Earth Sciences Commons^™

High-Resolution Temperature And Precipitation Variability Of Southwest Anatolia Since 1730 Ce From Lake Gölcük Sedimentary Records, Iliya Bauchi Danladi, Sena Akçer Ön, Zeki̇ Bora Ön, Sabine Schmidt

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

We report high-resolution multiproxy analyses [lithology, μXRF and magnetic susceptibility (MS)] of two short gravity sediment cores from the crater Lake Gölcük, southwest Turkey. Our results provide a detailed hydroclimatic record for the last ~290 years. Aided with factor analysis of μXRF data and 210210Pb and 137Cs dating, our multiproxy data show that the Lake Gölcük records documented a series of wet and dry periods between ~ 1730 (±71) and ~ 2018 (±3) CE. Wet periods are evidenced by dark olive green mixed lithology (sandy, clay, and silts) and high values in MS and log(Sr/Ca). On the other hand, dry …

Finite Volume Modeling Of Bathymetry And Fault-Controlled Fluid Circulation In The Sea Of Marmara, Eli̇f Şen, Doğa Doğan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Fluid vents in the Sea of Marmara were discovered and investigated by several studies. In this paper, a numerical model is created for the first time to determine the possible transport mechanism behind those fluid emissions at the seafloor. The finite volume method is used for numerical simulations by implementing a commercial finite volume code, ANSYS-Fluent. The thermal and physical rock properties used in our models are taken from previous studies. Bathymetry, fault-controlled fluid flow velocities, and temperature distribution patterns for the Central Basin and Western High in the Sea of Marmara are simulated and presented. Effects of faults, thickness …

Simulation Of Seismic Triggering And Failure Time Perturbations Associated With The 30 October 2020 Samos Earthquake (Mw 7.0), Eyüp Sopaci, Ati̇lla Arda Özacar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The 30 October 2020 Samos earthquake (Mw = 7.0) ruptured a north-dipping offshore normal fault north of the Samos Island with an extensional mechanism. Aftershocks mainly occurred at the western and eastern ends of the rupture plane in agreement with the Coulomb static stress changes. Mechanism of aftershocks located west of the rupture supported activation of the neighboring strike-slip fault almost instantly. In addition, a seismic cluster including events with Mw~4 has emerged two days later at the SE side of Samos Island. This off-plane cluster displays a clear example of delayed seismic triggering at nearby active faults. In this …

Combined Qualitative And Quantitative Regional Interpretation Of The Thermal Results Of Magnetic Data In The Eastern Mediterranean Region, İlki̇n Özsöz

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The study presents thermal structure and active-passive tectonic parts of the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Curie point depth, heat flow map, Moho depth and sediment thickness are used for interpretation. The levelled magnetic data that obtained from the World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map (WDMAM) is used. The magnetic anomaly is divided into 39 zones for Curie point depth estimation. The Curie point depth values are calculated into Fourier domain. Then heat flow map is generated. The estimated Curie point depth values are ranging from 4.5 km to 25 km. Furthermore, heat flow values are between 55 mW/m2 and 277 mW/m2. Moho …

Long-Term Spatiotemporal Evolution Of Land Subsidence In Konya Metropolitan Area (Turkey) Based On Multisensor Sar Data, Nurdan Şi̇reci̇, Gökhan Aslan, Zi̇yadi̇n Çakir

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

We have studied the spatiotemporal evolution of surface deformation in Konya city and its vicinity using advanced multitemporal synthetic aperture radar techniques with SAR data acquired by Envisat, ALOS-1, and Sentinel-1 A/B satellites between 2004 and 2020. Velocity maps and time series show that the city has been subsiding with varying rates in space and time since 2004. The pattern of deformation shows two main lobes of subsidence centered in the western and eastern sides of the city with a nondeforming north-south trending narrow zone in between. Subsidence rate increases from a few cm/yr to 11 cm/yr between 2014 and …

Geology, Mineralogy, And Geochemistry Of The Zarloukh Bentonite -Tuff Deposit,Hemrin South Mountain, Northern Iraq: Implications For Genesis And Geotectonics, Yawooz Kettanah

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Quaternary Zarloukh Bentonite -Tuff (ZBT) deposit occurs within the Hemrin South Mountain, northern Iraq. The ZBT deposit occurs as depression-filling exposed on the erosional surface of the siliciclastic Pliocene Muqdadiya Formation and covered by an overburden of recent sediments. The thickness of the studied industrial bentonite bed is ~80-100 cm, occurring at the bottom of these depressions, covered by ~3-4 m thick bedded volcanic tuff, which also contains many 10-12 cm thick bentonite layers along its bedding planes. The volcanic ash at the bottom of lakes/swamps with shallow water content acted as basins for the deposition of falling volcanic …

Generation Of Collision-Induced Early To Middle Miocene Adakitic Magmas In Pertek(Tunceli) Area From Eastern Anatolia Postsubductional Setting, Turkey, Sevcan Kürüm, Hakan Çoban, Pinar Aydin

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Early to Middle Miocene andesite-dacite porphyries are well exposed to the Pertek area of Tunceli, Eastern Anatolia, and represent an example of adakite-like magma generation in Eastern Anatolia (postsubductional) collisional setting. Mineral associations in these porphyries are composed of plagioclase (oligoclase-andesine-labradorite), amphibole (pargasite-ferropargasite), biotite, rare quartz, K-feldspar, and minor Fe-Ti oxides. Geochemically they are high-K calc-alkaline in nature and characterized by high SiO2 (>62 wt.%), Al2O3 (mostly >16 wt.%), Na2O/K2O ratio (1.3-1.7), and Sr (generally >400 ppm) contents. Volcanic rocks display depletion in HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti, and slight negative Eu anomaly; have low HREEs, Y (

Impacts Of The 2020 Samos Earthquake On The Modeling Of Ancient Seismic Events, Stathis Stiros

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The 2020 Samos, M7.0 earthquake was characterized by an unusual bi-modal-type distribution of damage: limited damage in the nearfield (especially northern Samos coast) and serious localized damage in multi-story buildings in the far field (İzmir area). This pattern is not consistent with the typical distribution of isoseismal lines, and it seems not to represent an isolated effect; the 2014 Samothraki- Gökçeada M6.9 earthquake, for example, may in fact represent a parallel, though at smaller scale. For this reason, the damage pattern of the Samos earthquake may characterize historical earthquakes in the wider region, and perhaps explain, among others, some apparently …

Gps Derived Finite Source Mechanism Of The 30 October 2020 Samos Earthquake, Mw =6.9, In The Aegean Extensional Region, Bahadir Aktuğ, İbrahi̇m Ti̇ryaki̇oğlu, Hasan Sözbi̇li̇r, Haluk Özener, Çağlar Özkaymak, Cemal Özer Yi̇ği̇t, Hali̇l İbrahi̇m Solak, Eda Esma Eyübagi̇l, Bengi̇su Geli̇n, Orhan Tatar, Mustafa Softa

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

A submarine area close to the Turkish and Greek border between the cities of Samos-Greece and Seferihisar-Turkey has been shaked on October 30, 2020 by a Mw= 6.9 earthquake. In this study, the finite source mechanism of the Samos earthquake was investigated using geodetic methods and the coseismic behavior of the earthquake was modeled. The observed coseismic displacements at 62 sites were inverted for the fault geometry and the slips. The mainshock did not generate an on-land surface rupture. However, the uniform slip modeling shows a finite source of 43.1 km long and 16 km wide rupture, which slips 1.42 …

Updated Historical Earthquake Catalog Of İzmir Region (Western Anatolia) And Itsimportance For The Determination Of Seismogenic Source, Çi̇ğdem Tepe, Hasan Sözbi̇li̇r, Semi̇h Eski̇, Ökmen Sümer, Çağlar Özkaymak

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Although destructive earthquakes have not occurred in the instrumental period except for the 30 October 2020 Samos earthquake (Mw = 6.6), the records show that there were significant earthquakes that caused great destruction in İzmir and its surroundings in the historical period. However, it is not yet clear which faults are causative for these earthquakes affecting İzmir and its surroundings. For this purpose, it has been attempted to determine new geological, seismological and environmental data by examining a large number of original sources, records and old international earthquake catalogs, other than the existing national catalogs used in seismicity studies in …

Tsunami Hazard, Warning, And Risk Reduction In Italy And The Mediterranean Sea: State Of The Art, Gaps, And Future Solutions, Stefano Lorito, Alessandro Amato, Lorenzo Cugliari, Fabrizio Romano, Roberto Tonini, Cecilia Valbonesi, Manuela Volpe

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Historical catalogues show evidence for about 300 tsunamis in European coastal waters since 1600 BC, and tsunami hazard models like the NEAMTHM18 provide the probability of future inundation from earthquake-induced tsunamis. A recent wake-up call came from the 2020 Mw7.0 Samos-İzmir earthquake and the following moderate, damaging tsunami. Five accredited Tsunami Service Providers (TSPs) run by IPMA (Portugal), CENALT (France), INGV (Italy), NOA (Greece), and KOERI (Turkey), and several national centers monitor the seismicity and provide tsunami alerts in the framework of the UNESCO Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System in the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (NEAMTWS). …

Paleoseismic History Of The Manisa Fault Zone, Western Anatolia, İsmai̇l Duran, Hasan Sözbi̇li̇r, Semi̇h Eski̇, Mustafa Softa, Hüseyi̇n Uytun, Mehmet Yüksel, Mustafa Topaksu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The 45-km-long, E-W to NW-SE-striking Manisa Fault Zone, which constitutes the western section of the Gediz Graben, is characterized by a pure normal sense of motion with a minor strike-slip component. Even though there are numerous historical earthquakes have been listed in Western Anatolia Graben System, a few studies have been addressed on seismic sources of the earthquakes so far. According to existing literature, the western segment of the Manisa Fault Zone is well known characterized; however, the eastern segment of it has rarely been addressed. To decipher the Holocene seismotectonic behavior of the eastern segment of Manisa Fault Zone, …

Surface Heat Flow In Western Anatolia (Turkey) And Implications To The Thermal Structureof The Gediz Graben, Eli̇f Pazvantoğlu, Kami̇l Erkan, Müjgan Şalk, Bülent Oktay Akkoyunlu, Mete Tayanç

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Knowledge of heat flow density on the Earth's surface and subsurface temperature distribution is essential for the interpretation of several processes in the crust such as for the evaluation of the geothermal potential of a region. With this study, we investigate the conductive heat flow distribution in western Anatolia to understand the thermal state and its relationship to regional tectonics in the region. The new heat flow data are collected and combined with previously published data to obtain the new heat flow map of western Anatolia. Analysis of data sets after appropriate corrections yields a better picture of the regional …

The Effects Of Saline Soil On Microbiome And The Isolation Of Root-Associated Microbes To Relieve Salinity Stress, Duncan Jakubowski

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Increasing levels of salinity in once-viable lands for crop production is a serious and growing problem in the Northern Great Plains. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of saline soil on the microbial composition of plant roots and bulk soil, to measure metabolic changes in plant roots from saline soil, to determine the viability of root-associated microbes as inoculants to increase stress tolerance in plants, as well as determine the impact of saline soil on nitrogen cycling genes linked to greenhouse gas production. This study hypothesizes that high soil salinity levels have a significant impact on …

A Hydrologic Climate Study For An Arid Region, Ali Alsubeai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Water is the most precious natural resource in arid regions due to the limitation of water resources, expanding population, and increasing volumes of industrial and domestic waste. The purpose of this research was to evaluate methods to estimate water quantity in an arid region. The research consisted of three separate studies. In the first study, hydrologic models used to estimate water quantity were evaluated for suitability of use in arid regions. Most hydrologic models that have been used in arid regions were originally developed for humid regions. Rainfall events in arid regions can be characterized as short-term, high intense rainstorms …

Evidence For Middle Miocene Elevated Topography Isolating The Southern Klamath Mountains Province: A U-Pb & Lu-Hf Detrital Zircon Study Of The Weaverville Formation, Dana J. Christensen

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The Klamath Mountains Province (KMP) records a robust history of active North American margin tectonics and crustal growth through the subduction-accretion of oceanic and island-arc terranes spanning Devonian through Cretaceous time. However, preservation of Cenozoic rocks is minimal, rendering the geologic record, topography, and tectonics during this timeframe difficult to reconstruct. The only Miocene terrestrial sedimentary unit that exists in the KMP is the fluvially deposited Tertiary Weaverville Formation (Tw) that is preserved in five fault-bounded basins in the southern part of the province. This study presents new uranium-lead (U-Pb) age data and epsilon hafnium (εHf) isotopic ratios from detrital …

Mapping Michigan's Historic Coastlines, Ryan A. Williams

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

This five-year project, sponsored by the Michigan Department of Environment, Great Lakes, and Energy, is working to map how Michigan’s Great Lakes shorelines have changed over the past 80+ years. Products of this project include publicly available digital, georeferenced, historic aerial photography datasets, as well as map layers depicting the locations of historic shorelines and bluff lines from 1938, 1980, 2009, 2016, 2018, and 2020. Additional products include bluff retreat risk areas, shoreline rate of change map layers, and tools to assist in the development of future Coastal Vulnerability Index projects for the Great Lakes. All products are available as …

The Quantitative Assessment Of Pond Scum: An Examination Of The Biogeochemistry Of Phosphorus Cycling In The Belgrade Lakes, Abbey M. Sykes

Honors Theses

The internal recycling phosphorus in freshwater lake bottom sediments represents a significant source of hypolimnetic phosphorus (P) release for many of Maine’s lakes. In summer months, Maine lakes often thermally stratify and the lake hypolimnion develops anoxia, leading to a reduction in redox potential at the sediment-water interface. These reducing conditions facilitate the reductive dissolution of ferric iron, and, since phosphorus is often present in freshwater lake sediments as solid FeOOH-PO₄ complexes, results in release of soluble phosphorus into the water column. Our current study presents field and laboratory data from sediment fractionation extractions designed to quantify concentrations of …

Rock Glacier Hydrological Significance In A Warming World: A Geoecological Transect In The North Cascades, Washington, Jessica Abadie Coffey

All Master's Theses

Mountain environments are some of the most climate-sensitive areas on the planet. Due to recent warming trends, the 0℃ isotherm is rising in elevation and subsequently melting glaciers, snowpack, and permafrost. However, rock glaciers are a type of permafrost that is climate-resilient; therefore, research on their distribution and water volume equivalence (WVEQ) will be increasingly valuable in a warming world.

The purpose of this research was to determine the hydrological significance of different altitude belts of alpine permafrost in Washington State’s North Cascades. Additionally, this study analyzed how much rock glacier permafrost will be exposed to melting temperatures with climate …

Workshop Outcomes Report: 1st International Workshop On Seismic Resilience Of Arctic Infrastructure And Social Systems, Majid Ghayoomi, Katharine Duderstadt, Alexander Kholodov, Alexander Shiklomanov, Matthew Turner, Elham Ajorlou

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Perceptions Of Scientists Held By Us Students Can Be Broadened Through Inclusive Classroom Interventions, Sarah L. Sheffield, Meghan L. Cook, Victor J. Ricchezza, Guizella A. Rocabado, Fenda A. Akiwumi

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

More diverse representation in undergraduate classrooms may be an important step towards turning science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines into more inclusive communities. In the United States of America, the individuals whose work is discussed in typical introductory science courses collectively do not represent the diversity of students’ identities in the classroom and further reinforce existing stereotypes of scientists as male, white, and aged. Here we report on the implementation of a semester-long intervention in an introductory-level geoscience course at the University of South Florida, USA. We introduced students to individuals with marginalized identities who are either scientists or …

Revegetating Salt-Impacted Soils In The Northern Great Plains, Abigail P. Blanchard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In the northern Great Plains (NGP), an estimated 10.6 million hectares of land are affected by naturally occurring salt-impacted soil. Naturally occurring salt impaction results when rainfall causes salts in parent material to move upward through the soil profile and remain in the root zone causing osmotic and ionic stress, negatively affecting seed imbibition, germination, and plant growth. Common methods to remediate saltimpacted soils were developed in the irrigated soils of the Southwestern U.S., are ineffective in the non-irrigated soils of the NGP, and can exacerbate the problem. Therefore, new methods to remediate salt-impacted soil in the NGP are needed. …

Quantifying The Impacts Of Land Use, Management And Climate Change On Water Resources In Missouri River Basin, Arun Bawa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

A location-specific evaluation of hydrological landscape responses concerning past and projected climate and land use land cover (LULC) changes can provide a powerful intellectual basis for developing efficient and profitable agroecosystems, and overcoming uncertain and detrimental consequences of LULC and climate shifts. This dissertation assessed the impacts of land use, management, and climate change on water resources in the Missouri River Basin (MRB) through four specific studies that included: (i) to study the responses of leached nutrient concentrations and soil health to winter rye cover crop (CC) under no-till corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, (ii) to …

Forum Reply: A 23 M.Y. Record Of Low Atmospheric Co2, Brian A. Schubert, Ying Cui, A. Hope Jahren

Department of Earth and Environmental Studies Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Vegetation Effects On Coastal Foredune Initiation: Wind Tunnel Experiments And Field Validation For Three Dune-Building Plants, Bianca Reo Charbonneau, Stephanie M. Dohner, John P. Wnek, Don Barber, Phoebe Zarnetske, Brenda B. Casper

Geology Faculty Research and Scholarship

As the land-sea interface, foredunes buffer upland habitats with plants acting as ecosystem engineers shaping topography, and thereby affecting storm response and recovery. However, many ecogeomorphic feedbacks in coastal foredune formation and recovery remain uncertain in this dynamic environment. We carried out a series of wind tunnel experiments testing how the morphology, density, and configuration of three foredune pioneer dune building plant species influence the most basic stage of dune initiation — nebkha formation around individual plants. We established monocultures of native Ammophila breviligulata and Panicum amarum and invasive Carex kobomugi in 1 m × 1 m planter boxes of …

Evaluating The Performance Of National Water Model Snow Simulations In The Northeastern United States Using Advanced Mesonet Observations, Patrick William Naple

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Snow is a critical component in the hydrologic cycle and critical to runoff in many regions. While not as deep or persistent as snow in the Western United States (WUS) , snow in the Northeastern US (NEUS) is critical to water resource management and flood forecasting. For hydrological applications, snow is simulated using coupled hydrology models . These models couple numerical weather models, land surface models, and channel routing models that simulate water transport. One such coupled hydrology model is the NOAA National Water Model (NWM), implemented in 2016. The NWM runs a specific configuration of the WRF-Hydro community model. …

Residual Spatial Autocorrelation In Macroecological And Biogeographical Modeling: A Review, Guetchine Gaspard

Theses and Dissertations--Geography

Macroecological and biogeographical modelers have predicted the distribution of species across space relying on the relationship between biotic processes and environmental variables. Such a method employs data associated, for instance, with species abundance or presence/absence, climate, geomorphology, and soils. Statistical analyses found in previous studies have highlighted the importance of accounting for the effects of spatial autocorrelation (SAC), which indicates a level of dependence between pairs of nearby observations. A consensus has existed that residual spatial autocorrelation (rSAC) can substantially impact modeling processes and inferences. However, more emphasis should be put on identifying the sources of rSAC and the degree …

Bioerosional Structures From The Late Pleistocene Coral Reef, Red Sea Coast, Northwest Saudi Arabia, Huri̇ye Demi̇rcan, Abdelbaset El Sorogy, Talal Alharbi

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Herein, 20 ichnospecies belonging to 8 ichnogenera were identified in bivalves, gastropods, and corals (n = 701) from the Late Pleistocene coral reef along the Red Sea coast, northwest Saudi Arabia. The trace fossils were produced by clionid sponges (47.39%), endolithic bivalves (42.17%), polychaete annelids (5.42%), vermetid gastropods (3.81%), and acrothoracican barnacles (1.21%). The recognized ichnotaxa were Entobia geometrica, E. ovula, E. cf. goniodes, E. cf. retiformis, E. cretacea, Entobia isp., Gastrochaenolites torpedo, G. lapidicus, G. cf. dijugus, Gastrochaenolites isp., Oichnus paraboloides, O. simplex, Oichnus isp., Caulostrepsis taeniola, Caulostrepsis isp., Maeandropolydora cf. sulcans, Maeandropolydora isp., Renichnus isp., Centrichnus isp., and …

Interpretation Of Aeromagnetic Data Of The Sivas Basin In The Central Eastern Turkey, Funda Bi̇li̇m, Atti̇la Aydemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Sivas Basin is located in the eastern part of the central Anatolia. In this study, aeromagnetic data in the basin and surrounding area are processed and anomalies are interpreted to determine the approximate locations of the causative bodies and reveal their relationship with the tectonic trends. The sedimentary basin is surrounded by strong magnetic anomalies from the south, east, and northeast. The most apparent anomalies are observed in the E-NE of Zara, SW of Divriği, and north of Kangal. These anomalies do not present significant directional change when they are reduced to the pole process. Causative bodies of the …

Formation Of Ti-Rich Bauxite From Alkali Basalt In Continental Margin Carbonates, Payas Region, Se Turkey: Implications For Sea Level Change In The Upper Cretaceous, Hüseyi̇n Öztürk, Nurullah Hani̇lçi̇, Zeynep Cansu, Cem Kasapçi

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Payas region bauxite deposits occur as a sandwiched layer that is a few kilometers long and an average of 10 m thick between the lower and upper Cretaceous carbonates of the Arabian Platform. The bauxites occur as 2 types, comprising blanket and pocket, are chemically and texturally homogeneous, and have a thrust structure with ophiolitic mélange formations. The bauxite varies in color, from reddish-brown to grayish-green to black, and has a massive, patchy, and very rare oolitic-pisolitic texture. The bauxite mainly consists of diaspore, hematite, rutile, anatase, rare kaolinite, boehmite, and pyrite minerals.The prismatic and lath-shaped euhedral rutile within …