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The Type And Quantity Of Plant Litter Influences The Plant Functional Group Growth In An Alpine Meadow, Zhouwen Ma, Fujiang Hou

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Plant functional group (PFG) diversity in a grassland is an important measure of productivity and health. Litter is known to be major driving factors of soil-grass feedbacks in natural grassland. The shift in PFG composition is a significant change that can result many ecological consequences such as litter composition and dynamics (Dong et al., 2019). Decomposition of litter can affect the nutrient and allelochemicals cycling of soil, which affects seed germination and establishment of seedlings (Yuan et al., 2015). Furthermore, PFG characteristics can vary via inputs of the quality or quantity of litter (Galvánek & Lepš, 2012). These compositional changes …

The Functional Importance Of Forbs In Grassland Ecosystems, F. Siebert, C. Morris, S. Chamane, N. Ntuli, S. J. Siebert

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbaceous vegetation in grassland ecosystems is characterised by grass dominance in a species-rich forb-grass mixture. Forbs (i.e. the non-graminoid herbaceous component) represent the largest proportion of total species- and functional richness, which secure important ecosystem functions. Although grasses remain the most important forage source, certain forb species provide nutritious food sources for herbivores. Moreover, forbs provide food- and habitat sources to enhance invertebrate diversity and hence, agricultural food security through the maintenance of healthy pollinator communities. Important food and medicinal sources for human livelihoods in developing countries are also largely contributed by forbs. However, the dynamics and ecology of forb …

The Effects Of Chemical And Mechanical Control Of Woody Plants On Resprouting And Seedling Production In Communal Rangelands, P. Monegi, N. R. Mkhize, T. J. Tjelele, D. Ward, Z. Tsvuura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In many African countries, communal rangelands are threatened by woody plant encroachment. We sought to explore potential solutions for communal ranchers that would be cost-effective. We conducted two field experiments to determine (1) the effects of various tree removal treatments (10%, 20%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and herbicide application on resprouting ability and vigour of several woody plant species; and (2) the effectiveness of Tree Poppers® (a weed wrench) as a low-cost mechanical control tool to physically uproot seedlings and saplings of woody species. In the first experiment, we examined 12 plant species from 20 plots (30 m x 30 …

‘Cachena’, A Bovine Rustic Portuguese Extensively Reared Autochthonous Breed: Meat Texture Analysis, M. E. Potes, S. Ricardo-Rodrigues, M. Laranjo, A. C. Agulheiro-Santos, M. Elias

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

‘Cachena’ is one of the world’s smallest bovine breeds. Extremely rustic and wild, they are extensively reared, and fed with natural pastures. Meat valorisation is essential to preserve this breed, with a limited livestock.

‘Cachena’’s meat is tender, juicy, low-fat, and highly appreciated due to the association of animal, terroir and producer, balanced by the ecosystem’s sustainability.

The aim of this study was to increase the weight of Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Psoas major (PM) muscles, without depreciating their sensory quality.

Two groups of 16 animals were slaughtered: (A) 9-17 months old animals with 140-225 kg slaughter live weight (SLW); …

Assessing Feed Gaps On Smallholder Livestock Farms In Limpopo: Production System And Coping Strategies, S. A. Lamega, M. Komainda, M. P. Hoffmann, J. J. Odhiambo, K. K. Ayisi, J. Isselstein

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Smallholder farms in southern Africa are predominantly mixed crop-livestock systems and often characterized by low productivity. Therefore, providing sufficient forage becomes a challenge that results first in feed gaps, i.e. the difference between the demand for and supply of forage, and secondly, in nutrient mining of the soil due to the overuse of the resources. However, the availability of forage follows potentially seasonal patterns. Hence, a key entry point for any intervention strategies for improvement is an assessment of forage quantity and quality throughout the year. Against this background, we investigated six locations, smallholders’ cattle production systems and their adaptation …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.

Application Of Borehole Transient Electromagnetic Method In Detecting The Cross-Border Mining Goaf, Fan Tao, Li Ping, Zhao Zhao, Li Wei, Zhao Rui, Zhang Peng, Yao Weihua, Li Yuteng, Fang Zhe

Coal Geology & Exploration

Cross-border mining in underground coal mines disrupts the order of coal resource development, and has huge hidden safety danger. Accurate detection of goafs caused by cross-border mining and their boundaries is extremely important for safe mining. Conventional mine transient electromagnetic detection methods are susceptible to interference from metal and electromagnetic signals in the roadway, and its detection accuracy is limited, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of accurate interpretation of goaf boundary. For the purpose of solving this problem, a drilling transient electromagnetic method and construction technology for transmitting and receiving signals in drilling is proposed to increase …

Research On Key Technologies Of The Zdy25000ldk Intelligent Directional Drilling Equipment, Fang Peng, Yao Ke, Wang Longpeng, Zhang Rui, Meng Rui, Wang Song, Shao Junjie, Liu Pu

Coal Geology & Exploration

It is the most direct and effective method to extract coalbed methane by drilling along the coal seam and high-level drilling on the roof for comprehensive treatment of coalbed methane in underground coal mines. Improving the drilling speed of directional drilling and the drilling encounter rate in the coal seam of uneven thickness with large fluctuation, reducing the labor intensity of the personnel, enhancing the ability to prevent drilling accidents, and adapting to the intelligent development needs of coal mines, the intelligent drilling equipment for long-distance directional drilling in coal mines are all the important problems to be solved in …

Design And Implementation Of The Geological Guarantee System Architecture Based On Microservices, Li Peng, Cheng Jianyuan

Coal Geology & Exploration

The geological guarantee system is very important for safety production in coal mines. In view of the problems faced by the software development of the system, such as diverse data sources, inconsistent language for integrated development of the geological monitoring system and poor adaptability of the geological support platform in different coal mines caused by customized software development, a three-tier development architecture of the geological support system based on microservices is proposed, which includes an application tier, a platform tier and an infrastructure tier. On the basis of the microservices, the integrated development process of the geological support system is …

Influential Factors Of The Electromagnetic Wave Instrument While Drilling In Coal Seam Horizontal Wells And Resistivity Simulation Calculation, Chen Gang, Zhang Jiguan, Li Quanxin, Liu Zhiyi

Coal Geology & Exploration

In order to figure out the influential factors of the detection by the electromagnetic wave instrument while drilling in coal seam horizontal wells, we studied the impacts of roof and floor surrounding rock resistivity, instrument eccentricity, coal seam borehole collapse and coal seam thickness on the measurement of resistivity through finite element numerical simulation. The resistivity response law of the amplitude ratio and phase difference calculation under the condition of high-resistivity coal rock formation was analyzed. On this basis, a three-layer geological mathematical model was established to simulate the difference between analytical and numerical solutions of the amplitude ratio and …

Optimization Of Surface Directional Wells For Water Control Based On Three-Dimensional Seismic Dynamic Geological Modeling, Lu Ziqing, Gao Yaoquan, Guo Yuan

Coal Geology & Exploration

In the treatment of high-pressure Ordovician limestone water in the coal seam floor, the design and construction optimization of surface directional wells mainly relies on two-dimensional AutoCAD geological drawings. For the avoidance of such problems as low drilling rate and off-target in the target area under complex geological conditions, and to improve the effect of precise targeted water hazard control, a technology for optimizing directional wells for water hazard prevention and control based on seismic dynamic modeling is proposed. By comparing and analyzing the current situation and problems of drilling trajectory design and optimization technology, it is pointed out that …

Prevention And Control Technology Of Ordovician Water In Tangjiahui Coal Mine Based On Transparent Geology, Gao Yaoquan, Gao Yingui, Lu Ziqing, Kong Wanjun

Coal Geology & Exploration

The problems of many water diversion faults and, concealed water diversion structure have led to the difficulty of water disaster prevention and control of Ordovician limestone in No.6 coal seam in Tangjiahui Coal Mine. After continuous exploration and practice, a variety of advanced technologies has been introduced to obtain a large number of geological and hydrogeological data, and construct an intelligent geological guarantee system. The technical ideas of “geophysical and drilling exploration, joint grouting treatment up-hole and down-hole, in-hole transient electromagnetic fine exploration, inter-hole resistivity detection of grouting effect, and joint monitoring of coal seam floor by micro-seismic and electromagnetic …

Construction Method Of Transparent Working Face Based On Borehole Radar, Jiang Bici, Cheng Jianyuan, Li Ping, Liu Wenming, Yu Junhui, Wu Guoqing

Coal Geology & Exploration

The high-precision detection of coal rock interface is the key and difficult point to construct the three-dimensional geological model of intelligent mining. A method is proposed to construct regional coal rock interface geological model and realize transparent working face by using single hole reflection radar in the hole along coal seam and multi hole detection results. For single borehole radar data, the coal seam radar wave velocity is calculated by using the slope of roadway wave in-phase axis, and the spatial constrained migration imaging is used to realize the accurate calculating of coal seam top/floor reflection interface. Three transparent working …

Construction Method On Transparent Geological Guarantee Technologies: A Case Study Of Wuhai Mining Area, Gu Baoze, Dai Zhenhua, Li Mingxing, Chen Baohui

Coal Geology & Exploration

Coal geological guarantee technologies are applied in the whole life cycle of the coal industry. The technologies are the basis and premise of realizing safe, efficient, intelligent and green mining of coal resources, and plays a key role in disaster prevention, hidden disaster-causing factor detection and intelligent mining of coal. Without any doubt, geological transparency is the crucial task to improve the ability of intelligent analysis and decision-making, automatic and precise control, and efficient coal mining. For the purpose of solving the problems faced by Wuhai Mining Area in the construction of coal mine intellectualization, such as complex geological conditions …

Feasibility Study Of The Metaverse Technology In Coal Mine Emergency Training And Drills, Guo Yangyang

Coal Geology & Exploration

Coal mine safety training and emergency drills are effective measures to prevent disasters and accidents. At this stage, however, there are problems such as the boring training content, drills emphasizing “performance” rather than “practice”, and formalism. Metaverse technology integrates VR, AR, 3D, blockchain, Internet of things, AI, digital twin and other technologies, therefore, it is characterized by intuitiveness, strong interaction and high knowledge conversion rate in coal mine safety training and emergency drills, which can well solve the above problems. Now the metaverse technology is increasingly mature from hardware, software to various supporting facilities, while it is still faced with …

Construction And Demonstration Of The Transparent Geological Guarantee System In Tangjiahui Coal Mine, Liu Jiegao, Cheng Jianyuan, Shu Yiguo, Liu Zaibin, Gao Yingui, Gao Yaoquan, Lu Ziqing

Coal Geology & Exploration

The intelligence construction of Tangjiahui Coal Mine is confronted with constrains such as water-conducting faults and pressure of Ordovician limestone water, and how to make the geological conditions transparent has become the technical bottleneck of intelligent mining. Tangjiahui Coal Mine puts emphasize on the prevention and control of water disasters and adopted five advanced technologies, including borehole transient electromagnetic technology, multi-borehole resistivity, seismic while excavating, seismic while mining, microseismic monitoring to build a real-time dynamic transparent geological guarantee system. The system realizes the prevention and control of water disasters, rapid excavation and intelligent mining based on transparent geological models, which …

Characteristics And Detection Performance Of The Source Of Seismic While Excavating In Underground Coal Mines, Wang Baoli, Cheng Jianyuan, Jin Dan, Yang Xiaogang, Yang Hui

Coal Geology & Exploration

Against a background of intelligent coal mines, seismic while excavating has become one of the key geological guarantee technologies for safe excavation in the mining face. It can detect hidden geological structures in real-time, in advance and finely, such as goafs, faults, and collapsed columns, effectively promoting safe and efficient excavation and production. Different from the widely used advanced detection technology of reflection in-seam wave, the vibration signal of the tunneling machine is used as the excitation source, which replaces the explosive source in conventional seismic exploration. It has the advantages of environmental frendliness, safety, low cost, recyclability and combined …

Application Of Reflected In-Seam Wave Detection For Small Faults In Thick Coal Seams, Su Xiaoyun

Coal Geology & Exploration

In general, the fault distance and extension length of small faults in the working face of thick coal seams and extremely thick coal seams are short. Due to the limitation of resolution, it is generally difficult to detect such small faults with current methods and instruments. The unclear detection of small faults will have a great impact on the efficient recovery of the intelligent working face. To solve this problem, the numerical simulation and field experiment of small fault reflected in-seam wave detection in the thick coal seam are carried out. In terms of numerical simulation, the three-component elastic wave …

Application Research On Dynamic Calibration And Prediction Technology Of Coal Seam In Coalmine Working Face, Liu Wenming, Gao Yaoquan, Jiang Bici, Li Peng, Xue Wuqiang

Coal Geology & Exploration

One of the prominent problems of intelligent mining is its inadaptability to geological conditions, especially for the absolute accuracy of coal seam floor and thickness. 3D seismic has a high horizontal resolution and it can control the ups and downs of the coal seam. However, due to the time domain data, the calculation of the coal seam floor elevation is negatively affected by the time-depth conversion point. On the basis of the 3D seismic data of the working face and the coal thickness data during the mining process, the absolute accuracy of the time-depth conversion of the coal seam floor …

Application Of Mine-Used Resistivity Monitoring System In Working Face Water Disaster Control, Lu Jingjin, Wang Bingchun, Li Deshan, Duan Jianhua

Coal Geology & Exploration

The geological transparency of water disasters is in urgent need to serve the intelligent and unmanned mining of coal mines. Focused on the water disasters during mining in the working face, the mine-used resistivity monitoring system uses pseudo-random signal transmission and full waveform data acquisition to improve the anti-interference ability of the equipment. Electrode grounding condition consistency correction and monitoring data normalization are used to suppress false anomalies. Time-lapse resistivity imaging is used to identify and extract the abnormal resistivity response of hidden water hazards. The monitoring system is able to estimate the risk of water disasters by monitoring the …

Resistivity Detection And Its Application In Underground Coal Mine Directional Boreholes, Li Bofan, Liu Lei, Fan Tao, Jiang Qiping, Wang Jie

Coal Geology & Exploration

The working face threatened by high gas or Ordovician limestone water pressure generally adopts directional drilling technology to carry out fracturing or grouting works at the bottom of the working face before mining to ensure the safety of mining. In-hole probing in directional boreholes in the bottom plate can reveal the hidden structures in the working face in a more detailed way, and can also realize “one hole for multiple uses”. In order to solve the detection problem in the directional drilling, a method of DC resistivity detection in the horizontal directional drilling is proposed. To solve the problem of …

The Adaptive Detection Technology Of Ultrasonic Flow In Mining Boreholes, Dai Chenyu, Zhao Pengpeng, Xu Jing

Coal Geology & Exploration

For a better flow monitoring at the borehole of underground gas drainage in coal mines, and in response to the influence of factors such as complex composition, poor purity and poor stability of the medium in the pipeline on the measurement accuracy of drainage flow parameters, a set of adaptive detection system of ultrasonic flow for mining boreholes is designed with the time difference method as the measurement principle and the double threshold comparison method as the detection method. The overall scheme of the detection system is designed based on the analysis of the key problems affecting the measurement accuracy …

Development And Application Of Zdy4500lfk Full Automatic Drilling Rig, Dong Hongbo, Fan Qiang, Li Kun, Ma Bin

Coal Geology & Exploration

The ZDY4500LFK full automatic drilling rig was developed and equipped with a surface monitoring and control system to improve the automation of various drilling works and reduce the number of underground workers, then accelerate the intelligent construction of coal mines and meet the demand for the construction of transparent geological security system in mines. In consideration of the key technical problems encountered in the drilling construction of the drilling rig in the transparent geological guarantee system in Tangjiahui Coal Mine of Huaihe Energy West Coal and Electricity Group, such key technologies as row positioning technology and automatic unloading buckle were …