Geology Commons^™

Water Well And Spring Map Of The Harrodsburg 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, Kentucky, Bart Davidson

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Inventory Of Karst Springs Of Fayette County, Kentucky, James C. Currens, Qianhong Wu, Kenneth G. Pidgeon

Map and Chart--KGS

The purpose of this publication is to document karst springs in Fayette County and provide a resource to help the county's citizens avoid the geologic hazards associated with building near springs during future urban development. It may be used as an aid in locating potential groundwater discharge points in case of hazardous material spills, and to provide a foundation for future studies of the hydrogeology and karst geology of the Inner Bluegrass Region.

It is also a basic historical record of the springs of Fayette County. Although over 350 springs are reported here, this inventory is not exhaustive. At the …

Carboniferous Stratigraphy In The Vicinity Of The Daniel Boone National Forest, Donald R. Chesnut Jr.

Map and Chart--KGS

Middle Carboniferous strata on the western margin of the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field crop out along a north-northeast-trending belt sometimes referred to as the western belt of outcrop of the central Appalachian Basin. This belt also coincides with the Daniel Boone National Forest. These rocks are important because they contain coal, oil, and groundwater, and helped create the ruggedly beautiful canyons, rapids, falls, and arches in the national forest and nearby state parks. This report describes the general stratigraphy of these Carboniferous rocks, and is designed to assist stratigraphers, coal geologists, forest managers, science educators, and geology students.

Two cross …

Mapped Karst Groundwater Basins In The Lexington 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, James C. Currens, Randall L. Paylor, Joseph A. Ray

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows karst groundwater basins in the Lexington quadrangle, determined primarily by groundwater tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the groundwater basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst groundwater in the area.

Generalized Geologic Map For Land-Use Planning: Lexington And Fayette County, Kentucky, Daniel I. Carey, Martin C. Noger, Paul Howell

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions that affect the selection of sites for various purposes.

Water Well And Spring Map Of The Falmouth, Cincinnati, And Madison 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangles, Kentucky, Bart Davidson

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Western Pennyroyal Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-karst settings. Instead of flowing on the surface, the water flows underground through caves, sometimes reemerging at karst windows, then sinks again to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is …

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Eastern Pennyroyal Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-caves, sometimes reemerging at karst windows, then sinks again to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is influenced by the type of soluble rock and how it has been broken …

Protect Kentucky's Karst Aquifers From Nonpoint-Source Pollution, James C. Currens

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No abstract provided.

Karst Occurrence In Kentucky, Randall L. Paylor, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

This map was compiled from a digital version of the 1:500,000-scale geologic map of Kentucky (Noger, M.C., comp., 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey). The areas of potential karst development were delineated using stratigraphic units mapped on the geological map. The classification of the potential for karst development was based on the field experience of the authors and other data. A number of isolate carbonated unites that would not have otherwise been differentiated on the geologic map were newly digitized for this map.

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Pine Mountain Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-karst settings. Instead of flowing on the surface, the water flows underground through caves to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is influenced by the type of soluble rock and …

Exploring A Small Thrust Fault And Related Features On U.S. Highway 62/68, Near Maysville, Mason County, Kentucky, Paul Edwin Potter, John Grover, Gregory A. Schumacher

Map and Chart--KGS

One of the most unusual highway cuts in all of Kentucky is located approximately 395 ft (120 m) south of the high bridge that crosses Lawrence Creek on U.S. Highway 62/68, near Maysville, Mason County (see Figs. 1-2). The Carter coordinate location of the outcrop is 400 FSL x 900 FEL, 24-AA-69, which corresponds to 38°40'3" N latitude, 83°48'10" W longitude. The roadcut is approximately 1,315 ft (400 m) long, and rises in benches to a height of almost 110 ft (33 m). About 30 to 36 ft (9 to 11 m) of the Grant Lake Limestone is exposed at …

Geologic Map Of Kentucky, M. C. Noger

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Illustrated Physiographic Diagram Of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey

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No abstract provided.

Mineral And Fuel Resources Map Of Kentucky, Warren H. Anderson, Garland R. Dever Jr.

Map and Chart--KGS

The production of minerals and fuels in Kentucky is a multibillion dollar industry. Historically, coal, oil, natural gas, limestone, sand and gravel, clay, fluorite, barite, lead, iron, phosphate, zinc, and brines have been produced in the state. These resources have greatly influenced the development of Kentucky by providing raw materials for the early settlers who settled the state and for current industrial and economic development. Electrical power for homes, businesses, and factories; materials for constructing houses, buildings, automobiles, and roads; and products we consume in everyday life come from the earth's mineral and fuel resources.

The ability to locate and …

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Inner Bluegrass Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-karst settings. Instead of flowing on the surface, the water flows underground through caves, sometimes reemerging at karst windows, then sinks again to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is …

Physiographic Diagram Of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Coal Resources Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal Bed In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, William M. Andrews Jr., John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

This chart is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Lower Elkhorn coal. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Natural Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Lower Elkhorn coal is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and has, in some areas, a reputation as an excellent metallurgical-grade coal. It is known locally as the Pond Creek, Imboden, Path Fork, Blue Gem, Straight Creek, Bruin or Vires coal bed. This …

Mining Geology Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal, Stephen F. Greb, Gerald A. Weisenfluh

Map and Chart--KGS

The Lower Elkhorn (and its equivalents) is one of the leading producers of coal in the Eastern Kentucky Coal Field with 12 to 18 million short tons of annual production between 1974 and 1996, according to the Kentucky Department of Mines and Minerals. Stratigraphically, the coal occurs in the lower part of the Pikeville Formation of the Breathitt Group (Fig. 1), which was previously part of the Breathitt Formation (Chesnut, 1992). The coal occurs from 150 to 300 ft above the base of a thick coarsening-upward sequence containing the Betsie Shale and from 250 to 450 ft beneath the base …

Coal Resources Of The Springfield Coal Bed In Western Kentucky, William M. Andrews Jr., Robert E. Andrews, John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

Historically, the Springfield (Western Kentucky No. 9) coal bed has been the leading source of production in the Western Kentucky Coal Field. The Springfield coal is known for its lateral continuity in terms of both thickness and coal quality. It is estimated to have the largest original and remaining resource in the Western Kentucky Coal Field (Greb and others, 1992).

Total Coal Thickness Of The Fire Clay And Fire Clay Rider Coals In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, Stephen F. Greb, Jeffery A. Esterle

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Fire Clay coal zone. The maps were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. Within the zone, the Fire Clay coal is the most economically important bed and is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky. It is known for a persistent flint-clay parting that is believed to be of volcanic origin. This map represents the total coal …

Coal Resources Of The Upper Elkhorn No. 3b Coal (Upper Bed) In Eastern Kentucky, Jeffery A. Esterle, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

This chart is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone. The maps and charts were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. The Upper Elkhorn No. 3 coal zone has been one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky and, in some areas, is of very high quality. Bed stratigraphy within the Upper Elkhorn No. 3 zone and thickness of the No. 3A …

Mapped Karst Ground-Water Basins In The Bowling Green 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, Joseph A. Ray, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows karst ground-water basins in the Bowling Green quadrangle, determined primarily by ground-water tracer studies. It can be used to quickly identify the ground-water basins and springs to which a site may drain. Major springs and the relative size of their catchment areas can be evaluated for potential as water supplies. The map also serves as a geographic index to literature on karst ground water in the area.

Mining Geology Of Coals In Western Kentucky, Stephen F. Greb, David A. Williams

Map and Chart--KGS

Each of the most heavily mined coal seams in the Western Kentucky Coal Field, as indicated by analyses, mine visits, and discussions with mine inspectors and engineers, has its own roof and floor characteristics. Also, because roof rocks above several of the seams are laterally continuous (especially in the Carbondale Formation), roof characteristics related to rock type are often widespread and continuous between mines. This chart discusses the mining geology of three western Kentucky coal beds, highlighted on the stratigraphic column shown in Figure 1.

Additional mining obstacles that can affect all coal beds and roof strata are (1) tectonic …

Quality Characteristics Of The Springfield Coal In Western Kentucky, Cortland F. Eble

Map and Chart--KGS

Thickness and quality data from the Kentucky Coal Resources Information System (KCRIS) for the Springfield coal bed are summarized in this chart. Parameter averages and range of values are presented in the two tables, and average values are displayed graphically by county.

Regional Subsurface Geologic Cross Sections Of The Mississippian System, Appalachian Basin, Eastern Kentucky, David C. Harris, Thomas N. Sparks

Map and Chart--KGS

This series of 14 regional cross sections illustrates subsurface stratigraphic correlations of Mississippian (upper Carboniferous) rocks in the Appalachian Basin of eastern Kentucky. These cross sections were constructed as part of a regional stratigraphic study of the Mississippian "Big Lime," a major oil- and gas-producing formation. The series illustrates 10 dip-oriented and 4 strike-oriented lines, extending from the Slade Formation outcrop belt on the northwest, to the state borders on the east and south. Stratigraphic and structural versions are shown for each section to better illustrate thickness and structural variations. These cross sections served as the regional framework during collection …

Quality Characteristics Of The Lower Elkhorn Coal Bed In Eastern Kentucky, Cortland F. Eble

Map and Chart--KGS

Thickness and quality data from the Kentucky Coal Resources Information System (KCRIS) are summarized in this chart for the Lower Elkhorn coal bed (and equivalents). Parameter averages and ranges of values are presented in the two tables, and average values are displayed graphically by county.

Geologic Map Of Kentucky, Garland R. Dever Jr., M. C. Noger

Map and Chart--KGS

This map shows the geologic age of rocks and sediments at the surface in Kentucky. Sedimentary rocks, deposited from about 465 to 290 million years ago during the Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Mississippian, and Pennsylvanian Periods, crop out across the state. The rocks mainly consist of shale, limestone, sandstone, and siltstone. As shown in the cross sections, these surface rocks are underlain by older unexposed rocks of Precambrian, Cambrian, and Ordovician age.

Small bodies of igneous rocks were intruded into the state's bedrock about 270 million years ago during the Permian Period. They crop out in Elliott County of northeastern Kentucky, …

Generalized Geologic Bedrock Conditions As Related To Solid-Waste Landfills In Kentucky, Martin C. Noger

Map and Chart--KGS

This map is not intended to be used for selecting individual landfill sites. Its purpose is to inform land-use planners, government officials, and the public in a general way about geologic bedrock conditions throughout the state that affect the selection of solid-waste disposal sites.

Coal Resources Of The Fire Clay Coal Zone In Eastern Kentucky, Ernest E. Thacker, Gerald A. Weisenfluh, Jeffery A. Esterle, Stephen F. Greb, John K. Hiett

Map and Chart--KGS

This chart is one of a series that shows the regional characteristics of the Fire Clay coal zone. The maps and charts were prepared as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Coal Assessment Program, which compiles regional maps and databases that provide a comprehensive assessment of the most important coal beds in the nation. Within this coal zone, the Fire Clay coal is the most economically important bed and is one of the leading producers in the state of Kentucky. The Fire Clay coal contains a flint-clay parting that is believed to be of volcanic origin. The widespread occurrence …