Geology Commons^™

Application Of Multivariate Analysis In The Exploration For Tin In Granites: A Study Of Granites From Northwestern Tanzania Using Discriminant Function And Factor Analysis, J.R. Ikingura

Tanzania Journal of Science

Variations in major and trace element Composition of granites from Karagwe-Ankolean (NE Kibaran) belt in northwestern Tanzania have been investigated by factor analysis and discriminant function statistical methods, The variations are attributed to three main factors. Factor 1 is positively loaded with CaO, MgO, Fe₂O₃ (Fe total), TiO₂, MnO, Ba, Sr, Zr and Y, and negatively loaded with P₂O₅, SiO₂, B and Rb. Factor 2 is positively loaded with Na2O, P₂O₅ Mno, Sn, Li, Rb and Y, and negatively loaded with TiO₂, K_{2 …}

Uplift And Erosion Of The Livingstone Basin Rift Flanks, Malawi (Nyasa) Rift, East Africa: Apatite Fission Track Analysis, Mbede E. I

Tanzania Journal of Science

Apatite fission track (AFT) dating is a method applied in neotectonic studies of sedimentary basin and in constraining uplift histories of rift flanks. Dating of 20 AFT samples of basement rocks flanking the Livingstone (Karonga/Tukuyu) basin on the northern edge of the Malawi (Nyasa) rift is used to analyse the uplift and erosionofthe basin flanks. Results suggest that in the Livingstone basin, rift-related uplift and erosion of the flanks has modified the topographic patterns. The high elevation of the Livingstone Mountains is related to regionally distributed isostatic rebound, whereas the topography of the hanging wall flank has probably been severely …

Gravity Data Interpretation Of The Usangu Baisin Tanzania, I.M. Marobhe, E.I. Mbede

Tanzania Journal of Science

The shape and geometry of Rift of basins is best expressed by looking at the depth to basement maps. It is now an accepted idea that the Rift basins are spoon shaped bounded on one side by a border fault (BF) which is normally the side of maximum sediment deposition. Gravity data from Usangu Basin collected by Amoco in 1985 are here interpreted to decipher the shape and the geometry of the Basin. Results suggest that the Usangu basin shape is similar to the other Rift Basins within the East African Rift System (EARS). The basin, is however, traversed by …

Natural Zeolites For Pollution Control An Overview, M.M. Makweba

Tanzania Journal of Science

Natural zeolites are minerals characterized by a framework of alumino-silicate whose structure contains channels occupied by water and exchangeable cations. The common known zeolites which occur in sedimentary rocks of volcanic origin include analcime, clinoptilolite, heulandite laumontite, philipsite, chabazite, erionite and mordenite. The zeolites have been studied in detail on their physical and chemical propertied. The ability of zeolite minerals like clinoptilolite to remove Cs-137 and Sr-90 from radioactive waste waters and to remove ammonium ions from municipal waste waters has been a milestone for zeolites to be applicable in pollution control. In Tanzania, zeolites occurrences have been reported in …

Algal Stromatolites From The Late Permian Lacustrine Sediments Of Tanzania, C.Z. Kaaya

Tanzania Journal of Science

Thin bed of algal stromatolites and oolites occur within a distinct stratigraphic unit (60-120 m thick) in the Late Permian (Karoo) lacustrine sedimetns of the Ruhuhu Basin in SW Tanzania. The stromatolites vary from a few centimeters to 50 cm high and exhibit 4 morphotypes: 1) bulbous or domal 2) columnar. Branching and non-branching varieties are common in the two morphotypes. The other two are : 3) laminated mats and 4) oncolites. All four types may occur in one bed. Filamentous algae were responsible for the building up of the stromatolites in which there was more precipitation of calcite than …

Determination Of Tine In Geological Samples By Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence With A Secondary Target, J. M. J. Kahatano, M. Mwambeule

Tanzania Journal of Science

Tin has been determined in seven international geochemical reference samples with energy-dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence using an X-ray tube with a secondary target, after optimization of the working parameters and instrument settings. The tin values obtained in this work quite satisfactorily lie within ranges reported in the literature or recommended by the suppliers of the reference samples. The method can therefore be applied to supplement other analytical techniques in the elemental analysis of geochemical samples.

Stratigraphy And Tectonic Evolution Of The Palaeoproterozoic Usagaran Belt In South-Eastern Tanzania, A.H. Mruma

Tanzania Journal of Science

The palaeoproterzoic Usagaran Belt is bordered by the Archaean Tanzanian Craton to the NW and the Mozambique Belt to the east. It is made up of the following three stratigraphic units:- (i) The lithodemic sillimanite, kyanite and cordierite gneiss lithodemes and pyroxene-garnet amphibolite lithodemes (ii) The lithostratigraphic Konse Group : greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metasedimentary and metavolcanic formations. (iii) The metavolcanic Ndembera Group; a possible lateral equivalent of the konse. Furthermore, the belt contains a post-tectonic gabbro-granitoid suite. The mutual stratigraphic relationship of the konse and Isimani has been a matter of dispute. However, the field observations described in …

The Mozambique Of Eastern Tanzania: Evidence For Pan-African Reactivation Of Early Proterozoic Usagaran Basement, M.A.H. Maboko

Tanzania Journal of Science

The high grade metamorphic rocks of Eastern Tanzania belong to two distinct tectonothermal belts; the early Proterozoic Usagaran Belt and the late Proterozoic (Pan–African) Mozambique Belt. Rocks of the Usagaran Belt, which locally sow evidence of eclogite facies metamorphism, experienced peak metamorphic conditions at ⁓ 2000 Ma. Tectonic activity in the Usagaran added at ⁓ 1800 Ma with the emplacement of post-organic granites. In contrast, the Mozambique Belt, which is characterized by extensive granulite complexes, experienced peak metamorphic conditions at about 700 Ma. Due to the similarity of both structural trends and metamorphic grade, the boundary between the two belts …

Weathering On The Alkaline Rocks Of The Mbozi Gabbro Syenite Complex Sw–Tanzanian, East Africa, M.K.D. Mutakyahwa

Tanzania Journal of Science

The Mbozi gabbro syenite complex is about 800 Ma and is associated with the Bukoban tectonic episode. Tectonically it follows the regional strike direction of the Ubendian System, which is a part of the polycyclic Mozambique mobile belt. The complex is a typical ring structure with the central part down-faulted. Deep weathering profiles on the ring structure were developed on a peneplain and as a result of uplift intersected hilly landscape of early tertiary times. The truncated 5-15m thick weathering profiles occur on three rock types, olivine gabbro, pyroxenite and nepheline perthite syenite (pethoste). The chemical and mineralogical processes of …

Geology Newsletter- 1995, Department Of Geology

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

Vol. 1, No. 20

• Faculty News
• Awards and Scholarships
• Alumni/ Friends/ Former Faculty Notes
• Geology Development and Scholarship Donations
• New Alumni

The Petrology Of The Precambrian Roof Pendants Thompson Peak, Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho, Susan Denise Anderson

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Air Sparging On Aquifer Hydraulic Conductivity, Hans Neve

Masters Theses

Air sparging is a relatively new technology used to remove organic contaminants from aquifers. This remediation technique involves injecting into contaminated portions of water table aquifers. Theoretically air sparging will reduce aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Injected air fills some of the available sediment pores, thus restricting the flow of water to the remaining water-filled pore spaces.

The purpose of this study was to measure the reduction in hydraulic conductivity due to air sparging. This was assessed using both laboratory and field techniques. The hydraulic conductivities of several different sediments were determined in the laboratory using a large constant head permeameter modified …

Evaluation Of Bail-Down Test Methods For Characterizing Free Product Recoverability From An Aquifer, Laura L. Krol

Masters Theses

Determination of the occurrence and recoverability of free product impacting the subsurface environment has been an on-going challenge in the environmental industry. A simple and relatively inexpensive test to perform in the field is the free product bail-down test. Many authors have proposed various analysis methods using these data for the determination of different free product characteristics.

The purpose of this project was to determine the comparability and possible validity of bail-down test interpretation methods for predicting hydrocarbon hydraulic conductivity/transmissivity and true free product thickness. Bail-down test data collected from two sites were analyzed and interpreted using methods from the …

The Variability Of Carbon Dioxide In The Vadose Zone, John J. Ring

Masters Theses

The purpose of this thesis was to observe and attempt to explain the variations of carbon dioxide in the vadose zone of a nature area in southwestern Michigan. Well nests, consisting of discrete soil gas sampling points and temperature probes set at depths ranging from 3 to 53 feet, were constructed in a sandy, glacial outwash plain. Soil samples were collected for analysis of organic carbon content during installation. Soil gas samples were collected periodically from June, 1992 to March, 1993 and analyzed for CO₂ and O₂ concentrations. Occasionally, samples were collected and analyzed for isotopic C^{13 …}

Mafic Volcanism In The Colorado Plateau: Basin And Range Transition Zone, Hurricane, Utah, Alexander Sanchez

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Hurricane volcanic field (HVF) is a small-volume (0.48 km³) mafic volcanic field in the Colorado Plateau/Basin & Range Transition Zone located in the eastern part of the St. George basin in southwestern Utah. Strombolian-Hawaiian style eruptions produced thin (10 m) a'a lava flows and cinder (scoria) cones composed of vesicular basalt, bombs and agglutinate. Radiometric dating and geologic relationships demonstrate that the HVF formed over a period of at least 100,000 years. In the upper crust, magma probably rose along joints in sedimentary rocks because chains of volcanic vents follow joint orientation maxima in sedimentary rocks.

Three …

Soil Acidity. A Reference Manual., Linda Leonard, Mike D. Bolland

Natural resources published reports

This publication is intended as a guide for consultants, development officers and field representatives for the extension of soil acidity in Western Australia.

Most Western Australian soils are naturally acidic. Acid peaty sands in the high rainfall area of the South West are the only W.A. soils in which natural acidity has been treated routinely before productive agriculture was introduced. There are approximately 100, 000 hectares of acid, peaty sands scattered through coastal districts between Pemberton and Rocky Gully districts.

Silica Spherules In Chrysoprase From Haneti-Itiso Area, Cental Tanzania, E.P. Malisa

Tanzania Journal of Science

Apple green gem quality chrysoprase from haneti-Itiso area, central Tanzania was studied. Under the microscope the chrysoprase shows highly disordered spherules which are concentric. Composed of bipyramidal quartz, chalcedony quartzite and opal-A. The spherules were classified into four main types according to the shell arrangement. The diameter of the spherules ranged from 40 μm 77 μm. Fluid inclusion types in bipyramidal quartz were monophasic low temperature type. Mineralogical properties indicated refractive indices to be 1.548 to 1.553 (±0.002), mean specific gravity 2.56, hardness about 7 on Moho’s scale, inert to ultraviolet radiation, green though Chelsea filter, and absorption in the …

Tectonic Denudation Of Mesozoic Contractile Structures By A Low-Angle Normal Fault And Associated Faults, Southern White Pine Range, Nevada, Holly Langrock

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Blackrock Canyon area in the southern White Pine Range, Nevada mostly consists of the highly extended upper plate of a low-angle normal fault, the Blackrock fault. The post-31.3 Ma Blackrock fault places upper Paleozoic sedimentary rocks and overlying Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Garret Ranch Group in its hangingwall against a 50 degrees E-dipping homocline of Cambrian through Mississippian rocks in its footwall. The 15 to 30 degrees W-dipping Blackrock fault is non-planar and consists of two fault segments and a pronounced corrugation, the Bull Spring corrugation. These geometric irregularities suggest the slip direction on the fault was east-southeast …

Geology And Geochemistry Of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks In The Northern Reveille And Southern Pancake Ranges, Nye County, Nevada, Kelly Brian Rash

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The northern Reveille and southern Pancake Ranges, located in the south-central Great Basin, experienced a prolonged history of Tertiary volcanism. Volcanic activity in this area began with the eruption of large-volumes of ash-flow tuffs from calderas of the central Nevada caldera complex. The Reveille Range and the southernmost portion of the Pancake Range are the site of two calderas that are the sources for the tuff of Goblin Knobs and tuff of northern Reveille Range. The tuff of Goblin Knobs (70.4-75.3 wt.% SiO₂) erupted from the caldera of Goblin Knobs (25.6 Ma) and is the thickest (~1700 m) …

Geochemical Evolution Of A Mid-Miocene Synextensional Volcanic Complex: The Dolan Springs Volcanic Field, Northwestern Arizona, Scott Michael Mcdaniel

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The Dolan Springs volcanic field (DSV), of northwestern Arizona, is dominated by andesite and basaltic-andesite flows and breccias, with minor amounts of basalt, rhyolite, and ash-flow tuff. Geochemistry is used here as a tool to evaluate the roles and contributions of the lithospheric and asthenospheric mantles to magmatism related to Miocene extension in the Colorado River extension corridor (CREC). The majority of synextensional volcanic rocks in the DSV are geochemically similar to regional trends, but rare tholeiitic basalts erupted near the end of extension. The tholeiites have trace element signatures similar to ocean island basalt (OIB), but have isotopic values …

Stratigraphy, Chemistry And Petrogenesis Of Volcanic Rocks Of The Mid-Tertiary Boot Heel Volcanic Field, Southwestern New Mexico And Southeastern Arizona, Charles R. Bryan

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The mid-Tertiary Boot Heel volcanic field is located in the Basin and Range Province of southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona. The field is defined on the basis of nine regional ash-flow tuffs, which have been correlated throughout the area, and for which probable source cauldrons have been identified. These tuffs are: tuff of Woodhaul Canyon (35.3 Ma); Bluff Creek Tuff (35.1 Ma); tuff of Steins (34.4 Ma); Oak Creek Tuff (33.5 Ma), tuff of Black Bill Canyon (stratigraphically constrained to 32.7-33.5 Ma); Gillespie Tuff (32.7 Ma); tuff of Horseshoe Canyon (27.6 Ma); Park Tuff (27.4 Ma); and Rhyolite Canyon …

Palynological Characteristics Of Near-Shore Shell-Bearing Pliocene Through Holocene Sediments Of Florida, Georgia, And South Carolina, Fredrick J. Rich

Earth, Environment & Sustainability: Faculty Publications

Seventeen pollen-bearing samples· from sites in South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida were analyzed for their pollen content. The samples range in age from Late Pliocene to Holocene. The initial objective of the study was to use the samples to help define the age of the physiographic feature known as Trail Ridge. All samples were marine sediments, and many were from marine mollusk-dominated strata. Pollen of Pinus and Quercus were abundant in all samples; Taxodium was abundant in about half of them. Carya, Liquidambar, Compositae, Gramineae, and ChenopodiaceaeAmaranthaceae were present as accessory taxa. Dinoflagellate cysts, microforams, and pyrite were present, or …

Groundwater Study: Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Usa Georgetown, Kentucky, Gary Felton, Lyle V. A. Sendlein, Teri Dowdy, Daryl Hines

KWRRI Research Reports

An eighteen month study of the Toyota Motor Manufacturing (TMM) plant site and the surrounding area was undertaken. The basic charge for this project was to characterize the groundwater that is potentially impacted by the TMM plant site. This included occurrence, flow direction, and, if possible, velocity. Because the area is karstified (has sinkholes, springs, caves, etc.) surface water and groundwater are intimately connected and, hence, surface water was frequently an important component of this work.

Data from TMM construction plans and monitoring work done subsequent to construction were elicited from the various repositories within the TMM infrastructure. Aerial color …

Geochemistry Of The Boring Lava Along The West Side Of The Tualatin Mountains And Of Sediments From Drill Holes In The Portland And Tualatin Basins, Portland, Oregon, Michelle Lynn Barnes

Dissertations and Theses

Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) was used to identify geochemical groups in Boring Lava along the west side of the Tualatin Mountains, and in sediments of the Portland and Tualatin basins. Samples of Boring Lava were obtained from TriMet drill core collected during planning of the tunnel alignment for the Westside Light Rail line. Additional samples of Boring Lava were collected from outcrops along the west side of the Tualatin Mountains. Samples of sediment from the Tualatin and Portland basins were obtained from drill core collected during an Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries (DOGAMI) Earthquake Hazards Mapping project. …

"A Geological Interpretation Of The Stanley Fault And Other Thrust Faults In Page County, Virginia", Michael James Sarros

OES Theses and Dissertations

Paleozoic carbonate rocks flooring Page Valley (within Page County) are overthrust by Precambrian to Cambrian elastic rocks of the Blue Ridge to the east of the study area. King (1950) recognized that the Cambrian carbonate sequence of Page Valley, near Stanley, Virginia, is broken by a large transverse fault which he named the Stanley fault. King (1950) interpreted the Stanley fault as a high-angle reverse fault with oblique-slip displacement. However, detailed mapping and structural data collected in this study indicate the Stanley fault is a low angle thrust fault which cuts all pre-Alleghanian and Early Alleghanian structures.

Two previously unrecognized …

An Improved Method For Determining And Characterizing Alignments Of Point-Like Features And Its Implications For The Pinacate Volcanic Field, Sonora, Mexico, Tim Lutz, J T. Gutmann

Earth & Space Sciences Faculty Publications

We present an improved method for determining statistically significant alignments of pointlike features. One of the principal such methods now in use, the two-point azimuth method, depends on a homogeneous distribution of points over the region of interest. Modification of this approach by use of the relatively new statistical technique of kernel density estimation permits treatment of heterogeneous point distributions without introducing substantial dependence on choice of the grid employed in the test for significance of apparent preferred orientations. The improved method can selectively reveal alignments on different spatial scales and can suggest the locations of alignments as well as …

Comments On “Measurements Of 7Be And 210Pb In Rain, Snow, And Hall”, M. Baskaran

Environmental Science and Geology Faculty Research Publications

No abstract available

Constraints On Present-Day Basin And Range Deformation From Space Geodesy, Jeffrey Lee, Timothy H. Dixon, Stefano Robaudo, Marith C. Reheis

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

We use new space geodetic data from very long baseline interferometry and satellite laser ranging combined with other geodetic and geologic data to study contemporary deformation in the Basin and Range province of the western United States. Northwest motion of the central Sierra Nevada block relative to stable North America, a measure of integrated Basin and Range deformation, is 12.1±1.2 mm/yr oriented N38°W±5° (one standard error), in agreement with previous geological estimates within uncertainties. This velocity reflects both east-west extension concentrated in the eastern Basin and Range and north-northwest directed right lateral shear concentrated in the western Basin and Range. …

Deep-Well Data Base For Nebraska, Duane R. Mohlam, Raymond R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Data From The Deep-Rock Samples On File From Wells Drilled In Nebraska, Duane R. Mohlman

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.