. Smith, Edward O. Wilson, W. Franklin Harris

Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology: Library Materials

Executive Summary

Biological diversity refers to the variety and variability among living organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur. Diversity can be defined as the number of different items and their relative frequency. For biological diversity, these items are organized at many levels, ranging from complete ecosystems to the chemical structures that are the molecular basis of heredity. Thus, the term encompasses different ecosystems, species, genes, and their relative abundance (OTA, 1987).

There is an ongoing, unprecedented loss of the variety as well as absolute numbers of organisms-from the smallest microorganism to the largest and most spectacular of …

State Water Quality Standards Summary: Nebraska, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

This publication was prepared by Battelle under contract to the U,S. Environmental Protection Agency (Contract 68-03-3534). Secondary information sources were used to compile data presented in this document. Each State was given an opportunity to review and provide comments on a draft of this information document. In no event shall either the United States or Battelle have any responsibility or liability for any use, misuse, or reliance upon the information contained herein, nor does either warrant or otherwise represent in any way .the accuracy, adequacy, efficacy, or applicability of the contents hereof.

The reader should consult the water quality standards …

Closing Remarks For The Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, Lewis R. Davis

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

This brings to an end the Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference. Without the speakers and the session chairs, there would not have been a conference. Let us acknowl¬edge them for the excellent job done.

Conference Participants: Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference,

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The Conference totalled 401 registered attendees. The wide representation from the United States and from 14 countries throughout the world contributed to the success of the Conference by providing a highly diversified group for the exchange of ideas and information.

Frontmatter For Volume Of Proceedings Of The Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1988,

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

Frontmatter and Contents for the Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference held at MONTEREY SHERATON HOTEL, Monterey, California, March 1,2 & 3, 1988.

Opening Remarks -- Thirteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference, A. Charles Crabb

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

As the chair of this year's conference, it is a great honor to be able to represent the 23 hard working members of the Vertebrate Pest Council. On behalf of the Vertebrate Pest Council I would like to welcome all of you to the 13th Vertebrate Pest Conference. The exchange of information and the establishment of professional relationships between people interested in vertebrate pest management certainly makes the efforts necessary to put on this conference a worthy endeavor.

The Pest Control Industry And The Challenges Ahead , Lee C. Truman

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

The pest control industry, whether it be governmental, urban, aerial, lawn and turf, trees, or whatever, has many of the same problems. Controllers of vertebrate or invertebrate pests, or plant pests, have much in common. Environmental¬ists talk of the "balance of nature," usually overlooking the fact that nature is more often out of balance than in balance. Nature is cruel in its control of plant and animal species whenever there is not enough food to go around or enough of a suitable habitat in which to live. Nature does not conserve things as they are but, rather, changes them and …

Pesticides, Scientists, Farmers, And The Public: No "White Knight" Rescue In Sight, Pamela Jones

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: The pesticide controversy is much more complicated than simply a disagreement over facts and risk estimates between the "experts" and the "fearful." It is a battle over ideology as much as one over information. This paper discusses the notion of "educating the public" about pesticides, establishing realistic expectations of efforts by industry and academia, and notes some of the limitations, and potential involvement, of scientists as "translators" in dealing with this controversy.

Animal Rights And Vertebrate Pest Control, Dale L. Brooks

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Many animal rights activists are very vocal in their belief that animals are more valuable or at least equally important to humans. There is little to no compromise in their overall view that the use of animals for food, fiber, teaching, research and testing does not result in improvements for other animals or societal needs. Today's activists are well prepared and very articulate in getting their views across to the public through the press and television media. An increasing number of the public is beginning to believe the activist allegations of inhumane animal practices. The biologist can no longer …

Attitude Change Toward Vertebrate Pest Control, Robert M. Timm, Sanford D. Schemnitz

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Attitudes of students enrolled in courses on wildlife damage control at two universities were surveyed at the beginning and end of the semester. Attitudes toward wildlife and acceptance of various damage control methods were quantified and compared to responses obtained from the general public in previous surveys. As a result of the class, both groups of students generally became more accepting of current vertebrate control practices, including toxicant use. Student attitudes, as a result of knowledge gained, came to be more realistic and practical. We believe that persons, when presented factual information about wildlife damage and its control, will …

Urban Wildlife: Can We Live With Them?, Wayne R. Marion

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: A survey of Extension Wildlife Specialists in the U.S. provided a basis for estimating the magnitude of urban wildlife damage and control in this country. Response to the 9-question mail questionnaire was good (76 percent) following the single mailing to all Extension Wildlife Specialists or people in similar positions listed in the national directory. The majority of questions were answered based upon the experiences and best estimates of these specialists for the interval October 1986-September 1987. Specialists had difficulty providing estimates of damage and costs of prevention and control; 57 percent were not able to provide any data on …

Vertebrate Pesticides And Nontarget Wildlife Losses In Proper Perspective, James E. Miller

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: The use of pesticides as one of the management tools to assist in the prevention and control of damage caused by vertebrate wildlife is certainly not new, nor has it become any less controversial in recent years. In fact, throughout the recent history of pesticide uses for control of vertebrate damage to the production of food and fiber, the prevention of potential epizootic diseases, and other potential threats to man's well-being and to the habitats and management of other wildlife resources, the use of pesticides as well as other management tools have generally been reviewed and monitored by professionals. …

Photonovels Produced By Client/Professional Partnerships: An Educational Approach To Commensal Vertebrate Ipm, Stephen C. Frantz, John P. Comings, Debra L. Roter

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Since commensal vertebrate pest problems are largely "people problems," a well-planned and executed educational intervention could be the single most important component in an integrated pest management (IPM) program. The basic purpose of educational interventions is to bring sufficient information and understanding to affected clients so that they can and will intercept and control pests in the infested habitat. The encouragement of client participation in producing educational materials is consistent with learning theory and pest management principles. Such production methods allow materials to be closely aligned with client concerns and establish a climate for mutual exchange of ideas between …

Activity Of Lm 2219 (Difethialone), A New Anticoagulant Rodenticide, In Commensal Rodents, J. C. Lechevin, Richard M. Poche

Vertebrate Pest Conference Proceedings: 13th (1988)

ABSTRACT: Preliminary studies completed on commensal rodents with the new anticoagulant rodenticide difethialone showed very good efficacy, such that 25 ppm baits could be used effectively. New test results presented in this publication confirm the activity as shown under laboratory conditions in choice tests, which represent more severe conditions, as well as its effectiveness against rodents that are resistant and non-resistant to warfarin. In tests where the palatability was only fair the chemical activity resulted in excellent mortality. In a field test against a large population of Mus musculus the results proved very satisfactory. Difethialone is toxic to birds and …