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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Mineral Physics
Numerical Modeling Of Mineralizing Processes During The Formation Of The Yangzhuang Kiruna-Type Iron Deposit, Middle And Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China: Implications For The Genesis And Longevity Of Kiruna-Type Iron Oxide-Apatite Systems, Xunyu Hu, Simon Jowitt, Feng Yuan, Guangxian Liu, Jinhui Luo, Yuhua Chen, Hui Yang, Keyue Ren, Yongguo Yang
Numerical Modeling Of Mineralizing Processes During The Formation Of The Yangzhuang Kiruna-Type Iron Deposit, Middle And Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt, China: Implications For The Genesis And Longevity Of Kiruna-Type Iron Oxide-Apatite Systems, Xunyu Hu, Simon Jowitt, Feng Yuan, Guangxian Liu, Jinhui Luo, Yuhua Chen, Hui Yang, Keyue Ren, Yongguo Yang
Geoscience Faculty Research
The Yangzhuang iron deposit is a Kiruna-type iron oxide-apatite (IOA) deposit within the Ningwu mining district of the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (MLYRMB), China. This study applies a numerical modeling approach to identify the key processes associated with the formation of the deposit that cannot be easily identified using traditional analytical approaches, including the duration of the mineralizing process and the genesis of iron orebodies within intrusions associated with the deposit. This approach highlights the practical value of numerical modeling in quantitatively analyzing mineralizing processes during the formation of mineral deposits and assesses how these methods can …
Comprehensive Report On Extraterrestrial Resource Extraction, Robinson Raphael
Comprehensive Report On Extraterrestrial Resource Extraction, Robinson Raphael
Student Works
The prospect of asteroid mining provides a plethora of riches that include metals and water. As the number of discovered asteroids continues to grow, opportunities arise to commercialize these resources within Near-Earth Asteroids (NEAs). With urgent applications on Earth and in space, NEAs allow for a surge in sales. Planning forward, Astroider Aerospace Systems follows a mission split into four phases. Phase 1 develops a series of spacecraft using existing technologies, titled as Near-Earth Asteroid Miners and Near-Earth Asteroid Surveyors. Phase 2 first launches the surveyors to candidate NEAs, prospecting them for ores. To identify potential celestial bodies for this …
Single-Crystal Elasticity Of Tremolite At High-Pressure Conditions And Its Implication For The Mid-Lithospheric Discontinuity, Soisiri Charin
Single-Crystal Elasticity Of Tremolite At High-Pressure Conditions And Its Implication For The Mid-Lithospheric Discontinuity, Soisiri Charin
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
Tremolite is the calcium magnesium amphibole that widely occurs in igneous and metamorphic rocks of the crustal and upper mantle lithosphere, especially in the greenschist facies to amphibolite facies of ultramafic assemblages. The stability field of amphibole reaches 3-4 GPa and 1100-1200°C depending on water content and cation substitutions giving rise to amphibole to occur in highly variable compositions. This P-T condition, corresponding to the depth about 80-120 km, coincides with the depth range that a negative velocity gradient usually found within most stable cratonic lithospheres. This depth range is seismically called Mid-lithosphere discontinuity (MLD). The geologic processes that might …
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Rostislav Hrubiak, Jin S. Zhang
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Rostislav Hrubiak, Jin S. Zhang
Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a major host for CO2 in the deep Earth. The physical and chemical properties of CaCO3 at extreme pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions are indispensable to decipher the circulation of carbon between the Earth's interior and surface via volcanism and subduction. Using the pulse-echo-overlap method combined with Paris-Edinburgh press, we measured velocities of CaCO3 and observed an anomalous drop associated with the amorphization of aragonite under upper mantle conditions. The compressional (VP) and shear (VS) wave velocities of the partially amorphized CaCO3 are reduced …
Equation Of State For Natural Almandine, Spessartine, Pyrope Garnet: Implications For Quartz-In-Garnet Elastic Geobarometry, Suzanne R. Mulligan, Elissaios Stavrou, Stella Chariton, Oliver Tschauner, Ashkan Salamat, Michael Wells, Alexander G. Smith, Thomas D. Hoisch, Vitali Prakapenka
Equation Of State For Natural Almandine, Spessartine, Pyrope Garnet: Implications For Quartz-In-Garnet Elastic Geobarometry, Suzanne R. Mulligan, Elissaios Stavrou, Stella Chariton, Oliver Tschauner, Ashkan Salamat, Michael Wells, Alexander G. Smith, Thomas D. Hoisch, Vitali Prakapenka
Geoscience Faculty Research
The equation of state (EoS) of a natural almandine74spessartine13pyrope10grossular3 garnet of a typical composition found in metamorphic rocks in Earth’s crust was obtained using single crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction under isothermal room temperature compression. A third-order Birch-Murnaghan EoS was fitted to P-V data and the results are compared with published EoS for iron, manganese, magnesium, and calcium garnet compositional end-members. This comparison reveals that ideal solid solution mixing can reproduce the EoS for this intermediate composition of garnet. Additionally, this new EoS was used to calculate geobarometry on a garnet sample from the same rock, which was collected from the …
Bat Guano Minerals And Mineralization Processes In Chameau Cave, Eastern Morocco, Philippe Audra, Vasile Heresanu, Lionel Barriquand, Mohamed El Kadiri Boutchich, Stephane Jaillet, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Pavel Bosak, Hai Cheng, R Lawrence Edwards, Michel Renda
Bat Guano Minerals And Mineralization Processes In Chameau Cave, Eastern Morocco, Philippe Audra, Vasile Heresanu, Lionel Barriquand, Mohamed El Kadiri Boutchich, Stephane Jaillet, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Pavel Bosak, Hai Cheng, R Lawrence Edwards, Michel Renda
International Journal of Speleology
The decay of bat guano deposits in caves produces mineral accumulations, mainly phosphates and secondary sulfates. Chameau Cave, Eastern Morocco, is located in the semi-arid Bni Snassen Mountains. It is composed of semi-active and dry passages, and is featured by strong condensation-corrosion on the walls, presence of fluvial sediments, and old corroded flowstones. Due to forced and convective airflow, the cave is generally very dry, with some damp sites related to condensation. Samples collected on the surface of different passages and along two sediment profiles yielded minerals related to bat guano decay. On recent or fresh guano, precursor minerals correspond …
Chemical Mapping To Evaluate Post-Depositional Diagenesis Among The Earliest Ceramics In The Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, Wesley D. Stoner, Barry J. Shaulis
Chemical Mapping To Evaluate Post-Depositional Diagenesis Among The Earliest Ceramics In The Teotihuacan Valley, Mexico, Wesley D. Stoner, Barry J. Shaulis
Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Chemical and mineral sourcing techniques are commonly employed in archaeology to reconstruct patterns of ceramic exchange and raw material procurement practices for the past, but the effects of post-depositional diagenesis are still often ignored despite a number of key studies warning that the composition of ceramics from archaeological deposits often diverges greatly from their original composition at the time of production. This current study on diagenesis derives from a large chemical and petrographic analysis of some of the earliest ceramics (1500-100 cal Before Common Era [BCE]) in the Basin of Mexico at a time when the development of ceramic trade …
Microstructural Characteristics Of Deformed Quartz Under Non-Steady-State Conditions, Hamidreza Soleymani
Microstructural Characteristics Of Deformed Quartz Under Non-Steady-State Conditions, Hamidreza Soleymani
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Because of the long timescale of many geological processes (millions of years), it has been traditionally assumed that the existing forces acting on the rocks at deep crustal levels are in equilibrium (i.e., steady-state). An alternative assumption, however, suggests that rocks in the lower crust and upper mantle are continuously evolving and exchanging energy at various time scales. Under the latter assumption (i.e., non-steady-state), certain geologic systems may never attain equilibrium regardless of the length and the time scale of operating geologic events. These two “endpoint” assumptions suggest there is a wide range of geologically reasonable conditions under which rocks …
Frozen In Time: A Numerical Modeling Approach To The Study Of Ice Bearing Planetesimals Through Carbonaceous Chondrites, Jasmine M. Bayron
Frozen In Time: A Numerical Modeling Approach To The Study Of Ice Bearing Planetesimals Through Carbonaceous Chondrites, Jasmine M. Bayron
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Icy planetesimals are significant objects of study for meteoritics, planetary science, and astrobiology due to their connections to the origins of life and liquid water on Earth. An existing closed system aqueous alteration model was adapted to simulate several scenarios involving early Solar System geologic processes occurring in an icy planetesimal interior. The model described in this work has been developed not only to test the validity of constraints currently thought to apply to CM1 parent bodies, but to directly compare the implications of these constraints for the isotopic composition and the modal mineralogy of carbonaceous chondrites. Isotopic ratios of …
Microstructural And Microchemical Studies Of Fluid–Chondrule Interactions In A Pristine Cr Carbonaceous Chondrite And Apatite In Martian Nakhlites, Marina Martínez
Microstructural And Microchemical Studies Of Fluid–Chondrule Interactions In A Pristine Cr Carbonaceous Chondrite And Apatite In Martian Nakhlites, Marina Martínez
Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs
PROJECT 1: Chondrites are the most primitive objects in the solar system, aggregates of the material that formed in the solar protoplanetary disk during the first 1-5 million years of its formation. However, petrographic observations indicate that most chondrites have been modified by secondary processes, including aqueous alteration, thermal metamorphism, and shock. Fortunately, a few chondrites largely escaped these processes and are considered pristine, such as the CR carbonaceous chondrite Queen Alexandra Range (QUE) 99177. QUE 99177 is an excellent sample for deciphering information about the reactions that took place between unaltered anhydrous solar nebular components and water under highly …
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Jin S. Zhang, Rostislav Hrubiak
Ultralow Velocities Of Caco3 And The Origin Of Seismic Anomalies In The Earth's Upper Mantle, Mingqiang Hou, Ming Hao, Jin Liu, Xiaowan Su, Wen-Yi Zhou, Jin S. Zhang, Rostislav Hrubiak
Earth and Planetary Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a major mineral host for CO2 in deep Earth. The physical and chemical properties of CaCO3 at extreme pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions are important for understanding the CO2 circulation between the Earth's surface and interior primarily via volcanism and subduction. Using the pulse-echo-overlap method combined with Paris-Edinburgh (PE) press, we measured velocities of CaCO3 under upper mantle conditions and observed an anomalous velocity drop associated with the amorphization of aragonite. The compressional (VP) and shear (VS) wave velocities of the partially amorphized CaCO …
The Effects Of Heterogeneities And Syn-Deformational Partial Melting On Rock Strength Evolution And Melt Migration, Nicole Wagner
The Effects Of Heterogeneities And Syn-Deformational Partial Melting On Rock Strength Evolution And Melt Migration, Nicole Wagner
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
In nature, the segregation of granitic melts at the source may be controlled by fabric and compositional heterogeneities in the source rock, such as foliation and lineation. To investigate the influence of foliation/lineation orientation and composition on rock strength and melt interconnectivity, I performed a series of experiments on cores of a fine-grained gneiss (Gneiss Minuti) and a fine-grained muscovite-bearing quartzite (Moine Thrust quartzite). These rocks were cored at six primary orientations parallel, 45 degrees, and perpendicular to the foliation and lineation and were deformed at a constant temperature of 900°C, pressure of ~2 GPa, and strain rate of ~10-6/s …
Analysis Of Water Concentration Formed Within Deformed Synthetic Quartz Crystals, Andrew Steward
Analysis Of Water Concentration Formed Within Deformed Synthetic Quartz Crystals, Andrew Steward
Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects
Analyzing the strength of synthetic quartz is essential to understanding the strength of natural milky quartz, which likely controls the strength of Earth’s continental crust. Synthetic quartz is sometimes used for deformation experiments because it has a homogenous water distribution unlike natural milky quartz. The purpose of this study is to determine if annealing synthetic quartz at T = 600°C will convert the water in synthetic quartz to free water, like milky quartz, but with little water loss. Following two annealing experiments at Texas A&M University, I performed four annealing experiments to measure the water content of five synthetic quartz …
Alteration Reactions In A Hornblende-Biotite-Anthophyllite-Fluid System: Implications For Cu-Au Ore Deposits, James Mitchell Lightner
Alteration Reactions In A Hornblende-Biotite-Anthophyllite-Fluid System: Implications For Cu-Au Ore Deposits, James Mitchell Lightner
Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations
High-grade porphyry Cu-Au ore deposits are typically contained in the potassic alteration zone, which forms through the alteration of preexisting country rock by a magmatic volatile phase (MVP) exsolved from an igneous intrusion. The MVP is a H2O dominant phase that contains high concentrations of NaCl, KCl, FeCl2, HCl, sulfur (as H2S or SO2) and minor concentrations of metals. The minerals in the potassic alteration zone are predominantly K-feldspar and biotite with a shreddy texture. Shreddy biotite forms from the replacement of prismatic-tabular shaped hornblende crystals, resulting in a characteristic shreddy texture. The alteration of hornblende to biotite can neutralize …