Earth Sciences Commons^™

Obituary Prof. Dr. Ercan Özcan, Aral Okay, Demi̇r Altiner, Gyorgy Less

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

The First Application Of The Luminescence Surface Exposure Dating Method On Active Fault Scarps In The Western Anatolia Extensional Province: The Manisa Fault As An Example, Mustafa Softa, Eren Şahi̇ner, Hasan Sözbi̇li̇r, Joel Qg Spencer, Mehmet Utku, Mehmet Fati̇h Büyüktopcu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

While there has been significant research on the dating of paleoearthquakes using methods such as surface cosmogenic dating, and trench-based luminescence or radiocarbon dating, this paper focuses on implementing an alternative surface dating method using a fault scarp-based optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating approach. Hence for the first time, we investigated the Pleistocene to Holocene earthquake cycle of the Manisa Fault, one of the dip-slip active faults of the Western Anatolia extensional province, utilizing novel OSL surface exposure techniques. In this technique, OSL bleaching profiles on the fault surface are directly related to the exposure of the fresh fault scarps …

Lithological Mapping Of Ophiolitic Rocks From Southern Part Of The Sivas Basin (Turkey) Using Aster Imagery, Taner Eki̇ci̇

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The east-west extended Sivas Basin in central-eastern Anatolia is a foreland basin that formed after the obduction of the Tethyan ophiolite during the late Cretaceous and is also a north-verging fold-and-thrust belt. The basement rocks of the basin represent mainly sedimentary (Mesozoic platform-type carbonates) and late Cretaceous Divriği ophiolitic complex. As the ophiolitic rocks are affected by intense tectonic processes, field-based mapping studies require long processes and costs. The study tests to reveal the lithological features of the ophiolitic complex outcropping around the Ulaş district of the Sivas Province using remote sensing methods and techniques. Due to arid climatic conditions …

New Geodetic Constraints On The Role Of Faults And Blocks Vs. Distribute Strain In The Nubia-Arabia-Eurasia Zone Of Active Plate Interactions, Semi̇h Ergi̇ntav, Michael Floyd, Demitris Paradissis, Hayrullah Karabulut, Philippe Vernant, Frederic Masson, Ivan Georgiev, Ali̇ Özgün Konca, Uğur Doğan, Robert King, Robert Reilinger

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

We present a broad view of present-day motions and deformations derived from uniform processing of GNSS observations within the Nubia-Arabia-Eurasia zone of plate interaction. The new observations we present provide a ~29% increase in the number of velocity determinations, a reduction in average station spacing from ~76 km to ~39 km, and an improvement in velocity uncertainties (for < 1 mm/year), from 180 to 578 sites compared to our prior published solution (Reilinger et al., 2006). We use these new constraints to better evaluate the role of faults and blocks in controlling the character of continental deformation within the zone of plate interactions. Simple elastic block models show that internal deformation of the region occurs in large part on mapped, seismically active fault systems, indicating elastic behavior of the seismogenic crust (above ~15 km). For example, eastern central Anatolia, an area of > ~126,000 km2, bounded by the North and East Anatolian Faults exhibits internal velocity differences of < 0.5 mm/year, indicating strain rates of < ~1.5 nanostrain/year. Geodetically constrained fault slip rates obtained from this simplified approach are comparable to geologic rates, indicating that major faults have controlled the recent geologic evolution of the region (i.e. 5?10 Myr). The pattern of present-day deformation, including increasingly fast motions towards the Hellenic trench, and the roughly simultaneous opening of all the major Mediterranean basins in the early Miocene with the slowing of the Nubia-Eurasia convergence, support conceptual models that foundering and rollback of the subducted Nubian slab beneath the Aegean is the primary mechanism responsible for present-day motion and internal deformation of the Anatolian-Aegean region.

Geological Structure Informs Rupture Propagation And Surface Rupture Complexity During The 2016 Kaik?Ura Earthquake, New Zealand: Insights For Future Large Earthquake Hazard, Kelvin Berryman, Mark Rattenbury, Stephen Bannister, Susan Ellis, Pilar Villamor, Donna Eberhart-Phillips, Phaedra Upton, Andrew Howell

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

We summarise the geological setting of complex surface rupture of the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaik?ura earthquake in the Marlborough Tectonic Domain of New Zealand. The event was complex both seismologically and geologically but not totally dissimilar to other large historical events globally. The earthquake occurred in the comprehensively imbricated, steeply-dipping Pahau Terrane crust that exhibits numerous tectonic overprints with diverse faulting styles. The current strike slip faults of the Marlborough Fault System are immature in their structural development and occupy, at least in part, inherited faults of earlier deformation phases. Several of the faults that ruptured in 2016 may connect …

Paleoseismology Of The Ganos Segment; The Western Extend Of The North Anatolian Fault (Turkey), Murat Ersen Aksoy, Mustapha Meghraoui, Matthieu Ferry, Zi̇yadi̇n Çakir, Gülsen Uçarkuş, Taylan Sançar, Mehmet Uğur Altin

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Ganos fault that ruptured on 9 August 1912 (Mw: 7.4) is the westernmost inland segment of the North Anatolian fault (NAF). Here, the Ganos fault is bounded at its two tips with offshore faults segments, in the Sea of Marmara to the east and the Gulf of Saros to the west in the North Aegean Trough. Therefore, the paleoseismology of the 45-km-long inland fault is of importance to the seismic hazard analysis related to offshore active faults and in particular for the seismic gap in the Marmara Region. Earlier studies have established an earthquake chronology for the western and …

Paleoseismology Of The Sürgü And Çardak Faults - Splays Of The Eastern Anatolian Fault Zone, Türkiye, Musa Balkaya, Hüsnü Serdar Akyüz, Süha Özden

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The sinistral East Anatolian Fault Zone (EAFZ) and the dextral North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ) are two important strike-slip faults that delimit the boundaries of the Anatolian plate. The north-south directed compressional forces in eastern Türkiye trigger the westward escape of the Anatolian plate along these prominent structures. This study aims to reveal the earthquake history of the Sürgü and Çardak faults, which are important fault segments that splay from the EAFZ. In this context, overall, four paleoseismologic trenches were dug, two trenches on the Sürgü Fault and two trenches on the Çardak Fault. Along the Sürgü Fault, at least …

Land Subsidence Due To Natural Gas Extraction In The Thrace Basin (Nw Turkey) And Its Influence On The North Anatolian Fault Under The Marmara Sea, Tohid Nozadkhalil, Zi̇yadi̇n Çakir, Semi̇h Ergi̇ntav, Uğur Doğan, Thomas R. Walter

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

We map surface deformation in the Thrace region of Turkey using the Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series analysis of the SAR data acquired between 2014 and 2020 on ascending and descending orbits reveals large-scale subsidence (~110 × 60 km) with rates reaching up to 10 ± 1.5 mm/yr. We relate this deformation to natural gas reservoir operations, such as gas exploitation and extraction activities that have been taking place in the region for decades, an inference being supported by the strong correlation between the InSAR time series and the variation in natural …

Rad Rivers In Rad Places: Characterizing The Historical And Future Whitewater Resources In Select Regions Of The United States, Melissa D. Shafer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Outdoor recreation is a highly profitable industry in the United States. In 2021, outdoor recreation accounted for $454.0 billion, or 1.9% of the current-dollar gross domestic product for the nation. Many states have benefited financially from focusing on promoting their outdoor recreation and natural resources. Whitewater (WW) paddling has been a recreational activity since the 1950s. In 2007 there were an estimated 1.2 million participants in whitewater kayaking. As of 2020, that number increased to 2.6 million, doubling the number of participants. WW resources can be leveraged to reshape local and regional economies. The framework developed in this study provides …

Great South Bay, Long Island, New York Summer Phytoplankton Identification & Monitoring Program, Cercom, Molloy University, John Tanacredi Ph.D., Kyle F. Maurelli

CERCOM Reports

Phytoplankton Collection Methodologies: 80 micron Plankton Tow Net with sample bottle attachment

Phytoplankton Protocol: 1.Gather Samples 2.Make one slide per sample 3.View slides using microscope connected with computer 4. Record findings using “ Row # “ and “ Column letter “ 5. Record using “ Tallies “ per species found within sample 6. Capture anything interesting “ Take Picture “ 7.Duplicate pictures taken 8.Make sure measurement of species found is taken 9. Email Jennifer Maucher at [email protected] , include pictures, questions and names of the species you “guess” you found.

Long Island Horseshoe Crab Network Annual Inventory Report, Cercom, Molloy University, John Tanacredi Ph.D., Kyle F. Maurelli

CERCOM Reports

CERCOM conducts monitoring of 111 beach locations spanning from Brooklyn to Montauk during the optimal breeding season of Limulus polyphemus. These surveys span approximately 15 weeks, commencing in May and concluding in August. Each beach location is meticulously marked with GPS coordinates to ensure consistent annual revisitation. Participation in these surveys necessitates attendance at an HSC Survey training orientation, led by Mr. Key Maurelli, CERCOM's research assistant.

Investigation Of A Recent Landslide In Fort Smith, Arkansas, D. Mayo, M.J. Thomas, A. Burns, J. Pruitt, P. Karr

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A morphologically youthful slope failure, herein referred to as the Landfill Landslide, was identified in a remote section of the City of Fort Smith Landfill, and permission was obtained to investigate. The slide on a deforested, NW-facing 27% slope beneath a linear head scarp about 200 meters long. One end of the head scarp curves abruptly downhill and transforms into a distinct lateral scarp greater than 100 meters long. The surface of the slide is about 24,000 m2 (6 acres) in area and is easily distinguished from adjacent intact slopes by its hummocky morphology and transverse ridges and valleys. The …

Determination Of Fatty Acid Concentrations In Various Strains Of Freshwater Green Picoplankton Algae (Class Eustigmatophyceae), P. Ashcraft, R. Jacks, B. Martinez, J. Rodriguez, A.B. Burns, A. Gurnsey, L. Taylor, A. Teague, J. Totty, V.L. Fox, A. Williams

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Algae are of scientific and commercial interest due to their ease of culture and high fatty acid content. The extracted fatty acids from these phytoplankton may potentially be used as an additional test for phylogenetic classification of new algal strains (Tonon et al. 2002), as well as in a supplement for human consumption and producing next-generation biofuels. Of interest is the fatty acid content contained within various algal isolates within the class Eustigmatophyceae. Algal strains were collected and isolated from locations in Lake Chicot in Arkansas, Tower Pond and Lake Itasca at Itasca State Park in Minnesota, and Thayer Lake …

Journal Of The Arkansas Academy Of Science Volume 77, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Determining Mating Type And Species Of A Natural Isolate Of Dictyostelium Using Molecular Techniques And Sexual Crosses, S.N. Baviskar, C. Catron, H. Jenkins, M. Smith

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Cellular slime molds, Dictyostelium, are bactivorous, soil-dwelling amoebae. When food is available, cells reproduce asexually by binary fission. Under certain environmental conditions, such as darkness and humidity, Dictyostelium reproduces sexually. The sexual cycle is uniquely social and has unusual features. First, sexual reproduction in most eukaryotes usually involves fusion of two gametes. But, in Dictyostelium, triparental inheritance is observed (Bloomfield et al. 2019), in which gamete fusion involves more than two gametes. Second, most eukaryotic species have two sexes or mating types, but Dictyostelium species are known to have more than two mating types. Even though Dictyostelium species show variations …

Noteworthy Parasites (Trematoda, Cestoda, Phthiraptera) Of Three Birds (Aves: Passeriformes; Pelecaniformes; Piciformes) From Arkansas, C.T. Mcallister, H.W. Robison

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Between November 2020 and March 2021, three species of birds, one each of a tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), pileated woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), and great blue heron (Ardea herodias) were salvaged from Lawrence and Polk counties, Arkansas, and examined for parasites. Found were four taxa of parasites, including a dicrocoeliid trematode, a cyclophyllidean cestode, and species of philopterid and menoponid lice. We document new host and distributional records for these parasites from select birds of the state.

Spermiogenesis In The Western Siren, Siren Nettingi (Caudata: Sirenidae), S.E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

I investigated spermiogenesis in the Western Siren, Siren nettingi (formerly Western Lesser Siren, Siren intermedia nettingi) from salamanders collected periodically over a span of 21 yr (1994–2015) in northeastern Arkansas. My primary objective in this study is to present histologically and ultrastructurally, for the first time, the novel sequence of spermatological events of the spermiogenic process in this species. I describe the transformational stages from secondary spermatocytes to mature biflagellated spermatozoa, all of which occur within the lumen of testicular lobules. These new-to-science processes begin with nuclear displacement and expansion within spermatids, which occur after their detachment from Sertoli cells …

Histomorphology Of The Distal Urogenital Ducts In The Male Northern Crawfish Frog, Rana Areolata Circulosa (Anura: Ranidae), S.E. Trauth, R.G. Neal

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We examined the microanatomy of the distal urogenital ducts in the male Northern Crawfish Frog (Rana areolata circulosa) from a small sample (n = 5) collected in February and March from central Arkansas over a 5-year period (2017–2022). Specifically, we sought information on the following structures: (1) the paired Wolffian (urogenital) ducts caudally from the kidneys to their merging with the urodeum of the cloaca, (2) the paired seminal vesicles (sperm storage structures), and (3) the paired Müllerian ducts and glands. This study provides new information on these urogenital ducts and promotes a clearer understanding of this anatomical region for …

No Sperm Morphometric Differences Between Two Snapping Turtle Species, J.D. Konvalina, S.E. Trauth

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

We examined sperm morphometrics between Chelydra serpentina and Macrochelys temminckii. When both species are combined, we found significant correlations between total sperm length and sperm head length as well as sperm tail length and sperm head length. In addition, we observed significant correlations between total sperm length and sperm tail length. T-tests revealed no significant differences in any of the sperm morphometrics between the two species. Both snapping turtle species had greater values for every sperm morphometric when compared to another freshwater turtle. The strong correlation between total sperm length and sperm tail length is concurrent with what has previously …

Keynote Address And Meeting Program, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Instructions To Authors, Academy Editors

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Magnetic Anomaly Data Products Of The Central And Eastern United States, Dhananjay Ravat

Earth and Environmental Sciences Research Data

This data set contains Central and Eastern U.S. Magnetic Anomaly, DRTP, Tilt Derivative, and Analytic Signal Amplitude Products ultimately derived from Ravat, D., Finn, C., Hill, P., Kucks, R., Phillips, J., Blakely, R., Bouligand, C., Sabaka, T., Elshayat, A., Aref, A., and Elawadi, E., 2009, A preliminary, full spectrum, magnetic anomaly grid of the United States with improved long wavelengths for studying continental dynamics--A website for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 2009–1258, 2 p.

Magnetotelluric Insights Into The Formation And Reactivation Of Trans-Crustal Shear Zones In Precambrian Basement Of The Eastern U.S. Midcontinent, Benjamin S. Murphy, Michael S. Delucia, Stephen Marshak, Dhananjay Ravat, Paul A. Bedrosian

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

Three-dimensional inversion of regional long-period magnetotelluric (MT) data re- veals the presence of two distinct sets of high-conductivity belts in the Precambrian basement of the eastern U.S. Midcontinent. One set, beneath Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and western Ohio, is defined by northwest– southeast-oriented conductivity structures; the other set, beneath Kentucky, West Vir- ginia, western Virginia, and eastern Ohio, in- cludes structures that are generally oriented northeast–southwest. The northwest-trend- ing belts occur mainly in Paleoproterozoic crust, and we suggest that their high con- ductivity values are due to graphite precipi- tated within trans-crustal shear zones from intrusion-related CO2-rich fluids. Our MT inversion …

Terrestrial Ecosystem Transformations In Response To Rapid Climate Change During The Last Deglaciation Around Mono Lake, California, Usa, Adam J. Benfield, Sarah J. Ivory, Bailee Nicole Hodelka, Susan R. H. Zimmerman, Michael M. Mcglue

Earth and Environmental Sciences Faculty Publications

We examine major reorganizations of the terrestrial ecosystem around Mono Lake, California during the last deglacial period from 16,000–9,000 cal yr BP using pollen, microcharcoal, and coprophilous fungal spores (Sporormiella) from a deep-water sediment core. The pollen results record the assemblage, decline, and replacement of a mixed wooded community of Sierran and Great Basin taxa with Alkali Sink and Sagebrush Steppe biomes around Mono Lake. In particular, the enigmatic presence of Sequoiadendron-type pollen and its extirpation during the early Holocene hint at substantial biogeographic reorganizations on the Sierran-Great Basin ecotone during deglaciation. Rapid regional hydroclimate changes produced structural alterations in …

Eocene To Oligocene Cooling And Ice Growth Based On The Geochemistry Of Interglacial Mudstones From The East Antarctic Continental Shelf, Jennifer J. Light, Sandra Passchier

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

The Eocene-Oligocene Transition at c. 34 million years ago (Ma) marked the global change from greenhouse to icehouse and the establishment of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS). How the ice-sheet behaviour changed during interglacials across this climate transition is poorly understood. We analysed major, trace and rare earth elemental data of late Eocene interglacial mudstone from Prydz Bay at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1166 and early Oligocene interglacial mudstone from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1360 on the Wilkes Land continental shelf. Both sites have comparable glaciomarine depositional settings. Lithofacies and provenance at Site 1166 in Prydz Bay are …

Modeling Monthly Actual Evapotranspiration: An Application Of Geographically Weighted Regression Technique In The Passaic River Basin, Felix Oteng Mensah, Clement Aga Alo

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Actual evapotranspiration (ET) is perhaps the most difficult quantity to directly measure among the major water balance components. Because of the high cost and labor constraints associated with the direct measurement of ET, empirical data-driven modeling has frequently been used to estimate ET. Beyond the widely used traditional type regression that has the effect of producing ‘global’ parameter estimates, assumed to be uniform throughout an area, we utilized a more localized spatially non-stationary technique - the geographically weighted regression (GWR) - to estimate mean monthly ET in the Passaic River Basin (PRB). We identified the key environmental controls of ET …

Geological And Environmental Sciences - 2023, Dept. Of Geological And Environmental Sciences

Geological and Environmental Sciences News

• Greetings from the Department Chair
• Faculty Updates
• MGRRE Updates
• MGS Updates
• Geosciences Advisory Council
• 2023 Distinguished Alumni Franklyn Legall
• Student Clubs
• Awards and Honors, 2023
• Department Graduates
• Publications 2022–23
• Gifts and Donors

Accuracy Assessment Of The Ebee Using Rtk And Ppk Corrections Methods As A Function Of Distance To A Gnss Base Station, Joseph Cerreta, David Thirtyacre, Peter Miller, Scott S. Burgess, William J. Austin

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The use of unmanned aircraft systems to collect data for photogrammetry models has grown significantly in recent years. The accuracy of a photogrammetric model can depend on image georeferencing. The distance from a reference base station can affect the accuracy of the results. Positioning corrections data relies on precise timing measurements of satellite signals. The signals travel through the Earth's atmosphere, which introduces errors due to ionospheric and tropospheric delays. The aim of this research was to examine the eBee X and its global GNSS accuracy by comparing the RTK and PPK methods at different base station distances in photogrammetry …

Historical And Forecasted Kentucky Specific Slope Stability Analyses Using Remotely Retrieved Hydrologic And Geomorphologic Data, Daniel M. Francis

Theses and Dissertations--Civil Engineering

Hazard analyses of rainfall-induced landslides have typically been observed to experience a lack of inclusion of measurements of soil moisture within a given soil layer at a site of interest. Soil moisture is a hydromechanical variable capable of both strength gains and reductions within soil systems. However, in situ monitoring of soil moisture at every site of interest is an unfeasible goal. Therefore, spatiotemporal estimates of soil moisture that are representative of in-situ conditions are required for use in subsequent landslide hazard analyses.

This study brings together various techniques for the acquisition, modeling, and forecasting of spatiotemporal retrievals of soil …

Soil Moisture And Geomorphologic Data For Use In Dynamic And Forecastable Landslide Hazard Analyses In Eastern Kentucky, Daniel M. Francis, L. Sebastian Bryson

Civil Engineering Research Data

These data are the geomorphologic and land information system-based soil moisture estimates from assimilation of NASA SMAP satellite-based observations and NOAH 3.6 Land Surface Model estimates over known landslides in Eastern Kentucky. Additionally Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network and logistic regression machine learning codes, as well as an Application programming interface code are included. Finally, in-situ data from Eastern Kentucky is included.