Earth Sciences Commons^™

The June 6, 2000, Orta (Çankırı, Turkey) Earthquake: Sourced From A New Antithetic Sinistral Strike-Slip Structure Of The North Anatolian Fault System, The Dodurga Fault Zone, Ali̇ Koçyi̇ği̇t, Bora Rojay, Mustafa Ci̇han, Arda Özacar

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The İsmetpaşa-Kargı section of the North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) consists of six subfault zones, namely the Eskipazar, the Ulusu, the Tosya, the Çerkeş-Kurşunlu, the Devrez and the newly detected Dodurga fault zone (DFZ). Together these fault zones form a well-developed dextral strike-slip-faulting pattern, in which the DFZ is an antithetic secondary strike-slip component, indicated by focal-mechanism solutions of moderate and large earthquakes that have occurred in the İsmetpaşa-Kargı section of the NAFS. The DFZ is a ~36-km-long, ~N-S-trending strike-slip structure located in the area between Saçak village in the north and Kösrelik village in the south. Pre-Upper Pliocene rocks …

Tectonic Implications Of Some Cretaceous Pillow Basalts From The North Anatolian Ophiolitic Mélange(Central Anatolia-Turkey) To The Evolution Of Neotethys, Bora Rojay, Kenan M. Yaliniz, Demi̇r Altiner

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The most widespread blocks within the North Anatolian ophiolitic mélange of central Anatolia (Turkey) are ophiolitic fragments, Jurassic-Cretaceous carbonate blocks and pillow basalts. The blocks of pillow basalts have an immobile trace-element geochemistry that is characteristic of ocean-island alkali basalts. An N-MORB-normalized spider diagram shows a distinctive enrichment of most incompatible trace elements and exhibits a far greater range of absolute abundances than N-MORB. Selected incompatible-element contents and ratios of basalts show high Ba/Nb (~8),low Zr/Nb(~5)and low La/Nb(~0.5)relative to N-MORB. The presence of thin-shelled \"Protoglobigerina\" and Cadosina associated with miliolids and epistominid foraminifers indicates that the age of the pink …

Post-Collisional Magmatism On The Northern Margin Of The Taurides And Its Geological Implications: Geology And Petrology Of The Yahyalı-Karamadazı Granitoid, Gonca Gençali̇oğlu Kuşcu, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu, İlkay Kuşcu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Karamadazı Granitoid (Yahyalı-Kayseri) is a typical example of bimodal magmatism on the northern margin of the Eastern Tauride belt. The Karamadazı Granitoid intrudes the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Yahyalı metamorphic rocks and is unconformably overlain by Upper Maastrichtian clastics. It consists of granodiorite-quartz diorite as the main intrusive phase, and includes leucogranites and aplitic dykes in its marginal parts. Samples from the Karamadazı Granitoid are calc-alkaline and calcic in character. The granodiorites are mainly metaluminous, whereas leucogranites and aplites are weakly peraluminous in nature. Plots of major-element oxides against SiO2 indicate a poor fractionation trend for the granodiorites. The leucogranites represent highly …

Geochemistry And Mineralogy Of The Skarns In The Çelebi District, Kırıkkale, Turkey, İlkay Kuşcu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Çelebi district is well known for its polymetallic Fe-W and Cu vein ores. These ores are hosted by calcic skarn zones, which are broadly classified as \"intrusive around skarn\" type. Both exoskarns (pyroxene-garnet) and endoskarns (epidote-pyroxene) occur in the district. The formation of endoskarns is manifested by complete replacement of plagioclase by epidote and pyroxene; the epidotized granitoids are regarded as incipient and/or early metasomatic products. The abundance of pyroxene in endoskarns tends to increase with plagioclase content and within the groundmass of the granitoids towards exoskarn zones. The increase in pyroxene is also coincident with the formation of …

A Proposal For A Method To Establish Natural-Hazard-Based Land-Use Planning: The Adapazarı Case Study, Alper Çabuk

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

As a result of recent disasters in northwest Turkey (Marmara earthquake August 17, 1999/Düzce earthquake November 12, 1999), many buildings collapsed and many people experienced physical and mental problems. We can suppose that the problems caused by these earthquakes will be solved in the future, but geological studies show that the problems will not disappear in that many scientists are predicting a new disaster that will affect the same region. A design of natural-hazard land-use planning for minimising the consequences of recent and possible earthquakes is presented herein. The Adapazarı case is used to demonstrate the fundamentals of this study. …

Obituary, Aral İ. Okay, M. Cemal Göncüoğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

No abstract provided.

Modeling Reptile And Amphibian Range Distributions From Species Occurrences And Landscape Variables, Geoffrey M. Henebry, Brian C. Putz, James W. Merchant

United States Geological Survey: Publications

An international symposium in October 1999 demonstrated the state of the art in modeling species occurrences (Scott et al. 2001). One clear message from the symposium was the broad diversity of approaches that constitute the state of the art. No single method excels, largely because of the very particular and local nature of the problem. Organisms both influence and respond to their local environment; thus, the same species may key in on different resources in different landscapes. Furthermore, modeling methods vary widely in their "transparency," which can inhibit transportability or robustness.
In order to provide an analytical modeling framework that …

At-Satellite Reflectance: A First Order Normalization Of Landsat 7 Etm+ Images, Chengquan Huang, Limin Yang, Collin Homer, Bruce K. Wylie, James E. Vogelmann, Thomas Defelice

United States Geological Survey: Publications

Regional Landsat applications often rely on clear and near cloud-free images. With the spectral value being represented by digital number (DN), however, such images contain substantial noises. A significant proportion of such noises can be normalized by converting the DN to at-satellite reflectance value. Being physically based and ready to automate, the conversion method can serve as a first order normalization of Landsat 7 images, making it possible to derive land surface information from such images more consistently.

A Strategy For Estimating Tree Canopy Density Using Landsat 7 Etm+ And High Resolution Images Over Large Areas, C. Huang, Limin Yang, Bruce K. Wylie, Collin Homer

United States Geological Survey: Publications

INTRODUCTION

The Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) consortium was initiated in early 1990s to address the need for consistently developed national and regional land cover data (Loveland and Shaw, 1996). Through this consortium, a 1992-vintage National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) was developed for the conterminous United States (Vogelmann et al., 2001), and a second generation National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD 2000) will be developed using 2000-vintage Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images and ancillary data. The 2000 NLCD will consist of a suite of data layers relevant to many applications, including a tree canopy density layer describing percentage of …

Regional Variations In Provenance And Abundance Of Ice-Rafted Clasts In Arctic Ocean Sediments: Implications For The Configuration Of Late Quaternary Oceanic And Atmospheric Circulation In The Arctic, R. L. Phillips, A. Grantz

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The composition and distribution of ice-rafted glacial erratics in late Quaternary sediments define the major current systems of the Arctic Ocean and identify two distinct continental sources for the erratics. In the southern Amerasia basin up to 70% of the erratics are dolostones and limestones (the Amerasia suite) that originated in the carbonate-rich Paleozoic terranes of the Canadian Arctic Islands. These clasts reached the Arctic Ocean in glaciers and were ice-rafted to the core sites in the clockwise Beaufort Gyre. The concentration of erratics decreases northward by 98% along the trend of the gyre from southeastern Canada basin to Makarov …

Protect Kentucky's Karst Aquifers From Nonpoint-Source Pollution, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Karst Occurrence In Kentucky, Randall L. Paylor, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

This map was compiled from a digital version of the 1:500,000-scale geologic map of Kentucky (Noger, M.C., comp., 1988, Geologic map of Kentucky: U.S. Geological Survey). The areas of potential karst development were delineated using stratigraphic units mapped on the geological map. The classification of the potential for karst development was based on the field experience of the authors and other data. A number of isolate carbonated unites that would not have otherwise been differentiated on the geologic map were newly digitized for this map.

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Pine Mountain Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-karst settings. Instead of flowing on the surface, the water flows underground through caves to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is influenced by the type of soluble rock and …

Exploring A Small Thrust Fault And Related Features On U.S. Highway 62/68, Near Maysville, Mason County, Kentucky, Paul Edwin Potter, John Grover, Gregory A. Schumacher

Map and Chart--KGS

One of the most unusual highway cuts in all of Kentucky is located approximately 395 ft (120 m) south of the high bridge that crosses Lawrence Creek on U.S. Highway 62/68, near Maysville, Mason County (see Figs. 1-2). The Carter coordinate location of the outcrop is 400 FSL x 900 FEL, 24-AA-69, which corresponds to 38°40'3" N latitude, 83°48'10" W longitude. The roadcut is approximately 1,315 ft (400 m) long, and rises in benches to a height of almost 110 ft (33 m). About 30 to 36 ft (9 to 11 m) of the Grant Lake Limestone is exposed at …

Geologic Map Of Kentucky, M. C. Noger

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Illustrated Physiographic Diagram Of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Mineral And Fuel Resources Map Of Kentucky, Warren H. Anderson, Garland R. Dever Jr.

Map and Chart--KGS

The production of minerals and fuels in Kentucky is a multibillion dollar industry. Historically, coal, oil, natural gas, limestone, sand and gravel, clay, fluorite, barite, lead, iron, phosphate, zinc, and brines have been produced in the state. These resources have greatly influenced the development of Kentucky by providing raw materials for the early settlers who settled the state and for current industrial and economic development. Electrical power for homes, businesses, and factories; materials for constructing houses, buildings, automobiles, and roads; and products we consume in everyday life come from the earth's mineral and fuel resources.

The ability to locate and …

Generalized Block Diagram Of The Inner Bluegrass Karst, James C. Currens

Map and Chart--KGS

Karst occurs where limestone or other soluble bedrock is near the earth's surface, and fractures in the rock become enlarged when the rock dissolves. Sinkholes and sinking streams are two surface features that indicate karst development. In karst areas most rainfall sinks underground, resulting in fewer streams flowing on the surface than in non-karst settings. Instead of flowing on the surface, the water flows underground through caves, sometimes reemerging at karst windows, then sinks again to eventually discharge at a base-level spring along a major stream or at the top of an impermeable strata. The development of karst features is …

Physiographic Diagram Of Kentucky, Kentucky Geological Survey

Map and Chart--KGS

No abstract provided.

Origin Of Silicic Volcanic Rocks In Central Costa Rica: A Study Of A Chemically Variable Ash-Flow Sheet In The Tiribí Tuff, R. S. Hannah, T. A. Vogel, L. C. Patino, G. E. Alvarado, W. Perez, Diane R. Smith

Earth and Environmental Geosciences Faculty Research

Chemical heterogeneities of pumice clasts in an ash-flow sheet can be used to determine processes that occur in the magma chamber because they represent samples of magma that were erupted at the same time. The dominant ash-flow sheet in the Tiribí Tuff contains pumice clasts that range in composition from 55.1 to 69.2 wt% SiO₂. It covers about 820 km² and has a volume of about 25 km³ dense-rock equivalent (DRE). Based on pumice clast compositions, the sheet can be divided into three distinct chemical groupings: a low-silica group (55.1–65.6 wt% SiO₂), a silicic …

Spatial Distribution Of Phosphorus In Fluvial Sediments From The James River Basin, Sw Missouri, Briain Fredrick

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Degraded ·water quality in the James River Arm of Table Rock Lake, southwest Missouri has raised concerns about sources and transport of nutrients, especially phosphorus, in the James River Basin. Sections of the James River Basin have been identified as having excessive nutrient problems on the Missouri Department of Natural Resources 303d list and ranked fifth in the state for water quality improvements. Understanding the sources and transport patterns of phosphorus in the James River is necessary to evaluate contamination problems and the effectiveness of management efforts to reduce phosphorus inputs to the lake. This study uses bed sediments to …

Spatial Patterns And Floodplain Contributions Of Mining-Related Contaminants In Chat Creek Watershed, Southwest Missouri, Jimmy Trimble

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Past mining activities have left a legacy of water quality problems in the Tri-State Mining District. Contemporary environmental risks stem from the release of lead and zinc from mine tailings previously dispersed far downstream in alluvial deposits as well as abandoned tailings piles. This study examines mining-related heavy metal contamination in the Chat Creek Watershed. Chat Creek drains the area near Aurora, Missouri on the eastern edge of the Tri-State District where mining occurred from 1886 to about 1930. This study identifies the spatial distribution of metal contamination in fluvial sediments and quantifies the role of bank erosion as a …

Spatial Assessment Of Nonpoint Phosphorus Sources Using Streambed Sediment Monitoring In The Kings River Basin, Nw Arkansas, Jason W. White

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

This study of the Kings River Basin provides a watershed-scale assessment of streambed sediment-Phosphorus (P) and its sources on the landscape. The Kings River drains into Table Rock Lake where surface algal blooms have concerned water scientists and disrupted summer tourism. There are questions about how sediment loads, widespread poultry and cattle operations, and sewage treatment plants are affecting water quality. Previous water quality studies across the U.S. have generally evaluated watercolurnn P. In contrast, few studies have used streambed sediment monitoring to detect P levels at a watershed-scale, and none have been attempted in the Kings River Basin. Sediment …

Characteristics Of The Weathering Zones Developed Within The Tuffs Of The Midas Monument, Tamer Topal, Burak Sözmen

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Midas monument, an impressive cult facade located in the southern part of the Eskişehir province in central Anatolia, Turkey, was made within tuffs (white and pink), which now have deterioration problems. In this study, the depth and characteristics of the weathering zones that have developed in the white and pink tuffs have been investigated through thin-section studies, X-ray powder diffractometry, methylene blue adsorption tests, major-element analyses, and some index parameters. It has been determined that the feldspar minerals are mechanically fractured due to weathering. The tuffs contain small amounts of clay minerals. An approximately 1-cm-thick silica-rich zone has developed …

Development Of A Basic Gis Database For The Yeşilırmak Watershed Provinces Using Satellite Images And Other Data, Hülya Yildirim, Erhan Alparslan, Mehmet Emi̇n Özel, Ci̇hangi̇r Aydöner, Samuray Eli̇taş, Nalan Jale Di̇van, Mehmet Dağci, Asli Süha Dönertaş

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Remote-sensing and geographic-information-systems (GIS) techniques were jointly used in this study to establish a GIS database system for the Yeşilırmak watershed provinces, which include Amasya, Tokat, Çorum, Yozgat and Samsun. Composite multicolour images (down to 6 m resolution) from the LANDSAT TM and Indian IRS C/D satellites, land-use/land-cover maps derived from these images, road networks, soil information, digital terrain model, slope and aspect information derived from digital elevation data and meteorological data at province level are the major constituents of this database. A 'project office' has been established with trained personnel at each province centre to effectively use the resultant …

Chronostratigraphy Of The Crp-3 Drillhole, Victoria Land Basin, Antarctica, M. J. Hannah, F. Florindo, David M. Harwood, Christopher R. Fielding, Cape Roberts Science Team

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

An 823 m thick glaciomarine Cenozoic section sitting unconformably on the Lower Devonian Beacon Supergroup was recovered in CRP –3. This paper reviews the chronostratigraphical constraints for the Cenozoic section. Between 3 and 480.27 mbsf 23 unconformity bounded cycles of sediment were recorded. Each unconformity is thought to represent a hiatus of uncertain duration. Four magnetozones have been recognised from the Cenozoic section. The record is complex with several “tiny wiggles” recorded throughout. Biostratigraphical or Sr ages, which could be used to link these magnetozones to the magnetic polarity time scale are restricted to the upper 190 m of sediment. …

Normal Faults And Extensional Folds Of Southwest Montana And Eastern Idaho, Susanne U. Janecke, J. J. Blankenau, C. J. Vandenburg, B. S. Van Gosen

Geosciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Before And After Riparian Management: Sediment And Nutrient Exports From A Small Agricultural Catchment, Western Australia, Lucy Mckergow, David Weaver, I Prosser, R Grayson, A. E.G. Reed

Conference papers and presentations

Riparian vegetation can trap sediment and nutrients coming from hillslopes and reduce stream bank erosion. This study presents results from a 10 year stream monitoring program in a small agricultural catchment near Albany, Western Australia. In 1996, a 1.6 km stream reach was fenced, planted with eucalyptus species and managed separately from the adjacent paddocks. Stream flow, nutrient and sediment concentration data were collected at the downstream end of the fenced riparian area between 1991 and 2000, so there are data for the “before” and “after” riparian management periods. Suspended sediment concentrations fell dramatically following riparian management; the average event …

Relationships Between Stream Order And Management Priority: A Water Quality Case Study, David Weaver, Adrian Reed, John Grant

Conference papers and presentations

Seagrass, which once dominated the habitat of Oyster Harbour on the south coast of Western Australia has been replaced by macroalgae because of increased nutrient and sediment discharge from the rural dominated catchment. Total Phosphorus (TP), Total Nitrogen (TN), Suspended Sediment (SS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) concentrations from a catchment – wide (168 sites), event-driven snapshot, water quality monitoring program conducted from 1994 to 1996, were analysed in relation to stream order and published survey data on riparian zone condition. This analysis was performed to examine relationships between stream order, riparian zone condition and water quality, and implications for the …

Evidence Of Different Magnetotail Responses To Small Solar Wind Pressure Pulses Depending On Imf Bz Polarity, Mark B. Moldwin, S. S. Mayerberger, Hamid K. Rassoul, Michael R. Collier, Ronald P. Lepping, James A. Slavin, Adam Szabo

Aerospace, Physics, and Space Science Faculty Publications

The response of the magnetotail to small flux rope associated pressure pulses depends on the IMF Bz polarity. Clear and large amplitude magnetotail reverse polarity South-then-North traveling compression regions (SN TCRs) are observed when the pressure pulse is associated with the northward IMF interval of the flux rope. These tail signatures correspond to small-scale (<10 minute duration) pulses of the solar wind dynamic pressure located in front of and within the small-scale flux ropes. Pressure pulses associated with IMF Bz southward are either absent or give rise to smaller amplitude compressions and less systematic lobe Bz rotations. These results suggest that the orientation of the IMF Bz plays a critical role in modulating the magnetotail response to solar wind dynamic pressure pulses.