Earth Sciences Commons^™

Structural Interpretation And Petrophysical Approach For Subsurface Fractureidentification Of Joya Mair Area, Nw-Himalayas, Pakistan, Palwasha Shahzad Rathore, Muhammad Armaghan Faisal Miraj, Muhammad Bilal Malik, Sher Afgan, Rana Faizan Saleem, Shan Shahzad, Irza Akhtar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Identification of fracture zone is a challenging task without the image log data. There are many brownfields around the world where the image log has not been acquired; therefore, there must be an alternative way of fracture identification. In this paper, a conventional log response technique for fracture delineation has been discussed. The study area lies in the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan, which is sub-divided into the Kohat and Potwar basins. Minwal-X-1 of Joya Mair area, which lies in the Potwar Basin, is selected for this purpose. Eocene limestone units are formed due to fracture porosity. The objective of …

No Sand Shipment For Cleopatra By Antonius: Resedimentary Origin For The Ooidal Sand Beach Of Sedir Island (Aegean Coast Of Sw Anatolia), Mehmet Ci̇hat Alçi̇çek

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

Middle-Late Devonian Boundary Conodonts From Anarak And Sar-Ashk Sections, Centraliran, Hossein Gholamalian, Vachik Hairapetian, Mohammad Poosti

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Middle/Late Devonian boundary is investigated based on twenty-four conodont species and subspecies from the Anarak and Sar-Ashk sections in the northwest and southeast of Central East Iran Microplate. The earliest Frasnian strata are defined by the first appearance of Ancyrodella rotundiloba pristina and can be correlated with the global stratotype in the Montagne Noir, South of France. The Late Givetian - Early Frasnian carbonates of the Bahram Formation in the Sar-Ashk section transgressively overlie the sandstones of the Padeha Formation, whereas the coeval interval in the Anarak section composes the middle part of the Bahram Formation. Conodont biostratigraphy of …

Geochemical And Petrographic Approach For The Origin Of The Limestone Blocks Of Thewalls Of The Great Temple Of Hattusha, Çorum (N-Turkey), İsmai̇l Ömer Yilmaz, Andreas Schachner, İbrahi̇m Tonguç Uysal, Ezgi̇ Ünal İmer

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The socle stones of the Great Temple in the Lower City of the Hittite capital city, Hattusha (Çorum Province) have been studied for the first time by petrographic and geochemical analysis (Sr isotope, stable isotope, and trace element geochemistry). Study objectives were to determine the carbonate facies of the stone samples used in the Great Temple and investigate their possible sources. Petrographic analysis of 10 limestone samples presents five clusters of different microfacies. Stable isotope (δ13C and δ18O) analysis displayed the presence of 5 groups in parallel with petrographic analysis. Trace element analysis of the same groups displayed considerable difference …

Stratigraphic Correlation Of The Givetian (Late Middle Devonian) Deposits In Qujing,Yunnan, Southwestern China And The Paleogeographic Implications, Jianhua Wang, Yunchuan Mi, Xiaorou Ma, Yukun Bi

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Detailed description of spatio-temporal framework of fossil-bearing strata is of fundamental significance for understanding the evolution of organisms and regional tectonics. The Qujing and Haikou formations are two lithological units exposed in eastern Yunnan, southwestern China, and both bear rich fossils indicative of a Middle Devonian age, while their relationship or lateral correlation remains unclear. Based on detailed observations of outcrops of these two formations in Qujing, eastern Yunnan, and as well as their typical rock characteristics and fossil contents, we propose that the two formations are basically contemporaneous heterotopic facies. From north to south of the Qujing area, the …

Skill Assessment Of A High Resolution (1/72 Degree) Black Sea Ocean Model, Bi̇lge Tutak

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The skill of a high-resolution Black Sea circulation model (ROMS) is assessed using the available satellite and field data for Sea Surface Height Anomaly (SSHA), Sea Surface Temperature, and CTD profiles. The model is configured to simulate the 9-year period between 2012 and 2021. The model's skill is assessed using standard analytical methods for error calculation such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation. Additionally, the model results are assessed using several more recent methods such as the relative operating characteristic (ROC). The results show that the model is capable of simulating daily mean SSHA with an RMSE value …

The Active Fault Pattern Based On Morphotectonic And Structural Data In The South Ofulubat Lake And The Susurluk Valley Along The Southern Branch Of North Anatolian Faultzone: A Criticism Of The Bend Model In Northwest Anatolia, Gürol Seyi̇toğlu, Korhan Esat

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Field observations and morphotectonic evaluations on the south of Ulubat Lake and the Susurluk valley show that the dominant active fault pattern consists of northeast-southwest and east northeast-west southwest right-lateral faults and northwestsoutheast normal faults developing between these strike-slip faults. We redefined the active faults in the south of Ulubat Lake and discovered that these northeast-southwest right-lateral faults control the route of Susurluk River. Based on these discoveries and evaluations, we can claim that the "bend model" previously proposed for the region is not valid, as seen in the Mustafakemalpaşa Fault and Balıkesir-Kepsut Fault examples. Instead, we suggest that the …

Further Contribution To The Early Miocene Woody Flora Of Galatian Volcanic Provincefrom Doğanyurt Village, Ankara (Turkey), Ünal Akkemi̇k, Stanila Iamandei, Hakan Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Galatian Volcanic Province (GVP) located in central-north Anatolia had a rich woody flora. The purpose of the present study is to contribute to the early Miocene woody flora of the GVP from two fossil sites from Doğanyurt Village of the city of Beypazarı in the Province of Ankara. The fossil sites, which are near to each other, have small pieces of fossil woods. Total 16 fossil woods were collected from two neighbour sites. Three thin sections as transversal, tangential and radial sections from each sample were taken, and they were identified microscopically. As a result, ten fossil species were …

The Provenance Of Coarse-Grained Turbidite Sandstones In The Kırkgeçit Formation(Western Part Of The Elazığ Basin-East Turkey), Onur Alkaç, Ercan Aksoy

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Modal analysis of sandstones for conglomerate rich marine basins is useful for investigating the provenance types surrounded by plate tectonics. Different kinds of siliciclastic rocks are important indicators for defining the paleogeography and geotectonic conditions of the sedimentary basin by provenance analysis. This paper, which focuses on the petrography and provenance of conglomerate rich turbidite systems, is one of the rarest studies on the sedimentary characteristics in the scientific literature. In this context, the study was carried out in the western part of the Elazığ Basin. The Middle Eocene?Oligocene basin infill called the Kırkgeçit Formation is characterised by the conglomerate …

Growth Of The Imbrication Zone Along The Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt: Evidencefrom Fission Track Thermochronology From Gölbaşı Region (Se Turkey), Yusuf Topak

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

One of the major components of continental collision zones is their imbricated zones. Such a zone along the Southeast Anatolian Orogenic Belt (SAOB) is solely controlled by a still-active convergence and accretion system between the Anatolian Plate and Arabian platform since at least Late Cretaceous. The zone is characterized by NEE/SWW-trending, northward-dipping thrust slices that are squeezed between the Tauride Block to the north and the Arabian platform to the south. The units cropping out within the zone comprise Neo-Tethysrelated magmatic, ophiolitic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks with Late Cretaceous to Miocene formation/metamorphism ages. The Karanlıkdere granitoid intrudes into Late Cretaceous …

Updated Geochemical And Geothermometry Study On Ömer-Gecek Geothermal Area (Afyonkarahisar/Turkey), Can Başaran, Yusuf Ulutürk, Ahmet Yildiz

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Ömer-Gecek region, one of the most critical geothermal areas of Afyonkarahisar, together with Western Anatolia, serves as a model for the integrated use of geothermal waters. As a result of the analysis made on the samples collected from the newly drilled wells, the chemical composition of the Ömer-Gecek geothermal waters, with a max temperature of 125 °C, has been determined as Na-Cl. The primary hydrochemical process affecting the chemical composition is silicate weathering. All the applied geothermometer methods showed that the water's maximum reservoir temperature was 120-130 °C. The calcite, dolomite, and aragonite minerals tend to precipitate. When compared …

Holocene Sedimentary History Of South Danamandıra Lake: A Peatland In West Of İstanbul, Çatalca Peninsula, Nw Turkey, Özlem Makaroğlu, Melda Küçükdemi̇rci̇, Nurgül Karlioğlu, Dursun Acar, Ali̇ Gürel, Rüya Yilmaz Dağdevi̇ren, Nuretti̇n Yakupoğlu, Asen Sabuncu, Damla Şahi̇n Altun, Mustafa Ömer Karaöz, Memet Namik Çağatay

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This study investigates the sedimentological evolution of the South Danamandıra Lake (SDL) lake in Çatalca Peninsula, 70 km west of İstanbul, using Georadar data and multiproxy analyses of five sediment cores. The lake is a 1.3-m deep, endorheic freshwater peatland, heavily colonised by common reed (Phragmites sp.). The multiproxy core investigations include a lithological core description and environmental magnetism, physical properties (gamma density and magnetic susceptibility), geochemical elemental, pollen and radiocarbon dating analyses. The lithological sequence in the lake consists of an upper peat unit and a lower sand-silt-clay unit. The peat unit is characterized by lower magnetic susceptibility, density …

Sedimentary Records Of Trace Elements Contamination In Sediment Core From The Gulf Of Gemlik, Marmara Sea, Turkey: History, Contamination Degree, And Sources, Tuğçe Nagi̇han Arslan Kaya, Erol Sari, Mehmet Ali̇ Kurt

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The pollution history of aluminum (Al), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and mercury (Hg) were evaluated using geochemical and sedimentological properties of two sediment cores. The MD22A contained a mass-flow unit and two coccolith units. The upper coccolith was characterized by high organic matter, but it was relatively depleted in terms of all studied elements, suggesting dilution by high inorganic carbon. In the mass-flow unit, the relatively high Cr, Co, Zn, and Hg levels suggested additional contamination sources from the Kocadere Stream and Kocasu River. The ranges of Al, Cr, Co, Cu, Hg, Pb, and …

A History Of Pistacia Lentiscus And Pinus Brutia Trees And Their Ecological Changes In The Güllük Bay (Muğla, Sw Turkey) During The Last 400 Years, Demet Bi̇lteki̇n, Georg Schwamborn, Kürşad Kadi̇r Eri̇ş, Dursun Acar, Bi̇kem Ekberzade, Zahra Hashemi̇, Nuretti̇n Yakupoğlu, Ali̇ Mohammadi̇, Ömer Yetemen

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

In this study, we present pollen records together with a multiproxy analysis from a sediment core collected from the Güllük Bay (Bargilya Cove, Muğla, SW Turkey), covering the last 400 years. Pistachio shrubland was occupying around the Güllük Bay between 1613 and 1741 AD. However, after 1741 AD, the vegetation canopy suddenly changed and Turkish pine (Pinus brutia) was established. This supports that the main factor affecting the expansion of Pistacia lentiscus was precipitation rather than temperature after 1741 AD. This change is also indicated by high Sr-Ca values, reflecting arid conditions. Two anthropogenic phases developed in the region. The …

Tectonomagmatic Reconstruction Of The Upper Mesozoic-Cenozoic Neotethyan Arcs In The Lut Block, East Iran: A Review And Synthesis, Reza Arjmandzadeh, Saeed Alirezaei, Alireza Almasi

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Lut Block in east Iran with a widespread record of arc-type Mesozoic-Cenozoic magmatic rocks is bordered by the Birjand (Sistan) ophiolitic assemblage to the east and the Sabzevar ophiolitic assemblage to the north. The nature and tectonomagmatic setting of these sutures and associated arcs are controversial. The geochemical attributes of the Upper Cretaceous-Paleogene intrusive and extrusive rocks in the central (CLB) and the northern Lut block (NLB) and in the Sabzevar ophiolite zone (SOZ), Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline and adakitic rocks to the east of the Sistan suture (CAS), and the Bazman intrusives to the west are consistent with a …

Devonian Parathuramminids From Taurides, Southern Turkey, Recep Özkan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Devonian shallow marine carbonate rocks of the Taurides (southern Turkey) host rich and diverse faunal assemblages of foraminifera including unilocular organisms of the family Parathuramminidae. This study allowed investigating the calcareous unilocular parathuramminid fauna obtained from three measured stratigraphic sections Halevikdere, Kocadere and Eceli in addition to one detailed, shorter section measured along the Halevikdere section. The investigation revealed that the parathuramminid species, which commonly occur in lagoonal environments, are widely distributed throughout the studied sections. They mostly exist in limestone beds deposited in a time interval from Middle Devonian (Eifelian) to Late Devonian (Frasnian). However, their richness and diversity …

Droughtscape, Winter 2022, National Drought Mitigation Center

DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)

DroughtScape, Winter 2022

Environmental And Societal Impacts In New England Following A Potential Yellowstone Eruption, Serena L. Butler

Honors Theses and Capstones

Yellowstone National Park is famously known for its history of “super-volcano” eruptions. From the evidence of volcanic deposits, scientists know that the ash cloud that erupted from Yellowstone covered most of the western U.S. states, but until recently, models have not shown the ash could also have reached eastern states. The scope of this investigation is to determine what would happen to New England if Yellowstone were to erupt today in terms of health, agriculture, transportation, relocation, economy, and climate. In order to do so, three significant eruptions during human history are considered as case studies in order to compare …

Dynamic Restoration And The Impact Of Native Versus Invasive Vegetation On Coastal Foredune Morphodynamics, Lanphere Dunes, California, Usa, Zach Hilgendorf, Ian J. Walker, Andrea J. Pickart, Craig M. Turner

Local Reports and Publications

The Lanphere Dunes, part of the Humboldt Bay National Wildlife Refuge, has been the focus of foredune restoration efforts since the 1980s. Efforts have centred around removal of an invasive European beach grass species, Ammophila arenaria, introduced in the early 1900s to stabilize the dunes to protect landward communities from coastal flooding and storm surges. Despite effectively stabilizing the foredune, A. arenaria forms monotypic vegetation stands, with highly dense roots, rhizomes, and above-ground biomass that can lead to pronounced scarping of the seaward slope, alongshore steering of wind and sediment, a lack of landward transfer of sand, and a …

Changes In Bark Properties And Hydrology Following Prescribed Fire, Courtney Siegert, Anna Ilek, Adam Wade

CFR Publications

No abstract provided.

Surficial Geologic Map Of The Constantine 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, Kentucky, Maxwell L. Hammond Iii, Antonia E. Bottoms, Matthew Massey, Emily Morris, Michele Mchugh

Contract Reports--KGS

The Constantine 7.5-minute quadrangle is located west of Elizabethtown along the boundary of Hardin and Breckinridge Counties. The quadrangle lies along the northern section of the Dripping Springs Escarpment, which separates the Mammoth Cave Plateau and Pennyroyal regions of the Mississippian Sinkhole Plain physiographic province (McFarlan, 1943). Topography is mostly characterized by high-elevation plateaus, ridges, and knobs of the Mammoth Cave Plateau (up to 919 ft), which have been intensely dissected by the Rough River and its tributaries (down to 516 ft). A small area of the Pennyroyal extends into the eastern part of the quadrangle, which is marked by …

Nitrogen Use Efficiency Trends For Sustainable Crop Productivity In Lake Victoria Basin: Smallholder Farmers' Perspectives On Nitrogen Cycling, Winnie Ntinyari, Joseph Gweyi-Onyango, Mekonnen Giweta, Benson Mochoge, James Mutegi, Generose Nziguheba, Cargele Masso

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) is one of the established metrics for benchmarking management of Nitrogen (N) in various systems. Numerous approaches to calculateNUEexist, making it difficult to compare the performances of systems depending on the methodology used. This study adopted the conceptualized framework by European Union Nitrogen Expert Panel (EUNEP) to calculateNUE values for cereal crops to determine future trends for the first time in the Lake Victoria region. Data were collected through in-person interviews among maize and rice smallholder farmers within the Lake Victoria region. Atotal of 293 observations were recorded. Collected data on yield andNfertilizer were used to …

Stratospheric Aerosol Composition Observed By The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Following The 2019 Raikoke Eruption, Chris D. Boone, Peter F. Bernath, Keith Labelle, Jeff Crouse

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Infrared aerosol spectra derived from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment measurements following the June 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption are used to evaluate the composition of stratospheric aerosols in the Arctic. A blanket of aerosols, spanning an altitude range from the tropopause (8–11 km) to 20 km, persisted in the stratosphere over northern latitudes for many months. The aerosols within this blanket were almost exclusively sulfates. The percentage of sulfuric acid in the aerosols decreased over time, dropping below 50% H₂SO₄ concentration at some altitudes by March 2020. Contrary to previous reports, the aerosol blanket was not comprised of smoke …

College Of Natural Sciences Newsletter, January 2022, College Of Natural Sciences

College of Natural Sciences Newsletters and Reports

Volume 3, Issue 1

Page 1 Dean's Message
Page 2 Awards & Recognition
Page 3 Outreach in Harrisburg, SD
Page 4 Geography Alumni Named Among 'Highly Cited Researchers', 53rd Annual Geography Convention
Page 5 Geography Convention Speakers, Brookings/SDSU Day
Page 6 Media Coverage of Natural Sciences
Page 7 Open PRAIRIE Data
Page 8 Fall 2021 Dean's List
Page 9 Fall 2021 Dean's List, cont.

Using Remote Sensing And Machine Learning To Locate Groundwater Discharge To Salmon-Bearing Streams, Mary E. Gerlach, Kai C. Rains, Edgar J. Guerrón-Orejuela, William J. Kleindl, Joni Downs, Shawn M. Landry, Mark C. Rains

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

We hypothesized topographic features alone could be used to locate groundwater discharge, but only where diagnostic topographic signatures could first be identified through the use of limited field observations and geologic data. We built a geodatabase from geologic and topographic data, with the geologic data only covering ~40% of the study area and topographic data derived from airborne LiDAR covering the entire study area. We identified two types of groundwater discharge: shallow hillslope groundwater discharge, commonly manifested as diffuse seeps, and aquifer-outcrop groundwater discharge, commonly manifested as springs. We developed multistep manual procedures that allowed us to accurately predict the …

Variable Element Enrichment Sources And Contributions To Volcanic Rocks Along The Lesser Antilles Island Arc, Zachary D. Atlas, Aurélie Germa, Brenna Boss, Osvaldo Meireles, Ami Ward, Jeffrey G. Ryan

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Understanding relationships between different components involved in subduction-related recycling of sediment at arc volcanic systems has long been a focus of study. It is generally understood that volcanic arc lavas incorporate materials from the down-going slab including fluids, fluid mobile elements (FME), and fluid modified large ion lithophile elements (LILE), largely derived from subducted sediments and serpentinized ultramafic rocks. Past studies have presumed bulk sediment contributions rather than addressing localized variations in sediment composition. We examine trace element variability along the Lesser Antilles Island Arc (LAIA) and show that sediment inputs via fluid transfer to the mantle wedge are necessary …

Under The Surface: Pressure-Induced Planetary-Scale Waves, Volcanic Lightning, And Gaseous Clouds Caused By The Submarine Eruption Of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano, David A. Yuen, Melissa A. Scruggs, Frank J. Spera, Yingcai Zheng, Hao Hu, Stephen R. Mcnutt, Glenn Thompson, Kyle Mandli, Barry R. Keller, Songqiao Shawn Wei, Zhigang Peng, Zili Zhou, Francesco Mulargia, Yuichiro Tanioka

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached—at 58 km—the Earth's mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods …

A Deep Active Learning Approach To The Automatic Classification Of Volcano-Seismic Events, Grace F. Manley, Tamsin A. Mather, David M. Pyle, David A. Clifton, Mel Rodgers, Glenn Thompson, John Makario Londoño

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Volcano-seismic event classification represents a fundamental component of volcanic monitoring. Recent advances in techniques for the automatic classification of volcano-seismic events using supervised deep learning models achieve high accuracy. However, these deep learning models require a large, labelled training dataset to successfully train a generalisable model. We develop an approach to volcano-seismic event classification making use of active learning, where a machine learning model actively selects the training data which it learns from. We apply a diversity-based active learning approach, which works by selecting new training points which are most dissimilar from points already in the model according to a …

Spatial Variation Of Subduction Zone Fluids During Progressive Subduction: Insights From Serpentinite Mud Volcanoes, Catriona D. Menzies, Roy E. Price, Jeffrey Ryan, Olivier Sissmann, Ken Takai, C. Geoffrey Wheat

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Geological processes at subduction zones control seismicity, plutonism and volcanism, and geochemical cycling between the oceans, crust, and mantle. The down-going plate experiences metamorphism, and the associated dehydration and fluid flow alters the physical properties of the plate interface and mantle wedge, as well as controlling the composition of material descending into the mantle. Any direct study of slab evolution during subduction is inhibited by the prohibitive depths at which these processes occur. To examine these processes we use serpentinite mud volcanoes in the Mariana forearc, that permit sampling of serpentinite materials and their pore waters that …

Under The Surface: Pressure-Induced Planetary-Scale Waves, Volcanic Lightning, And Gaseous Clouds Caused By The Submarine Eruption Of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’Apai Volcano Provide An Excellent Research Opportunity, David A. Yuen, Melissa A. Scruggs, Frank J. Spera, Yingcai Zheng, Hao Hu, Stephen R. Mcnutt, Glenn Thompson, Kyle Mandli, Barry R. Keller, Songqiao Shawn Wei, Zhigang Peng, Zili Zhou, Francesco Mulargia, Yuichiro Tanioka

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached—at 58 km—the Earth’s mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, …