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Full-Text Articles in Other Earth Sciences
Finding The Appropriate Forage Value For Analyzing The Feasibility Of Public Range Improvements, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Finding The Appropriate Forage Value For Analyzing The Feasibility Of Public Range Improvements, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
To complete economic analysis of range improvements completed on the Oak Creek Management area of central Utah, we needed an estimate of the value of forage. A review of the literature revealed several methods of estimating forage values. These methods yielded eight estimates of public rangeland forage ranging from $1.23 to $30 per animal unit month (AUM). Six of the estimates were based on actual market transactions or current administered prices and were the most reflective of actual economic processes. The best estimates of value were those for leasing similar rangeland in the immediate area.
Soluble Sugar Concentrations In Needles And Bark Of Western White Pine In Response To Season And Blister Rust, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Soluble Sugar Concentrations In Needles And Bark Of Western White Pine In Response To Season And Blister Rust, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Amounts of soluble sugars in certain tissues of 12- to 16-year-old western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) trees, each with a blister rust canker girdling about 50 percent of the bole circumference, were compared with rust-free trees. Fructose, glucose, sucrose, raffinose, and stachyose extracted from needles and healthy and diseased bark were identified with thin-layer chromatography and quantified with a densitometer. The host's seasonal growth cycle induced changes in sugar concentrations in current, 1- and 2-year needles, but the bole cankers did not. Amounts of bark sugars characterized the activities of the rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) as well …
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Manti, Utah, Sanpete County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Manti, Utah, Sanpete County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)
This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Manti, Sanpete County, Utah and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study has developed flood risk data for various areas of the community that will be used to establish actuarial flood insurance rates and assist the community in its efforts to promote sound floodplain management. Minimum floodplain management requirements for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) are set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations at 44 …
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Park City, Utah, Summit County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Park City, Utah, Summit County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)
This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Park City, Summit County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study has developed flood risk data for various areas of the community that will be used to establish actuarial flood insurance rates and assist the community in its efforts to promote sound flood plain management. Minimum flood plain management requirements for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) are set forth in the Code of Federal …
Container-Grown Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Outperform Bareroot Seedlings On Harsh Sites In Southern Utah, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Container-Grown Ponderosa Pine Seedlings Outperform Bareroot Seedlings On Harsh Sites In Southern Utah, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Reforestation of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) on the lower elevations of the Dixie National Forest in southern Utah has traditionally been challenging. Replanting has often been necessary, costly, and not always successful. Although this problem is not unique, the low levels of available soil moisture during the spring planting season are probably as critical in the Dixie as anywhere in the Intermountain Region. Until this study was initiated, only bareroot seedlings had been planted.
Overstory Removal And Residue Treatments Affect Soil Surface, Air, And Soil Temperature: Implications For Seedling Survival, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Overstory Removal And Residue Treatments Affect Soil Surface, Air, And Soil Temperature: Implications For Seedling Survival, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Timber harvesting and residue reduction practices that alter shade, surface thermal properties, and moisture influence energy balance and heat transfer on the site, significantly influencing temperatures. Because the problems of mortality to seedlings due to high temperature and insufficient moisture are potentially widespread and expensive, it is crucial to be able to identify problem sites during the planning process.
Ranking Thinning Potential Of Lodgepole Pine Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Ranking Thinning Potential Of Lodgepole Pine Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
This paper presents models for predicting edge-response of dominant and codominant trees to clearing. Procedures are given for converting predictions to a thinning response index, for ranking stands for thinning priority. Data requirements, sampling suggestions, examples of application, and suggestions for management use are included to facilitate use as a field guide.
Proceedings -- National Wilderness Research Conference: Issues, State-Of-Knowledge, Future Directions, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Proceedings -- National Wilderness Research Conference: Issues, State-Of-Knowledge, Future Directions, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Includes 35 reports giving perspectives on wilderness values, management, and research; states-of-knowledge for wilderness resource research; states-of-knowledge for wilderness user research; and future directions for wilderness research.
Finding The Appropriate Forage Value For Analyzing The Feasibility Of Public Range Improvements, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Finding The Appropriate Forage Value For Analyzing The Feasibility Of Public Range Improvements, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Range Management Plans (UT)
To complete economic analysis of range improvements completed on the Oak Creek Management area of central Utah, we needed an estimate of the value of forage. A review of the literature revealed several methods of estimating forage values. These methods yielded eight estimates of public rangeland forage ranging from $1.23 to $30 per animal unit month (AUM). Six of the estimates were based on actual market transactions or current administered prices and were the most reflective of actual economic processes. The best estimates of value were those for leasing similar rangeland in the immediate area.
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Richfield, Utah, Sevier County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Richfield, Utah, Sevier County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)
This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Richfield, Sevier County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study has developed flood risk data for various areas of the community that will be used to establish actuarial flood insurance rates and assist the community in its efforts to promote sound flood plain management. Minimum flood plain management requirements for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) are set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations …
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Salina, Utah, Sevier County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Salina, Utah, Sevier County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)
This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Salina, Sevier County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study has developed flood risk data for various areas of the community that will be used to establish actuarial flood insurance rates and assist the community in its efforts to promote sound flood plain management. Minimum flood plain management requirements for participation in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) are set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations …
The Influence Of Viewing Angle On Elk Hiding Cover In Young Timber Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
The Influence Of Viewing Angle On Elk Hiding Cover In Young Timber Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Young timber stands, even when providing 100 percent visual concealment for elk when viewed on a horizontal plane, may provide 50 percent or less cover when viewed from an opposing slope at an elevated viewing angle. The higher the viewing angle, the greater the relative cover loss. In a simple linear model, viewing angle explained 52 percent of the variation in hiding cover values. Slightly more variation was accounted for when the data were stratified by tree height. On the average, for a 10-degree elevation in viewing angle, hiding cover decreased by 10 percent. The cover loss relationship was most …
'Hobble Creek' - A Superior Selection Of Low-Elevation Mountain Big Sagebrush, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
'Hobble Creek' - A Superior Selection Of Low-Elevation Mountain Big Sagebrush, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
This is the foundation document for the release of the 'Hobble Creek' selection of big sagebrush. It is a low-elevation mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata ssp. vaseyana). 'Hobble Creek' is needed to increase the nutrient content of winter diets of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries). This sagebrush exceeds the typical winter forage values in amount of energy-producing compounds, crude protein, phosphorus, and carotene. Of the 186 big sagebrush selections tested. 'Hobble Creek' is the most preferred by wintering mule deer and ranks high in preference by wintering domestic sheep. 'Hobble Creek' does not contain substances …
Visitor Attitudes Toward Wilderness Fire Management Policy -- 1971-84, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Visitor Attitudes Toward Wilderness Fire Management Policy -- 1971-84, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Wildfires
The historical role of naturally occurring fire in shaping the character of many American landscapes has become an accepted ecological principle. Prior to the coming of the Europeans, natural fires had a major influence in producing a variety of vegetational mosaics. Fire suppression policies of the 20th century, however, significantly changed the evolution of many landscapes compared to what would have occurred had natural fires been allowed to continue. Although natural fires can no longer be allowed to burn in many places because of resource values or danger to the public, such fires may be permitted in many wildernesses and …
Modeling Moisture Content Of Fine Dead Wildland Fuels: Input To The Behave Fire Prediction System, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Modeling Moisture Content Of Fine Dead Wildland Fuels: Input To The Behave Fire Prediction System, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Wildfires
A method for predicting the time-dependent nature of fine fuel moisture is badly needed to support fire behavior prediction systems used in fire management. Of the models available, none met all the requirements of the BEHAVE fire behavior prediction system. The Canadian Fire Fuel Moisture Code (FFMC) came closest to meeting our needs and was selected as a base model. Improvements to the FFMC were concentrated on providing a means of accounting for annual and diurnal variation due to solar heating of woody fuels. This was necessary because the FFMC was developed for fuels located within forest stands, a generally …
Soil Water And Temperature In Harvested And Nonharvested Pinyon-Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Soil Water And Temperature In Harvested And Nonharvested Pinyon-Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Tree harvesting increased soil water content, but the effect diminished over 4 years. The mean increase in soil water content was 2 to 4 percent the first year following harvest and 0 to 3 percent after 4 years. Although tree harvesting released soil water previously used by tree species, other biotic and abiotic demands increased. We speculate postharvest increases in wind and solar energy at the ground surface and increased understory transpiration in part explain the decline in soil water content differences between harvested and nonharvested plots over time.
An Application Of Discrete Optimization For Developing Economically Efficient Multiple-Use Projects, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
An Application Of Discrete Optimization For Developing Economically Efficient Multiple-Use Projects, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
A discrete version of the continuous joint production model in economic theory is presented for use in designing multiple-use projects and identifying efficient management prescriptions for forest planning. Data requirements are less demanding than the continuous theoretical model, yet some of the more important features are maintained. Models can be formulated graphically or as mixed-integer programming problems that are easily solved via computerized routines.
Attaining Visual Quality Objectives In Timber Harvest Areas - Landscape Architects' Evaluation, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Attaining Visual Quality Objectives In Timber Harvest Areas - Landscape Architects' Evaluation, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
When management activities such as timber harvest are undertaken on National Forest lands, landscape architects establish plans and guidelines so the project will meet a desired level of visual quality. This visual quality objective (VQO) for a given project is based on forest conditions, topography, and the type of viewing that is anticipated (viewing distance, number and type of visitors, etc.). Although landscape architects provide criteria and guidelines to achieve these visual objectives, there is no direct feedback mechanism with which to monitor the public's reaction or ascertain the extent to which visual objectives are met.
Response Of Grass Species To Tree Harvesting In Singleleaf Pinyon-Utah Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Response Of Grass Species To Tree Harvesting In Singleleaf Pinyon-Utah Juniper Stands, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Cover, yield, and nutrient concentrations of grasses were sampled on tree-harvested and nonharvested plots on north, west, and south aspects of a singleleaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla)-Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) stand. Grass cover increased rapidly the first 2 years following tree harvest, but the rate of increase declined over the next 2 years. Grass yield varied among aspects and soil microsites on tree-harvested plots but not on the nonharvested plots where tree competition masked aspect and microsite effects. All grass species had greater yield and greater percentage nitrogen and phosphorus on harvested than on nonharvested plots. Low digestibility of some species …
Predicting Duff And Woody Fuel Consumed By Prescribed Fire In The Northern Rocky Mountains, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Predicting Duff And Woody Fuel Consumed By Prescribed Fire In The Northern Rocky Mountains, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
This paper presents numerical relationships of known precision for predicting duff consumption. They were established by assembling and analyzing data from three previous prescribed fire investigations and then testing them against other published data. Fuel loadings by diameter classes that differed among the studies were converted to a common set of diameter classes. The purpose of assimilating data from several studies was to develop predictive models that could be easily used by practitioners and that would apply over a wide range of conditions.
Woodland Tree Volume Estimation: A Visual Segmentation Technique, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Woodland Tree Volume Estimation: A Visual Segmentation Technique, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Visual segmentation, a technique for estimating cubic foot volume of woodland tree species, was compared with actual volume measurement. Comparison was made during a forest inventory of pinyon-juniper woodlands in Nevada and Utah. The visual technique's accuracy, its usefulness in developing volume equations, and applicability to volume inventory were studied. This study indicated visual segmentation is not reliable for estimating volume for a single tree. However, a sample of visually estimated volumes proved adequate for developing volume equations. In an application, a bias of 0 to -9 percent of the mean cubic foot volume per acre resulted from summary of …
Measurement Of Field Resistance, Rust Hazard, And Deployment Of Blister Rust-Resistant Western White Pine, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Measurement Of Field Resistance, Rust Hazard, And Deployment Of Blister Rust-Resistant Western White Pine, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Three white pine plantations, composed of materials of several levels of resistance from early generations of the blister rust resistance breeding program, were compared on the basis of annual infection and mortality rates. The sites varied in blister rust hazard; resistant materials were consistent in their performance, and the infection data behaved as one would expect if the genetic and environmental assumptions of the simple interest disease progress model were violated. Presumably, the resistant populations violate the genetic assumptions to the extent of their resistance, and any assessment of resistance performance must take into account both environmental as well as …
Release Of A Thinned Budworm-Infested Douglas-Fir/Ponderosa Pine Stand, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Release Of A Thinned Budworm-Infested Douglas-Fir/Ponderosa Pine Stand, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Current and past defoliation by western spruce budworm (Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman) in an 80-year-old predominantly Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca [Beissn.] Franco) stand thinned to 14 by 14 feet was significantly lower than in a nearby untreated stand of similar age, species, and site conditions. Analysis of periodic radial growth ratios indicated that prior to thinning, Douglas-fir had been heavily defoliated by budworm and growth was seriously depressed. Following thinning, the host leave trees developed dense crowns and 10-year radial growth increased an average of 57 percent: meanwhile, radial growth of nonhost ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl.) increased 38 percent. …
Costs Of Managing Nontimber Resources When Harvesting Timber In The Northern Rockies, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Costs Of Managing Nontimber Resources When Harvesting Timber In The Northern Rockies, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
When National Forest Timber is sold, land managers are required to protect other forest resources such as wildlife, soil and water, and scenic qualities. Measures taken to protect nontimber resources can raise administrative costs, lower the quantity of timber sold, and can reduce stumpage receipts. The costs of sale administration and the reduction in timber harvested can be readily derived from accounting and planning records. But little information is available on how much nontimber resources cost in terms of stumpage receipts. To provide such information, some 187 timber sales were studied on seven National Forests in the Northern Region between …
Applying Height Growth And Site Index Curves For Inland Douglas-Fir, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Applying Height Growth And Site Index Curves For Inland Douglas-Fir, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Methods for estimating both site index and dominant height growth for inland Douglas-fir in the Northern Rocky Mountains are presented and discussed. The methods should be applicable over a wide range of stand conditions because no restrictions were placed on species composition, stand density, spacing, or age structure in the original stem analysis sample. Increased accuracy can be obtained if habitat type is considered, because the shape of the site index curves varied with respect to three major habitat series groupings. Results are summarized in the form of equations, tables, and graphs. Precision curves are used to illustrate the relationship …
Effects Of Bifenox, Dcpa, And Napropamide On Ectomycorrhizal Development Of Conifer Seedlings In Central And Northern Rocky Mountain Nurseries, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Effects Of Bifenox, Dcpa, And Napropamide On Ectomycorrhizal Development Of Conifer Seedlings In Central And Northern Rocky Mountain Nurseries, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Postseeding and postgermination treatments with three weed control herbicides (Bifenox, DCPA, Napropamide) at two rates of application caused little reduction of ectomycorrhizal development on 1- and 2-year-old conifer seedlings in Central or Northern Rocky Mountain nurseries. In many cases, herbicide treatment increased ectomycorrhizal development, particularly with DCPA. In general, herbicide treatment effects on ectomycorrhizal development were species and nursery specific.
Pinyon-Juniper Volume Equations For The Central Rocky Mountain States, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Pinyon-Juniper Volume Equations For The Central Rocky Mountain States, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Forestry
Gross cubic foot volume equations are now available for pinyon-juniper and several other woodland species in Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, and South Dakota. The volume equations are based on data collected as a subsample of woodland inventories conducted by Federal and State land management agencies. In these inventories, volumes of 4,705 trees were estimated by a visual sampling method.
The Delphi Method: Application To Elk Habitat Quality, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
The Delphi Method: Application To Elk Habitat Quality, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Wildlife Conservation and Management
This paper reports on the results of a study designed both to gather important information through Delphi and to evaluate several key features of the Delphi process. We intend to present information developed, and also describe and discuss Delphi so as to make resource managers more comfortable with it, aware of its potential, and willling to consider it along with other information gathering tools.
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Logan, Utah, Cache County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
Flood Insurance Study, City Of Logan, Utah, Cache County, Federal Emergency Management Agency
All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)
This Flood Insurance Study investigates the existence and severity of flood hazards in the City of Logan, Cache County, Utah, and aids in the administration of the National Flood Insurance act of 1968 and the Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973. This study will be used to convert Logan to the regular program of flood insurance by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). Local and regional planners will use this study in their efforts to promote sound flood plain management.
Prehistory Of Long Valley, Idaho, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Prehistory Of Long Valley, Idaho, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service
Archaeology/Anthropology
This thesis deals with a group of artifact collections gathered by local amateurs from a series of sites along the western shoreline of Cascade Reservoir. This study uses these artifacts as a basis to put together a preliminary view of Long Valley prehistory. Outlines of the basic artifact types are formulated and placed into a chronology based upon typological comparisons and obsidian hydration. Previous archaeological work, the ethnohistory, and local geology of the valley are discussed and related ot the sites, used in this study, in order to determine their patterns and characteristics. From these efforts directions for further research …