Earth Sciences Commons^™

Microborings As Indication Of Cryptic Life Modes In The Foraminifer Orbitoides:Maastrichtian Sediments Of The Haymana And Nallıhan Districts (Ankara, Turkey), Muhi̇tti̇n Görmüş, Huri̇ye Demi̇rcan, Yusuf Kağan Kadioğlu, Fuzuli̇ Yağmurlu, Muhammed Sami̇ Us

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Widespread Maastrichtian siliciclastics and carbonates cropping out in the Haymana (S Ankara) and Nallıhan (NW Ankara) districts in the northwest and central Anatolia basins include rich Orbitoides occurrences. Microborings in the Orbitoides tests are interesting to notify. In this study, the details of their morphologic structures were investigated. Microborings were analyzed in more than 650 equatorial thin sections of the Orbitoides tests and 100 hard rock thin sections. The abundance of microborings increases in the siliciclastics towards the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary (K/Pg). They were identified as Maeandropolydora osmaneliensis Nielsen and Görmüş, Maeandropolydora isp. Curvichnus semorbis Nielsen, Oichnus simplex Bromley, Oichnus isp. …

Plio-Quaternary Stress States Along The Kütahya Fault And Surroundings, Nw Turkey, Eli̇f Akgün, Süha Özden

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Kütahya Fault, which is one of the major neotectonic structures in western Anatolia, Turkey, is an active fault constraining the southern margin of the approximately E-W trending Kütahya Basin between the Eskişehir Fault to the north and the Simav Fault to the south. In the present study, inversion of both fault kinematic analysis of fault-slip data and focal mechanism solutions from the Kütahya Fault and surroundings is used to understand the Late Cenozoic stress states. The fault kinematic analysis result yielded three different stress regimes from Mio-Pliocene to Quaternary. Firstly, strike-slip faulting developed under a NE-SW trending local compressional …

Comparison Of Stable Isotope Values Of Quaternary Calcretes From Adana And Mersin Provinces: Implications On Controlling Factors, Muhsi̇n Eren, Meryem Yeşi̇lot Kaplan, Selahatti̇n Kadi̇r, Seli̇m Kapur

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Calcretes are widespread in Adana and Mersin provinces and form under different morphologies. Most calcrete profiles comprise a hard laminated crust/hardpan at the top, gradually intergrading into the nodular and/or tubular/columnar horizon with depth. This study compares the δ18O and δ13C values of calcretes from both provinces and discusses the controlling factors and environmental conditions. The δ18O and δ13C values are characteristic for the pedogenic calcretes. The Adana calcrete mean δ18O values of the hardpan, nodules and tubes, and fractures-infills are 0.69‰, 0.77‰, and 1.04‰ PDB heavier than those of the Mersin calcretes,respectively. The overall difference between the two groups …

Convergence-Aligned Foreland Magmatism In The Arabia-Anatolia Collision:Geochronological Evidence From The Karacadağ Volcanic Complex, South-East Turkey, Taner Eki̇ci̇, Colin G. Macpherson

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

New 40Ar/39Ar ages are presented for volcanic rocks from the Karacadağ Volcanic Complex (KVC) in SE Anatolia. These extend the oldest age recognised for the KVC for lavas from the Siverek Phase plateau basalt back to at least 17 Ma. Our data agree with prior studies that the second, Karacadağ Phase of igneous activity began at about 4.5 Ma with a peak between 2 and 1 Ma, but in contrast to previous work we find that this included volcanism on the Mt. Karacadağ ridge from the earliest part of this phase. Construction of the Mt. Karacadağ ridge coincided with development …

The Geochemical Signatures Of The Silurian?Devonian Succession In Easternsaudi Arabia, Mohamed Soua

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

This study was performed on 663 sandstone core and cutting samples taken from the Silurian?Devonian succession in five wells, located in eastern Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to correlate the Tawil Formation in the study wells, defining the lower Qalibah/ Tawil and upper Tawil/Jauf boundaries. The Tawil Formation is mostly characterized by clastic-dominated fluvial to marginal marine depositional environments. A chemostratigraphic correlation workflow was established using key element ratios and comprising four zones (C1 to C4) and five subzones (C2-1 to C2-3 and C3-1-C3-2). The chemostratigraphic zonation allowed robust characterization of stratigraphy in the uppermost Qalibah, Tawil, and lower Jauf …

Late Holocene Coseismic Rupture And Aseismic Creep On The Bolvadin Fault, Afyon Akşehir Graben, Western Anatolia, Çağlar Özkaymak, Hasan Sözbi̇li̇r, Mertkan Osman Geçi̇evi̇, İbrahi̇m Ti̇ryaki̇oğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Bolvadin Fault, which forms one of the northern boundaries of the Afyon Akşehir Graben, creeps aseismically on the surface of earth and has not generated surface-rupture earthquakes during instrumental time. Our geological mapping and palaeoseismological studies reveal that the Bolvadin Fault is an approximately 2 km wide and 16 km long, dip-slip normal fault. It could generate earthquakes up to Mw 6.48 roughly every 1 ka and the latest surface-rupture event (M > 6) occurred 494 ± 45 years ago on the Bolvadin Fault. The throw over the past 5 Ma is measured as approximately 500 m according to relative …

Structure And Kinematic Evolution Of The Southern Sivas Fold-Thrust Belt, Sivas Basin,Central Anatolia, Turkey, Michael Darin, Paul Umhoefer

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The architecture, kinematics, and timing of fold-and-thrust belt development provide essential first-order constraints on the structural evolution of continental collision zones. The southern Sivas fold-thrust belt (SSFTB) is a ~300 × 50-km-long, ENEtrending contractional belt located in the Sivas Basin at the western end of the Arabia-Eurasia collision zone, and along the İzmir- Ankara-Erzincan and Inner Tauride suture zones. We present new geologic mapping and the first detailed structural characterization and seismotectonic evidence of active deformation along the western and central segments of the SSFTB that provide new insights into the timing and kinematics of deformation associated with collision and …

Investigating Edge Detection, Curie Point Depth, And Heat Flow Using Emag2 Magneticand Egm08 Gravity Data In The Northern Part Of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Eren Pamuk

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The edge detection, the Curie point depths (CPDs), and the heat flow in the northern part of Eastern Anatolia were examined using EMAG2 magnetic and EGM08 Bouguer gravity data. Edge detection methods are extensively employed to delineate the edges of sources using potential field data. In the study area, the tilt angle, total horizontal derivative, theta map, and 3D Euler deconvolution methods were used to delineate the subsurface geology and heterogeneity. The 3D Euler deconvolution method was carried out to determine the depth of the subsurface magnetic and gravity anomalies. The Euler depth solutions show that the depths range from …

Mineralogy, Alteration, And Sulfur Isotope Geochemistry Of The Zehabad Intermediatesulfidationepithermal Deposit, Nw Iran, Somaye Shahbazi, Majid Ghaderi, Pura Alfonso

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Zehabad Pb-Zn-Au-Ag (Cu) deposit lies in the Alborz magmatic arc of northwestern Iran. Ore-bearing breccia veins hosted by Eocene tuffs emplaced along the 80?130° trending fault and fracture zone. Mineralization occurs in the contact of the late Eocene igneous bodies and the Eocene volcanic and volcanosedimentary Karaj Formation. Mineralization formed in five stages: 1) disseminated framboidal pyrite and minor chalcopyrite and sphalerite; 2) quartz veins containing chalcopyrite, bornite, pyrite, and sphalerite; 3) deposition of specularite and gold grains hosted in quartz veins that crosscut chalcopyrite; 4) the main stage of mineralization that contains galena, sphalerite, tennantite-tetrahedrite, pyrite, sulfosalts, and …

Response Of Vegetation In Open And Partially Wooded Fens To Prescribed Burning At Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Jane E. Austin, Wesley E. Newton

United States Geological Survey: Publications

The health and function of northern peatlands, particularly for fens, are strongly affected by fire and hydrology. Fens are important to several avian species of conservation interest, notably the yellow rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis). Fire suppression and altered hydrology often result in woody encroachment, altering the plant community and structure. Woody encroachment and its effects on biodiversity have become an increasing concern in the conservation and management of plant communities. This study evaluated the effects of spring and summer prescribed burns on the plant community, cover, and structure in open and partially wooded fens at Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan, using …

Pawnee Dam Inflow Design Flood (Idf) Update And Stage-Frequency Curve Development Using Rmcrfa, Jennifer P. Christensen, Joshua J. Melliger

United States Geological Survey: Water Reports and Publications

Pawnee Dam is one of the ten Salt Creek Dams designed and built in the 1960s to mitigate flooding in Lincoln, Nebraska. This short paper illustrates the update of the Pawnee Dam inflow design flood (IDF) through calibration to recent high flow events and the development of its stage-frequency or hydrologic loading curve with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ Risk Management Center Reservoir Frequency Analysis (RMC-RFA) model. The IDF update follows Engineering Regulation 1110-8-2, Inflow Design Flood for Dams and Reservoirs, including unit hydrograph peaking and two antecedent pool elevations. Background information on the original design of the dam …

Comparing Reservoir Sediment Yield, Depletion, And Sustainability Within The Missouri River Basin, Daniel B. Pridal, Paul M. Boyd, Larry J. Morong

United States Geological Survey: Water Reports and Publications

Repetitive reservoir storage capacity surveys are often thought to provide one of the most accurate methods to assess basin sediment yield. The Omaha District conducts a large scale sediment data collection and analysis program for six Missouri River mainstem and twenty-two tributary reservoirs. An analysis was conducted to compare the sediment yield, reservoir capacity, depletion trends, and comparison between projects for effects on project sustainability. Trend analysis is complicated by temporal variation in conservation practices that affect sediment yield, new reservoir survey techniques, and revised capacity computation methods. Results provide insight on the variation in basin sediment yield, reservoir depletion …

Droughtscape, Winter 2019, National Drought Mitigation Center

DroughtScape: Quarterly Newsletter of the National Drought Mitigation Center (2007–2023)

Contents

From the Director

Drought intensified in California and Nevada, eased elsewhere

Year in Review: Drought spread and intensified in the West; record precipitation in the East

Drought impact summary for 4th quarter 2018

Drought impact summary 2018

Five states began drought plan updates in 2018

New web-based form makes submitting drought observations easier

FEMA risk assessment process tailored for drought

Upcoming events

Long-Term Impacts Of Manure And Inorganic Fertilization On Soil Physical, Chemical And Biological Properties, Asmita Gautam

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The intensive use of mineral fertilizers to achieve high crop yield has led to soil degradation and poor soil health. Thus, manure application as an alternative to mineral fertilizers can be an effective fertilization strategy to improve soil health and biodiversity. This study aims to assess the impacts of long-term manure and mineral fertilizers on soil physical, chemical and biological properties. The experimental site was initiated in 2003 near Beresford, South Dakota on Egan soil under a randomized complete block design with four replications and six treatments. The study treatments included: three manure rates [low manure (LM), manure application based …

Brassica Carinata Growth And Yield Response To Nitrogen And Sulfur Fertilizers And Impacts On Selected Soil Parameters And Ghg Fluxes, Dwarika Bhattarai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Carinata (Brassica carinata A. Braun), a non-food oilseed crop and an alternative bio-jet fuel feedstock, has received attention for its potential as a low-input option for production in the semi-arid regions of the Northern Great Plains of USA. The crop has a lower N fertilizer requirement as compared to the other oilseeds, suggesting less negative impact on soils and GHGs emissions. Carinata is a new crop to South Dakota (SD), thus, the best management practices have yet to be developed. In addition, no sufficient research to address the impact of growing carinata on soils and GHG emissions has been …

Use Of Seismic Refraction In Determining Rock Mass Anisotropy, Mohammad Najmush Sakib Oyan

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Seismic refraction is a popular method used by geological/geotechnical engineers to understand subsurface conditions. This method along with information collected from borings produce a realistic image of the ground beneath us. The goal of this study is to define and test a set of procedures to use seismic refraction alone to create high quality images of subsurface conditions. The focus is on areas with several meters of soil overlain by bedrock. The application of these procedures will minimize construction costs by eliminating the need for multiple boreholes. The results show that two important criteria must be met for successful application …

Interpreting Vegetation And Soil Anomalies In The Guarumen Area Of Northwestern Venezuela Using Remote Sensing Applications, Tyler Edward Ricketts

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Guarumen area of Venezuela is a tectonically active region that is approximately 1,640 mi2 across the northern portions of the Barinas Basin and the foothills of the Mérida Andes. It is structurally influenced by the Caribbean plate to the north, the Nazca plate to the west, and the Maracaibo block against the Guyana Shield of the South American Plate. These result in an oblique boundary that gives rise to the fold-and-thrust belt of the Mérida Andes to the west, and the Caribbean Mountain system to the north, in concordance to the right-lateral shearing that is evidenced by the Boconó …

Coal Features And Depositional Environment Of The Northern Karapınar-Ayrancı Coaldeposit (Konya, Central Turkey), Riza Görkem Oskay, Kimon Christanis, Mert Salman

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Karapınar-Ayrancı deposit is the most significant one among the recently explored coal deposits in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to determine maceral, mineralogical, and elemental compositions of coal samples picked up from one borehole (DK-7) drilled at the northern part of the deposit. The coal samples display moderate to high ash yield (average 38.7%, on dry basis), high volatile matter yield (average 33.9%, on dry basis), high total sulfur (average 6.7%, on dry basis) and low hydrogen contents (average 4.8%, dry basis). Huminite is dominant, and liptinite and inertinite appear at low concentrations. The bulk coal …

Analyzing The Relationship Between Reconstruction And The Socio Economic Regions In Post Katrina New Orleans, Adrienne Swindle, Lisa Keys-Mathews

Geography

No abstract provided.

Episodic And Continuous Recharge Estimation From High-Resolution Well Records, Timothy Eaton

Publications and Research

Water table fluctuation (WTF) methods are a primary and well-established way to determine groundwater recharge based on the direct response of the water table to precipitation input. An emerging complexity of recharge is whether it occurs as an episodic and transient process, or a continuous steady-state process, however most studies have not focused on these short-term vs long-term timescales, in part because of a lack of data resolution. Here, high-resolution (subhourly) precipitation and water level data are analyzed for wells in the suburbs of New York City using two contrasting WTF approaches, with a common mathematical basis, that are suited …

Cliff-Top Dunes In The Lower Chippewa River Valley Of West-Central Wisconsin, Jason Millett

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

The purpose of this Master’s thesis is to investigate recently identified cliff-top sand dunes located within the Lower Chippewa River Valley (LCRV), Wisconsin, USA. Research within the LCRV notes the existence of a variety of aeolian deposits, but a comprehensive explanation of their complete spatial distribution, genesis, age, and paleoenvironmental significance does not exist. In particular, stabilized cliff-top dunes with a parabolic form remain poorly understood. This problem is exacerbated by a lack of clarity in the literature regarding the genesis of dunes in a cliff-top position. Therefore, this thesis begins by reviewing the literature concerning sand dunes in cliff-top …

Optimum Moisture Content And Maximum Dry Unit Weight For Compaction Of Interdisciplinary Science Center Soil, Rachel A. Lunstroth, Maria Camilla O'Toole, Melissa Simbler

2019 Symposium

Eastern Washington University’s is currently undergoing construction with the addition of the Interdisciplinary Science Center. A soil sample was collected from the construction site and over the course of Fall Quarter 2018 we performed a series of tests on this soil allowing us to classify the soil based on the Unified Soil Classification System. These tests include: a specific gravity determination test according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard D854, a sieve and hydrometer analysis according to the ASTM standard D422, and an Atterberg limits test according to the ASTM standard D-4318. We also performed a …

Mobile Terrestrial Photogrammetry For Street Tree Mapping And Measurements, John Roberts, Andrew Koeser, Amr Abd-Elrahman, Benjamin Wilkinson, Gail Hansen, Shawn M. Landry, Ali Perez

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Urban forests are often heavily populated by street trees along right-of-ways (ROW), and monitoring efforts can enhance municipal tree management. Terrestrial photogrammetric techniques have been used to measure tree biometry, but have typically used images from various angles around individual trees or forest plots to capture the entire stem while also utilizing local coordinate systems (i.e., non-georeferenced data). We proposed the mobile collection of georeferenced imagery along 100 m sections of urban roadway to create photogrammetric point cloud datasets suitable for measuring stem diameters and attaining positional x and y coordinates of street trees. In a comparison between stationary and …

Rapid Iceberg Calving Following Removal Of Tightly Packed Pro-Glacial Mélange, Surui Xie, Timothy Dixon, David M. Holland, Denis Voytenko, Irena Vaňková

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Iceberg calving is a major contributor to Greenland’s ice mass loss. Pro-glacial mélange (a mixture of sea ice, icebergs, and snow) may be tightly packed in the long, narrow fjords that front many marine-terminating glaciers and can reduce calving by buttressing. However, data limitations have hampered a quantitative understanding. We develop a new radar-based approach to estimate time-varying elevations near the mélange-glacier interface, generating a factor of three or more improvement in elevation precision. We apply the technique to Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland’s major outlet glacier. Over a one-month period in early summer 2016, the glacier experienced essentially no calving, and …

Geology Of Southeastern Nebraska, Robert Matthew Joeckel, Dana Divine, Leslie M. Howard, Kathleen Cameron, Michele M. Waszgis

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Medicine Hat Block And The Assembly Of Laurentia: New Interpretations From Single-Grain Zircon Analyses, Blake Oswell Ladouceur

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Medicine Hat Block (MHB) is one of the core cratonic elements that amalgamated in the Paleoproterozoic to form Laurentia. However the role of the MHB in the formation of Laurentia is poorly constrained due to virtually all of the MHB being concealed by Proterozoic and younger supracrustal sequences limiting availability of data. The primary sources of samples from the MHB are 1) xenoliths of variable metamorphic grade including gneisses amphibolites and meta-plutonic rocks collected from Eocene volcanic rock; and 2) similar lithologies recovered from boreholes that penetrate to the MHB basement. Previous work on samples from the MHB yielded …

Gypsum Karst Speleogenesis In Barber County, Kansas Of The Permian Blaine Formation, Kaitlyn Gauvey

Master's Theses or Doctor of Nursing Practice

Field reconnaissance examining the Permian Blaine Formation and the karst features within those rocks were conducted on two ranches in Barber County, Kansas. Karst features are developed dominantly in gypsum and include caves, sinkholes, losing streams, springs, and other surficial karst features. The Blaine Formation is known as a significant karst unit and major aquifer system in Oklahoma; however, little work has been conducted in Kansas. This study identifies the processes that lead to karst development in the Blaine Formation in Kansas and represents the first stage of a karst study to develop predictive karst models. This survey of caves …

Resuscitation Of Microalgae From Mississippi River Plume Sediments, Chase C. Chaplin, Marnie Tabor, Israel A. Marquez, Kanchan Maiti, Jeffrey W. Krause

Gulf and Caribbean Research

No abstract provided.

Island Invasion: The Silent Crisis In Hawaii, Sophia Janssen

Pomona Senior Theses

Keeping out invasive species may, upon first review, seem like a trivial environmental cry from ecologists and deep environmentalists; a belated wish to return to an undeveloped world where nature was pristine. However invasive species create problems that impact all of us and can have far more severe consequences than changing a stunning landscape. These problems are heightened in islands like Hawaii, where the fragile ecosystems have developed over centuries of evolution and adaptation. The introduction of a disease-carrying mosquito can put the people of Hawaii at risk to many vector-born illnesses and create an epidemic, taking human life. The …

Compositions And Structures Of Particulate And Colloidal Organic Matter In Aquatic Environment By Advanced Analytical Techniques, Yong Ran, Dainan Zhang, Shujie Hu, Yu Yang, Jingdong Mao

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Dissolved, colloidal and particulate organic matter (DOM, COM and POM) is important in the global carbon cycle and knowledge of their sources and structures can be critical to understanding their roles in biogeochemical cycles. This study explored the sources and chemical structures of COM and POM samples from the Pearl River Basin, China by elemental, chlorophyll a (Chl a), radiocarbon and stable carbon isotopic analyses, NMR techniques, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analysis. The chemical and nano-sclae structures of two ultrafiltered dissolved organic matter (UDOM) samples from surface seawater of the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean …