Earth Sciences Commons^™

Lignin, Sugar, And Furan Production Of Industrial Hemp Biomass Via An Integrated Process, Jikai Zhao, Jason Griffin, Kraig Roozeboom, Juhee Lee, Donghai Wang

School of Earth, Environmental, & Marine Sciences Faculty Publications

Traditional pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is often accompanied by washing and disposal of wastewater, which leads to overuse of water and loss of by-products. The objectives of this study were to validate the potential of an acid-base integrated process for simultaneous sugars, furans, and lignin production without washing and wastewater discarding. The difference in conversion performance among different biomass resources was also demonstrated. Parallel acetic acid (HOAc, pH = 2.25) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH, pH = 13.46) pretreatments followed by solid and liquid integration were applied to four genotypes of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) biomass that were harvested …

The Birth And Incision History Of The San Juan River In The Past 5 Ma, Micael T. Albonico

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

This study addresses the evolution of the San Juan River system and its confluence with the Colorado River, ~ 100 km above the regionally important Lees Ferry knickzone. The San Juan River is a 600-km-long continental-scale tributary of the Colorado River. From its headwaters in the San Juan Mountains in Colorado, the San Juan River flows across the Colorado Plateau, and into the Colorado River upstream of Grand Canyon. Published apatite fission track and apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronologic data show that rocks in Marble Canyon, as well as in middle and upper reaches of the San Juan River, were >75 °C …

Stolon Growth And Its Morphological Components In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) Cultivars, Omar Scheneiter, E. M. Pagano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A trial was performed to study the seasonal changes in stolon growth and its morphological components in four white clover cultivars, in the north of Buenos Aires Province, in Argentina. Stolons were tagged in four seasonal measurements periods per year, during two consecutive years. Leaf, stolon and flowerheads weights were recorded at regular intervals in each measurement period and total stolon growth was calculated. Differences among cultivars were found in stolon growth and its morphological components in most of the measurement periods. In spring and summer, differences among cultivars in stolon growth were related to flowering quantity and earliness, and …

Dry Matter Production Of Shoots And Root Density Of Two Cultivars Of Lablab Purpureus (L.) Sweet, L. R. De A. Rodrigues, T. J. D. Rodrigues, A. K. B. Ramos, D. G. De Quadros

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This experiment was conducted in green house conditions to evaluate the DM accumulation in the shoots and in the roots of two cultivars of Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet. A 2x3 factorial (two cultivars and three evaluation dates) was conducted according to a randomized complete block design with four replications, being the cultivars Highworth and Rongai evaluated at 42, 56, and 70 days after seedling emergence (DASE). The results indicated that the cvs. Highworth and Rongai have the same pattern of DM accumulation in the shoots. In the upper layer of the soil (0-0.20 m) it was found 38.83% and 43.64% …

Yellow-Flowered Lucerne (Medicago Falcata L.) - A Potential Forage Legume For The North, T. Mela, H. Ihamäki, M. Matilainen

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The suitability of yellow-flowered lucerne (Medicago falcata L.) for forage production under the northern conditions was studied in a mixture sward with timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in field trials in South Finland for four years from 1995 to 1998. Through the first three winters lucerne stayed unharmed. In June and July lucerne grew vigorously, but in August little. The total seasonal yields were highest in the second and the third year of harvesting, up to 10 t DM ha^-1. In the winter 1997-1998 , winter damages killed 21 to 38 % of lucerne plants, and resulted …

Role Of White Clover In The Improvement Of Economical Efficiency Of Feeds From Grasslands, P. Goliñski

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The aim of the research was to analyse the role played by white clover in the improvement of economical efficiency of feeds obtained from permanent grasslands. The influence of the proportion of white clover in the pasture sward on unit production costs of yield, energy and crude protein and the profit threshold in milk production was analysed taking into account three white clover cultivars, nitrogen fertilisation, irrigation and overdrilling. The investigation procedures employed the author’s own calculation models elaborated in optimisation programs based on production conditions found in dairy farms in the region of Wielkopolska. It was proved that the …

The Use Of Cafeteria Trials For The Selection Of Desmodium Ovalifolium Genotypes, Axel Schmidt, R. Schultze-Kraft, B. L. Maass, C. E. Lascano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

For the selection of tropical legumes which contain anti-nutritive components such as tannins, relative acceptability of genotypes to ruminants is of particular importance, since these plant components may influence selective grazing behaviour and subsequent animal productivity. Plant-animal interactions are not predictable from laboratory analyses. Involving grazing animals through the conduction of relative-acceptability (=cafeteria) trials at early stages of the germplasm selection process might therefore provide a convenient tool to adjust and confirm genotype selection based on laboratory quality analyses data. As part of a multilocational germplasm evaluation project, cafeteria-experiments were conducted at two contrasting environments in Colombia with a core …

Stolon Mass And Classes In White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.) With Two Soil Water Availability Levels, Omar Scheneiter, E. M. Pagano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Two trials were carried out to study the stolon mass and classes in white clover (Trifolium repens L.) under two soil water availability levels in summer. In each trial, treatments were two white clover cultivars. From December 15^th to February 15^th in 1993/94 and again during the same period the following year, white clover was grown under 30 to 70 % (Forced water uptake) or 85-to100 % (Maximum water uptake) of field capacity. Every two months, throughout two years, total stolon mass, and buried, superficial, and aerial stolons were measured. Differences between cultivars were detected in stolon …

Morphological Description Of Selected Pigeonpea (Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp.) Lines, Rodolfo Godoy, F. H. De Souza

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Seventeen pigeonpea pure line accessions selected for desirable forage traits and three commercial cultivars were described according to morphological characters. The following descriptors were used: growth habit, plant height, number of primary and secondary branches, stem color and thickness, leaf shape and hairiness, flower base and second color, pattern of flower streaks, flowering pattern, immature and mature pod color, pod form and hairiness, seed color pattern, base and second seed color, seed eye (region around hilum) color and seed shape and width. Each individual line and cultivar was satisfactorily distinguished from the others by the chosen characters.

Improvement Of Rose Clover Winter Forage Production, Gerald R. Smith, F. M. Rouquette Jr.

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Rose clover (Trifolium hirtum All.) is a winter annual forage legume that has potential for increased use in the U.S. southern region. New cultivars of rose clover are needed with the combination of cold tolerance, winter forage production and full bloom date of late April. Crosses were made between two early flowering cultivars and one late flowering rose clover cultivar. The F₂ and F₃ generations from these crosses were evaluated in northeast Texas for winter growth, cold damage and date of flowering. Fourteen F₃ lines, out of 37 selected F2 parents, showed large increases (>100%) …

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Multi-Proxy Record Of Holocene Paleoenvironmental Conditions From Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming, Usa, Sabrina R. Brown, Rosine Cartier, Christopher M. Schiller, Petra Zahajská, Sherilyn C. Fritz, Lisa A. Morgan, Cathy Whitlock, Daniel J. Conley, Jack H. Lacey, Melanie J. Leng, W.C. Pat Shanks Iii

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

A composite 11.82 m-long (9876e-67 cal yr BP) sediment record from Yellowstone Lake, Wyoming was analyzed using a robust set of biological and geochemical proxies to investigate the paleoenvironmental evolution of the lake and its catchment in response to long-term climate forcing. Oxygen isotopes from diatom frustules were analyzed to reconstruct Holocene climate changes, and pollen, charcoal, diatom assemblages, and biogenic silica provided information on terrestrial and limnological responses. The long-term trends recorded in the terrestrial and limnic ecosystems over the last 9800 years reflect the influence of changes in the amplification of the seasonal cycle of insolation on regional …

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Evaluation Of Brachiaria Brizantha Ecotypes Under Grazing In Small Plots, Valéria P. B. Euclides, Cacilda B. Do Valle, Manuel C. M. Macedo, M. P. Oliveira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An intense search for new cultivars amongst recently collected and introduced ecotypes from Africa is in effect since 1988, at the National Beef Cattle Research Center, of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Beef Cattle). After agronomic evaluations of a large collection, 21 ecotypes were pre-selected for multilocational trials and from these, eight were elected for evaluation under grazing. The objective of this trial was thus to evaluate the persistence and carrying capacity of these eight new Brachiaria brizantha ecotypes after two years of grazing. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with nine treatments and two replicates. The …

In Vitro Propagation Of Pennisetum Purpureum Schum., M. M. G. Karasawa, J. E. B. P. Pinto, A. V. Pereira, José C. Pinto, F. G. Silva

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A protocol is described for rapid multiplication of elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) through shoot tip culture. The plant growth medium consisted of basal medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) and vitamins Wood Plant Medium (WPM). The medium was supplemented with 0.00; 4.44; 8.88; 13.32 and 17.76 μM of benzylaminopurine (BAP). The elephantgrass was micropropagated by axillary shoot proliferations. Maximum propagule proliferation occurred on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with 4.4 μM benzylaminopurine (BAP), resulting an average of 4.0 shoots per explant from cultivar Mineiro and 2.19 from cultivar Pioneiro. The best height and root plantlets were obtained with …

'Stay-Green' And Non-'Stay-Green' Perennial Ryegrass In Field Swards With Different Intervals Between Cuts, D. Wilman, K. R. Kennedy, M. O. Humphreys

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the 'stay-green' character, originally introduced into perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) for amenity purposes, on herbage yield, N concentration and colour in field swards of 'stay-green' forage ryegrass managed in different ways for agricultural use. The conclusions were that the introduction of the 'stay-green' character (1) confers greater greenness only at some times of year and only when there has been a sufficiently long period of regrowth, (2) is expressed only in older, as distinct from young, tillers, (3) reduces herbage yield, particularly when a long interval is …

Agronomic Evaluation Of Alfalfa Cultivars In Rio Grande Do Sul, Brasil, J. C. De Saibro, R. Battisti, T. M. S. Freitas

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

From April 1995 to June 1998, thirty five alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars (cvs.) were evaluated in a field trial at the “Depressão Central” ecoclimatic region, in southern Brazil. Two years after sowing, 30 cultivars were excluded from the test due to their poor overall agronomic performance, mainly low forage DM yields. The remaining cultivars: Crioula (local genotype used as a check), Victoria, Rio and P 30 are hay-type cultivars while Alfagraze is a grazing-tolerant type. Twenty-two harvests were made and no significant differences were found for total DM yields among cvs. Crioula, Victoria, Rio and P 30; however, …

Switchgrass For Biomass Production, Monroe Rasnake, D. Parrish, Garry D. Lacefield, D. Wolf

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Six cultivars of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were established in 1993 at Princeton, Kentucky, USA. Two harvest systems were used: two cuttings per year in mid-June and November and one cutting per year in November. Biomass yield and stand survival were evaluated. Lowland cultivars produced more biomass than upland cultivars in both cutting managements. Upland cultivars did better in a two cut system while the other cultivars showed little difference. Excellent stands of all cultivars were maintained under both cutting managements.

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Soil Accretion And Mass Accumulation In A Scrub And Fringe Mangrove Forest In Biscayne Bay, Florida, Jessica A. Jacobs

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

This study estimated soil accretion and mass (organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), and total soil) accumulation in a scrub and fringe mangrove forest in Biscayne Bay, FL, to assess how forests of different morphologies (scrub vs. fringe) have kept pace with recently accelerating rates of sea-level rise. Accretion rates (AR) were estimated using the Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) model of lead-210 deposition and it was determined that the scrub forest has accreted at 1.3 ± 0.2 mm yr-1 over 75 years and the fringe forest at 2.8 ± 0.4 mm yr-1 over 92 years. The fringe forest estimate met …

Mgrre_Pureoilscouttickets_Bowen, George W._1_21127120500000, Mgrre

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No abstract provided.

Spatial Variations Of Stochastic Noise Properties In Gps Time Series, Xiaoxing He, Michael Simon Bos, Jean-Philippe Montillet, Rui Fernandes, Timothy I. Melbourne, Weiping Jiang, Wudong Li

Geological Sciences Faculty Scholarship

The noise in position time series of 568 GPS (Global Position System) stations across North America with an observation span of ten years has been investigated using solutions from two processing centers, namely, the Pacific Northwest Geodetic Array (PANGA) and New Mexico Tech (NMT). It is well known that in the frequency domain, the noise exhibits a power-law behavior with a spectral index of around −1. By fitting various noise models to the observations and selecting the most likely one, we demonstrate that the spectral index in some regions flattens to zero at long periods while in other regions it …

Revisiting Darwin’S Little Pond As A Method To Liberate Phosphorus From Apatite Under Prebiotic Hadean Earth Conditions, Jennifer Lago

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Phosphorus is an essential element for life as we know it. Phosphorus, mainly in the form of phosphate, is key to biologic functions such as genetic material, energy production, and cellular framework. As phosphorus is key to so many important biological functions it is of no wonder the question of how phosphorus was incorporated into life initially is a fundamental question in how life began.

During this time a prebiotic phosphorus source would need to have originated in rock, as phosphorus has not volatile source on Earth. The most prevalent mineral source on a prebiotic Earth would likely have been …

Interspecific And Local Variation In Tern Chick Diets Across Nesting Colonies In The Gulf Of Maine, Keenan Yakola, Adrian Jordaan, Stephen Kress, Paula Shannon, Michelle D. Staudinger

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The Gulf of Maine, USA is home to four colonial co-nesting tern species: Least Tern (Sternula antillarum), Common Tern (Sterna hirundo), Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea), and the federally endangered Roseate Tern (Sterna dougallii). Over three decades of visual observations of chick provisioning were compiled for a comparative dietary study in the region, including the first detailed descriptions of Least and Roseate Tern chick diets. Three prey groups comprised the majority of chick diets among tern species between 1986–2017: hake (Urophycis spp. or Enchelyopus cimbrius) 28–37% frequency of occurrence (FO), sand lance …

Evaluation Of Paspalum Spp. With Adaptation To Poorly Drained Soils In The Tropical Americas, Michael Peters, B. Hincapié, P. Avila, C. E. Lascano

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A collection of Paspalum accessions obtained from Brazil was tested for their adaptation to poorly drained soils. Three accessions were selected based on their DM production and nutritive value. Productivity and quality of these three accessions was stable over the periods of maximum and minimum rainfall, giving potential for continuous forage supply throughout the year in the tropical Americas. Grazing trials for the selected accessions are underway.

Intake Characteristics And Performance Of Contrasting Grass Varieties Continuously Stocked With Sheep, R. J. Orr, J. E. Cook, R. A. Champion, A. J. Rook

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Fifteen intermediate-heading perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) varieties were grazed by sheep under continuous variable stocking management. Mean daily grass dry matter intake per ewe was positively correlated with liveweight gain per ewe (r = 0.63) and per ha (r = 0.58) over an 8-month grazing season. Daily intake was not correlated with grazing time (r = 0.12) but was positively correlated with instantaneous dry matter intake rate (r = 0.75). Breeding varieties with high intake rate characteristics should allow increases in the contribution of grazed grass to grassland-based livestock farming. There is now a …

Drought Tolerance Of Interspecific Hybrids Between Trifolium Repens And Trifolium Ambiguum, A. H. Marshall, M. T. Abberton, T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates, I. Rhodes, A. Williams

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hybrids between the stolonifeous white clover (Trifolium repens L., 2n=4x=32) and rhizomatous Caucasian clover (T. ambiguum M.Bieb, 2n=4x=32) have been produced. A backcross 2 (BC2) generation with white clover as the recurrent parent combines the growth habit of both parent species with the objective of increasing the persistency of large leaved T. repens varieties under grazing. T. ambiguum is more drought tolerant than T. repens. The drought tolerance of the hybrids in comparison with the parental species was compared in deep soil bins over a four week drought cycle. Soil moisture content, leaf relative water content …

Variability For Nitrogen And Phosphorus Uptake Among Timothy Genotypes, Réal Michaud, Gilles Bélanger, A. Brégard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Cultivars of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) with high N and P use efficiencies are required to reduce costs of production and risks of N and P pollution, and to meet the nutrition requirements of high producing animals. This field study aimed at comparing, (under three N rates) the relationship between DM yield, N uptake, and P uptake of 27 timothy half-sib families, plus the cultivar Champ as a control (Dry matter yield), N and P uptake increased with increasing N rates. Genotypes also differed for DM yield, N and P uptake. For a given DM yield, the genotypes had …

New Stylosanthes Guianensis For Tropical Grasslands, Bela Grof, Celso D. Fernandes, A. T. F. Fernandes

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Hybrid stylos (Stylosanthes guianensis var. vulgaris x var. pauciflora) with durable, quantitative resistance to anthracnose, mid-season harvest maturity date (early-July), high DM and seed yields have been selected at the Embrapa Beef Cattle Research Center, Campo Grande, Brazil. The hybrids displayed improved forage traits in Brazil, the native habitat and major center of diversity of the species and its pathogen, as well as in vastly different ecosystems. Dry forage yields and anthracnose resistance of superior selections and their composites were equal, in some instances, significantly better, than those of cv. Mineirão in multilocational trials situated in the Cerrados from …

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No abstract provided.