Earth Sciences Commons^™

The Rayleigh Problem (Random Flights) Is Everywhere Redux, John E. Gray, Stephen R. Addison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The phase noise problem (or Rayleigh problem) occurs in all aspects of radar. It is an effect that a radar engineer or physicist always has to take into account as part of a design or in an attempt to characterize the physics of a problem such as reverberation. Normally, the mathematical difficulties of phase noise characterization are avoided by assuming the phase noise probability distribution function (PDF) is uniformly distributed, and the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) is invoked to argue that the superposition of relatively few random components obey the CLT and hence the superposition can be treated as a …

Tracking Nitrogen Mineralization In The Presence Of Biochar Utilizing Complementary-Method Assays In East Central South Dakota, Andrew Calvin Engel

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Understanding soil N transformations in agricultural systems of the Northern Great Plains is crucial for guiding effective soil and nutrient management of this vital cropland. While the use of biochar in agriculture has attracted great attention recently, little has been reported on the seasonal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) transformation and its response to biochar application. A field experiment was conducted over 2 seasons, spring (6/3/19-6/24/19) and summer (7/26/19-8/16/19), using four treatments or control soil, urea (224 kg N/ha), biochar (46,250 kg/ha), and urea+biochar (224 kg N/ha and 46,250 kg/ha, respectively). The results for both seasons showed biochar had no …

Using 3-Dimensional Mapping To Determine The Possibility Of Structural Control On Development Of The Upper Ordovician Lexington Limestone, Central Kentucky, U.S.A., Sean Davis

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

The upper Lexington Limestone of Late Ordovician age has been interpreted to represent a structurally controlled, complex, facies mosaic. This facies mosaic has historically been interpreted to be a carbonate buildup of shoal complexes with interbedded shale units with intertonguing facies. Due to relatively recent advances in geographic-information-systems (GIS) mapping technologies, it is possible to generate three-dimensional (3-D) compatible maps to offer insight to the complexities of the upper Lexington Limestone and to determine if structural control affected the distribution of members. The resulting two-dimensional (2-D) and 3-D maps show that basement faults likely exerted a significant influence on facies …

A Source-To-Sink Analysis Of The Pantanal Basin (Brazil): Implications For Weathering, Erosion, And Landscape Evolution In The World's Largest Wetland, Edward L. Lo

Theses and Dissertations--Earth and Environmental Sciences

Large back-bulge retro-arc basins have limited information about the sediment composition, yet they comprise important parts of the stratigraphic rock record. The exorheic Pantanal Basin is the world's largest continental wetland that regulates many valuable ecosystem services (water storage, nutrient cycling, agriculture, ranching, tourism, and transportation). This dissertation is composed of three studies that utilize a suite of tools to examine the most fundamental basin-wide source-to-sink sediment processes and controls that affect the characteristics and distribution of modern sediments.

The first paper consists of a metadata analysis of 76 shallow tropical floodplain lakes in the literature with bathymetric data and …

Data From: The Geography Of Glaciers And Perennial Snowfields In The American West, Andrew G. Fountain, Bryce Glenn, Hassan J. Basagic

Geology Faculty Datasets

A comprehensive mid-20th century inventory of glaciers and perennial snowfields (G&PS) was compiled for the American West, west of the 100° meridian. The inventory was derived from U.S. Geological Survey 1:24,000 topographic maps based on aerial photographs acquired during 35 years,1955–1990.

Early Pliocene Arvicolinae And Cricetinae From The Locality Of Afşar, Western Turkey, Panagiotis Skandalos, Koen Lansing, Fatma Arzu Demi̇rel, Mehmet Ci̇hat Alçi̇çek, Serdar Mayda, Francien Dieleman, Lars W. Van Den Hoek Ostende

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Afşar section, situated in the Dombayova graben in western Turkey, is one of the key localities for the study of the Pliocene of Anatolia. Two fossiliferous layers yielded micromammal assemblages, including various cricetine and arvicoline species. These include the species Mimomys cf. gracilis, Pliomys sp., Arvicolinae gen. sp. and the cricetines Cricetulus cf. ehiki and Cricetulus sp. in Afşar 1 and Mimomys hassiacus, M. gracilis, Pliomys graecus and Mesocricetus primitivus in Afşar 2. The cooccurence of these species indicates a dry and open spaced habitat. Based on the composition and stage of evolution of the hamster and vole species, …

Destruction Of Pfoa On Ion-Exchange Resin With Advanced Reduction Processes To Regenerate Resins For Addressing Pfoa Pollution In Drinking Water, Junkui Cui

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been globally incorporated into various industrial and consumer products since the 1940s. However, concerns about PFAS have gradually grown because of their prevalence, mobility, persistence, bioaccumulation, and adverse impacts on human and environmental health. Unfortunately, traditional water treatment processes inefficiently remove PFAS. Therefore, there is an urgent research need to develop innovative, technically viable, and low cost-treatment processes for the removal of PFAS in water.

Among the established PFAS treatment technologies, ion-exchange (IX) has been extensively applied to drinking water treatment practices due to its adsorption capability and technology maturity. However, IX is highly …

Road Salt-Induced Salinization Of The Upper Paulins Kill River In Newton, New Jersey, Kristine Emily Rogers

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Road salt application is a primary factor leading to the salinization of freshwater rivers and streams throughout the Northeastern United States and globally. Rising salinization within fresh water bodies is problematic because it can modify community structure and detritus processing within freshwater ecosystems, induce mortality among macroinvertebrates and other aquatic life, and mobilize metals that can pose harm to human health. Road salts also threaten surface and underground drinking water supplies, kill riparian vegetation, and corrode infrastructure, such as bridges and roads. This research examines 4 1⁄2 years of continuous water quality monitoring data collected from two sensor stations along …

The Identification Of New Directions For The Research Of Adhd, Andrew Burkhardt

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

ADHD is a disease commonly associated with childhood; however, recently adult cases of ADHD have been on the rise. The cause of ADHD is not yet known but can be treated. The issue with the treatment of ADHD is the use of heavily restricted stimulants. The use of these medications carry many health risks, most notability addiction. ADHD also has many co-morbidities like anxiety and autism. This makes ADHD a complex disorder, making the identification of a cause difficult. However, by identifying how drugs used to treat ADHD work, combined with genetic testing, areas of interest start to appear. An …

Business Meeting Report (Secretary's And Treasurer's Report), Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Foraminiferal Micropaleontology Of The Harami Formation (Elazığ, Eastern Turkey), And Reassessment Of Its Age Based On Larger Benthic Foraminifera, Si̇bel Kayğili

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The age and depositional environment of the Harami Formation were reevaluated based on the new larger benthic foraminiferal (LBF) data. LBF assemblage including Orbitoides medius (d'Archiac), O. megaloformis Papp and Küpper, O. gruenbachensis Papp, Pseudomphalocyclus blumenthali Meriç, Omphalocyclus macroporus (Lamarck), Sirtina cf. orbitoidiformis Brönnimann and Wirz, Hellenocyclina beotica Reichel, Lepidorbitoides campaniensis Van Gorsel, L. bisambergensis (Jaeger), L. cf. minor (Schlumberger), Pseudosiderolites vidali (Douville), and Siderolites gr. calcitrapoides Lamarck were determined in the formation. Based on this LBF assemblage data, the late Campanian-Maastrichtian age was assigned to the formation. The paleontological and sedimentological data indicate that the Harami Formation was deposited …

Update For Reactive Transport Modeling Of The Kızıldere Geothermal Field To Reduce Uncertainties In The Early Inspections, Selçuk Erol, Taylan Akin, Serhat Akin

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The development of carbon capture and storage techniques has become essential to reduce and mitigating CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. CarbFix1 and CarbFix2 projects carried out in Iceland demonstrated that the emissions of waste CO2 gas from geothermal power plants can be captured and mixed with the effluent geofluid and subsequently injected back into the geothermal reservoir. This experience gained in the CarbFix projects expanded into other geothermal fields around Europe, and one of the demonstration sites is the geothermal field in Turkey, Kızıldere. This paper focuses on the results of an updated study on early field evaluations with reactive …

New Triassic Finding In Andız Peninsula (İzmir, Western Turkey) And Comparison Of Pre-Neogene Sequences Of Andız And Karaburun Peninsulas: Stratigraphic And Tectonic Implications, İsmai̇l İşi̇ntek

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This study aims to review the geology of the Andız Peninsula and compare the pre-Neogene Andız succession with the middle part of the Karaburun Peninsula to discuss the nature of the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary in the Karaburun Peninsula. The pre-Neogene units of the Andız Peninsula are represented by the Paleozoic Dikendağı, Triassic Gu?vercinlik, and Jurassic Nohutalan Formations. In this study, the Triassic carbonate rocks in the Andız Peninsula are paleontologically defined for the first time. The Megalodont-bearing Gu?vercinlik Formation contains a late Norian-Rhaetian characteristic foraminiferal assemblage consisting of Aulotortus gr. sinuosus, A. tenuis, A. friedli, A. impressus, and Triasina hantkeni. The …

Relationship Of Petrographic And Mineralogical Characteristics With Mechanical Strength Properties Of Granitic Rocks: A Case Study From The Biga Peninsula, Nw Turkey, Güven Eroğlu, Ayten Çalik

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This study was carried out on granitic rocks from the Biga Peninsula in order to investigate petrographic, and mineralogical properties in comparison with mechanical strength properties. This study was conducted in four different locations where granitic rocks outcrop from north to south in the Biga Peninsula: Lapseki (Şevketiye granite), Ezine (Kestanbol granite), Bayramiç (Yassıbağ granite), and Edremit (Eybek granite). Field observations and detailed petrographic studies of representative samples indicate that they are quartz monzodiorite (Şevketiye and Yassıbağ), quartz monzonite (Kestanbol), and granodiorite (Eybek) in composition. All the rocks have similar mineral composition, comprising mainly feldspar (plagioclase-alkali feldspar), quartz, mafic minerals …

A Miocene Nannofossil Biostratigraphic Case Study: Alaminos Canyon Block 627 And Mississippi Canyon Block 555, And Sedimentation Rates In The Gulf Of Mexico, Bethany L. Cobb Faulk, Murlene W. Clark

Gulf and Caribbean Research

The Miocene sediments of 2 deep—water boreholes from the northern Gulf of Mexico, from Alaminos Canyon (AC) Block 627 and Mississippi Canyon (MC) Block 555, have been biostratigraphically analyzed using calcareous nannofossils, revealing changes in sedimentation rates and depositional environments between these 2 areas. High nannofossil abundance values and low sedimentation rates generally recorded in the Alaminos Canyon region suggest a condensed section during much of the Miocene, associated with a basinal environment. Mississippi Canyon exhibits lower nannofossil abundance and higher sedimentation rates compared to Alaminos Canyon during the majority of the Miocene. Increased sediment volumes are largely attributed to …

Festival Of Research Abstracts, 2023, College Of Science And Mathematics, Wright State University

Festival of Research

The collection of abstracts accepted for the 2023 Festival of Research hosted by the Wright State University College of Science and Mathematics.

Mapping Groundwater Recharge Potential In High Latitude Landscapes Using Public Data, Remote Sensing, And Analytic Hierarchy Process, Edgar J. Guerrón-Orejuela, Kai C. Rains, Tyelyn M. Brigino, William J. Kleindl, Shawn M. Landry, Patricia Spellman, Coowe M. Walker, Mark C. Rains

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Understanding where groundwater recharge occurs is essential for managing groundwater resources, especially source-water protection. This can be especially difficult in remote mountainous landscapes where access and data availability are limited. We developed a groundwater recharge potential (GWRP) map across such a landscape based on six readily available datasets selected through the literature review: precipitation, geology, soil texture, slope, drainage density, and land cover. We used field observations, community knowledge, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process to rank and weight the spatial datasets within the GWRP model. We found that GWRP is the highest where precipitation is relatively high, geologic deposits are …

Reorganizing The Waterscape: Asymmetric Loss Of Wetlands And Gain Of Artificial Water Features In A Mixed-Use Watershed, Mark Rains, Kurt Schmidt, Shawn Landry, William Kleindl, Kai Rains

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Between the 1780 and 1980s, more than half of the wetlands in the conterminous US were lost. As wetlands have been lost, numerous artificial water features (AWFs), such as stormwater retention ponds, golf course water features, and reservoirs, have been constructed. We contrasted the loss of wetland area and perimeter to the gain of AWF area and perimeter and further explored how this transformation has altered the spatial characteristics of the waterscape. We conducted this analysis in the Tampa Bay Watershed, a large coastal watershed that lost 33% of its wetland area between the 1950s-2007. Trends have been towards fewer, …

Using The 3-30-300 Rule To Assess Urban Forest Access And Preferences In Florida (United States), Andrew Koeser, Richard Hauer, Michael Andreu, Robert Northrop, Mysha Clarke, John Diaz, Deborah Hilbert, Cecil Konijnendijk, Shawn Landry, Grant Thompson, Rebecca K. Zarger

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Background: Public engagement is needed to make sure urban forestry management efforts align with the values of the public being served. Noting this, we determined current and desired urban forest access of Florida (United States) residents using the criteria from the 3-30-300 rule (i.e., 3 trees visible from home, 30% canopy in neighborhood, and a green space within 300 meters of home). Methods: A survey of 1,716 Florida residents was conducted to assess canopy coverage and green space access. Respondents were then asked if this level of urban forest access was sufficient for their needs. We also asked their perceptions …

Physicochemical Constraints To Melts From Láscar Volcano Recorded By Syn-Eruptive Apatite, Cesar Andres Bucheli Olaya

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Geochemical microanalysis of apatite crystals was conducted to model the composition and thermodynamic conditions of melts involved in explosive eruptions at Láscar volcano (NE Chile). Apatite crystals were extracted from representative samples of Láscar’s eruptive stages II (Soncor ignimbrite), III (Tumbres scoria deposit), and IV (1993 CE pumice). I used electron microprobe analysis, laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and secondary ionization mass spectrometry to generate quantitative compositional maps and gather data of major, trace, and volatile element contents in crystals. Major and trace-element behavior in Láscar apatites reflects general whole-rock compositional trends of Láscar and other Andean …

Experimental Determination Of Zinc, Potassium And Rubidium Diffusion Coefficients In Olivine, Christopher J. Willingham

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

One of NASA’s key strategies is to learn more about the early solar system and its formation. Chondrites were formed from the most primitive materials at the collapse of the solar system and over time have been classified into different categories based on their elemental abundance. These chondrites have fallen to Earth and have even formed entities such as asteroids and planetary bodies. It has been found through studies that one of these chondrites is close to the elemental abundance of the Sun. The other types of chondrites were up to two orders of magnitude less in concentration …

Magma Residence Times And Pre-Eruptive Processes As Determined By Diffusion Geospeedometry And Textural Analysis—Lascar Volcano, Chile, Bennett G. Van Horn

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Petrographic textural analysis and geochemical microanalysis of plagioclase phenocrysts was conducted to model near-liquidus residence times and to gain further insight into processes that occurred within the magma chambers sourcing historical explosive eruptions at Láscar Volcano (NE Chile). Plagioclase crystals were analyzed from representative samples of Stages II (Soncor ignimbrite), III (Tumbres scoria deposit), and IV (Talabre lava, 1993 Plinian eruption). I used laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which was combined with previously collected electron microprobe analyses and electron backscatter images to build a representative dataset of major- and trace element contents, as well as the zoning patterns and …

Historical Channel Evolution And Human Modifications Of Blue River Near Kansas City Missouri, Katie Ann Grong

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Channel form can respond to changes in flood regime and sediment load caused by land use and climate disturbances. In the eastern United States, widespread soil and vegetation disturbances in the 1800s during agricultural expansion increased runoff rates, flood magnitude and frequency, and sediment loads often causing major changes in channel activity and floodplain sedimentation in local streams. Investigating the historical evolution of a stream channel system including its floodplains can help to advance geomorphological theory and benefit environmental managers. This study documents human impacts on historical changes in channel and floodplain widths since the early to middle 1800s in …

Phosphorus Release And Recovery From Simulated Ferric Wastewater Sludge, Aseel Alnimer

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Phosphorus (P) is a fundamental element necessary for all life forms and a key component in the fertilizer industry. Meanwhile, the excessive load of P to water bodies due to human activities has the potential to promote eutrophication. Wastewater treatment plants remove P either biologically or chemically and produce P rich sludge which could be a potential renewable source for P. At present, commercial technologies exist for P recovery from biological wastewater sludge. However, P recovery from chemical sludge particularly iron(III)-phosphate (Fe-P) sludge generated in chemical P removal plants that use iron(III) salts remains a challenge.

This study explored, in …

Controls On Thermokarst Lake Water Balances In The Inuvik - Tuktoyaktuk Region, Evan J. Wilcox

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

There are tens of thousands of thermokarst lakes in the Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk region, located in the northwest corner of the Northwest Territories, Canada. These lakes formed following the last glacial period in areas where ice-rich permafrost thawed and created depressions in the landscape. The Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk region is one of the fastest warming regions in the world, leading to changing precipitation patterns, permafrost thaw and deciduous shrub expansion, all of which are affecting the water balance of thermokarst lakes. During the past several decades, lake expansion and contraction have been observed in response to fluctuations in precipitation. While these changes in lake …

Comparison Of Permafrost Thaw-Related Changes To Hydrological Response And Land Cover In Subarctic Peatland-Dominated Landscapes, Mikhail Mack

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

The hydrological implications of discontinuous permafrost thaw in peatland-dominated basins are not well understood. While there is evidence suggesting that permafrost-thaw-driven land cover change increases annual runoff and the runoff ratio in the Taiga Plains of northwestern Canada, few studies have evaluated the impact on small to medium-sized basins (< 10⁵ km²) outside this ecoregion. Here, we assess runoff, runoff ratio, and precipitation trends for 34 peatland-dominated basins, of which 28 are in the discontinuous and sporadic permafrost zones and 6 in adjacent permafrost-free environments. We calculated annual and monthly trends between 1970 and 2016 using the Mann-Kendall …

Applied Geochemistry, Geochronology And Biostratigraphy: Case Studies From The 38th Parallel Structures In Missouri And Orange Basin, Offshore Western South Africa, Marissa Kay Spencer

Doctoral Dissertations

"The unique alignment of the Decaturville, Crooked Creek, and Weaubleau geological structures in central Missouri, three of nine known such structures along the 38th parallel in Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas, has puzzled geoscientists for decades. Research using palynology (palynomorphs and particulate organic matter) and radiometric dating of impact spherules were used to constrain age and a relationship between these enigmatic structures and infer their paleoenvironmental conditions. Novel melting damages, unique to impact, were documented in the palynomorphs in all the three structures. Early Ordovician acritarchs with melted processes correlate with ⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar stepwise heating age of impact spherules …

The Influence Of Pre-Existing Structures On Fracture Systems In The Jurassic Surat Basin, Queensland, Australia, Sirirat Khamsaeng

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Pre-existing structures can influence the spatial distribution and geometry of subsequent fractures in sedimentary basins. In Queensland, Australia, contractional structures in the Permian-Triassic Bowen Basin control fracture development in the overlying Jurassic Surat Basin, where the Precipice sandstone is targeted for geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2). Understanding the influence of pre-existing structures in the Bowen Basin on fracture systems in the Surat Basin is vital for the site selection process of CO2 geological storage projects in Queensland. This study focuses on the NW-SE trending Miles Thrust Fault (MTF) and its associated fault-propagation folds in the Bowen Basin, aiming to …

การวิเคราะห์เนื้อหาข่าวอุทกภัยภาคใต้ของประเทศไทยในช่วงฤดูมรสุมบนยูทูบ, ชวพล สัมฤทธิ์ดี

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษารูปแบบข่าวที่ส่งผลต่อการมีส่วนร่วมของผู้ชมบนยูทูบใช้วิธีการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหาของวิดีโอข่าวบนยูทูบจำนวน 64 คลิป จากสำนักข่าวสื่อกระเเสหลัก สำนักข่าวออนไลน์และสำนักข่าวสื่อสาธารณะ รวม 7 สำนักข่าว ใช้แบบลงรหัส (coding sheet) และคู่มือการลงรหัส (coding manual) ใช้ผู้ลงรหัสจำนวน 3 คน มีการทดสอบความเที่ยงระหว่างผู้ลงรหัสโดยใช้ค่าสัมประสิทธิ์อัลฟ่าของ Krippendorff ค่าความเที่ยงอยู่ระหว่าง 0.80-1 นำเสนอข้อมูลโดยการเปรียบเทียบค่ามัธยฐานและเปอร์เซ็นต์ไทล์รวมถึงการวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวนของข้อมูล ผลการวิจัยพบว่า รูปแบบการมีส่วนร่วมของผู้ชมต่อข่าวอุทกภัยมี 3 รูปแบบ ได้แก่ 1) การมีส่วนร่วมระดับสูง 2) การมีส่วนร่วมระดับปานกลาง 3) การมีส่วนร่วมระดับต่ำและต่ำมาก ในแต่ละรูปแบบมีองค์ประกอบที่แตกต่างกัน และหากแบ่งตามเนื้อหาสามารถแบ่งได้ 9 รูปแบบ ได้แก่ 1) ข่าวที่มีผลกระทบอย่างรุนแรง 2) การแสดงความเสียใขของผู้ประกาศข่าว 3) ภาพที่สะท้อนถึงความเดือดร้อนของประชาชน 4) ข่าวเกี่ยวกับภัยพิบัติโดยตรง 5) ข่าวเกี่ยวกับการจราจรและการแนะนำในสถานการณ์ฉุกเฉิน 6) การวิจารณ์รัฐบาลและการสัมภาษณ์ฝ่ายค้าน 7) การใช้คำขยายและการสร้างอารมณ์ 8) การนำเสนอภาพลักษณ์เชิงบวกของดาราและบุคคลมีชื่อเสียง 9) การนำเสนอคลิปจากประชาชนและการมีส่วนร่วมของประชาชน โดยแต่ละรูปแบบสร้างการมีส่วนร่วมได้ในลักษณะที่แตกต่างกันไป งานวิจัยนี้ทำให้เห็นถึงความสำคัญของการเลือกองค์ประกอบที่เหมาะสมเพื่อการมีส่วนร่วมของผู้ชม สามารถนำไปใช้เป็นแนวทางในการผลิตเนื้อหาข่าวบนแพลตฟอร์มดิจิทัล

Developing The Housing Attribute And Spatial Index (Hasi) Tool To Identify Characteristic Neighborhoods Using Variable Importance Factors Calculated Utilizing Random Forest Regression Modeling In Arcgis Pro, William A. Wallace

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

The purpose of this research is to examine the functionality in utilizing Random Forest Regression (RFR) Variable Importance (VI) values in characterizing neighborhoods based on the attributes of existing housing units by creating an automated GIS tool. An important concept that has been implemented in the past in real-estate valuation is the concept of Hedonic Price Modeling (HPM), which uses regression techniques to identify the impacts that individual attributes have on the cost of a good in a heterogenous market outside of mere utility. The benefit of this research is to produce a tool that automates the RFR process such …