Earth Sciences Commons^™

Are Troglobitic Taxa Troglobiomorphic? A Test Using Phylogenetic Inference, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas

International Journal of Speleology

Obligate cave dwelling organisms are frequently characterised by a peculiar morphological syndrome, named troglomorphosis or troglobiomorphosis. This hypothesis, which deals with the evolutionary influence of the subterranean environment on cave organisms is far from being universally accepted. Yet it has been adopted by many authors and is often included in the definitions of the current classification of cave taxa. In this paper I present a test of the troglobiomorphosis hypothesis, using the case study of the cricket clade Amphiacustae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae). Such a test preliminarily requires that observations of the habitat of the taxa (achieved on present-day populations) are …

The Hawaiian Cave Planthoppers (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) - A Model For Rapid Subterranean Speciation?, Hannelore Hoch

International Journal of Speleology

After the successful colonization of a single ancestral species in the Hawaiian Islands, planthoppers of the cixiid genus Oliarus underwent intensive adaptive radiation resulting in 80 described endemic species. Oliarus habitats range from montaneous rain forests to dry coastal biotopes and subterranean environments. At least 7 independant evolutionary lines represented by different species have adapted to lava tubes on Molokai (1), Maui (3), and Hawaii Island (3). Behavioral and morphological studies on one of these evolutionary lines on Hawaii Island, the blind, flight- and pigmentless Oliarus polyphentus have provided evidence for reproductive isolation between allopatric populations which may in fact …

Geographic Variation And Genetic Relationships In Populations Of The Androniscus Dentiger Complex From Central Italy (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Trichoniscidae), Gabriele Gentile, Giuliana Allegrucci

International Journal of Speleology

Androniscus dentiger is a terrestrial isopod distributed from Great Britain to North Africa, inhabiting humid edafic environments, superficial underground compartments and both natural and artificial caves. In this study allozyme data have been used to investigate the geographic variation and the genetic relationships of several populations of A. dentiger from Central Italy, using as outgroups populations from four congeneric species, A. calcivagus, A. cfr. subterraneus, A. spelaeorum, and A. degener. Multivariate analysis of A. dentiger allele frequencies indicates the existence of a group of populations (group A) distributed in a wide geographic area which are genetically …

Genetic Divergence And Evolutionary Times: Calibrating A Protein Clock For South-European Stenasellus Species (Crustacea Isopoda), Valerio Ketmaier, Roberto Argano, Marina Cobolli, Elvira De Matthaeis

International Journal of Speleology

We studied genetic divergence in a group of exclusively stygobiont isopods of the family Stenasellidae. In particular, we assessed evolutionary relationships among several populations of Stenasellus racovitzai and Stenasellus virei. To place this study in a phylogenetic context. we used another species of Stenasellus, S. assorgiai, as an outgroup. S. racovitzai occurs in Corsica, Sardinia and in the fossil islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, while S. virei is a polytypic species widely distributed in the central France and Pyrenean area. This vicariant distribution is believed to be the result of the disjunction of the Sardinia-Corsica microplate from …

Long Term Stability Of A Terrestrial Cave Community, Claudio Di Russo, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Marco Lucarelli, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

We report data on the spatial structure and seasonal variation of the community of Valmarino cave, a medium sized sandstone cave, located a few kilometres from the coast line, in Central Italy. Due to both its habitat features and its relatively recent geological history, Valmarino cave is only inhabited by terrestrial, troglophilic elements, i.e facultative cave dwellers. By means of monthly censuses and density plot estimates we have investigated species abundance, diversity and their spatial organization, by considering separately samples from different cave sectors. Homogeneous sampling design allowed to compare series of samplings performed in 1974 and 1994. On the …

Martel's Links With Usa, Trevor R. Shaw

International Journal of Speleology

Of the 29% foreign members in the Société de Spéléologie, five lived in the USA. They were Luella Owen (the only woman member of the Société), R. Ellsworth Cali, H.C. Hovey, E Van Epps and C. R. Blackall. E.S. Balch, though not a member, also knew Martel. These members, between them, published ten papers in Spelunca, which also reviewed their other work. The activities of these six, and their links with France, are discussed. Martel actively encouraged cave work in America, as elsewhere, and Hovey, who had been with him during the survey of Aven Armand, he knew quite well. …

Fernandez Bay, San Salvador, Bahamas: A Natural Laboratory For Assessment Of The Preservation Of Coral Reef Community Structure, Benjamin J. Greenstein, Lora A. Harris, H. Allen Curran

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Reprinted from: James L. Carew (ed.), Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on the Geology of the Bahamas: San Salvador, Bahamian Field Station

Guide To Bahamian Ichnology: Pleistocene, Holocene, And Modern Environments: A Field Trip Guide, H. Allen Curran, Brian White, Mark A. Wilson

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

This guide was prepared for the Fourth International Ichnofabric Workshop (IIW- 4) to be hosted by the Bahamian Field Station and held on San Salvador Island on March 15-22, 1997. About 35 scientists representing 15 countries are registered to attend the workshop.

The focus of discussion in the infonnal scientific sessions will be the uses of ichnofabric analysis in sedimentary geology. An ichnofabric is the texture or internal structure created within a sedimentary substrate from the bioturbating activity of organisms. Ichnofabric analysis is a new and emerging area of ichnology (the study of trace fossils), and its methods are proving …

Chemistry And Environmental Implications Of Thio-Red And 2,4,6-Trimercaptotriazine Compounds, Kevin R. Henke

Theses and Dissertations

Many compounds, including Thio-Red® and 2,4,6-trimercaptotriazine, trisodium salt (TMT-55), have been marketed to precipitate mercury and other heavy metals from water, including contaminated ground waters. For the products to be effective, information is needed on the chemistry of the products, how they precipitate metals from aqueous solutions, and the chemistries and stabilities of the precipitates.

CS32-, HS-, and S2- are the dominant sulfur species in Thio-Red®. They precipitate heavy metals from water as sulfides (e.g., HgS, PbS, and ZnS). Thio-Red® also contains traces of poisonous carbon disulfide (CS2). Additional CS2 could form from reactions between dissolved heavy metals and CS32-. …

Knickpoint Analysis Of Streams In North Dakota, South Dakota, And Nebraska, Trent D. Hubbard

Theses and Dissertations

Analysis of stream profiles, seismic reflection studies, engineering studies, and historical earthquakes indicates uplift in south-central South Dakota and north-central Nebraska over the last 5-10 ma. The purpose of this study was to determine if this uplift could be detected by constructing topographic profiles along, and in close proximity to several streams in this region. The Cannonball River, ND, was used to compare the streams in South Dakota and Nebraska to a stream beyond the affected area.

Data for the profiles were collected from 7 .5 minute topographic maps as well as GPS surveys. Abrupt changes in slope (irregularities) were …

The Characterization Of An Amiid Species From The Fort Union Rock Formation Of The Early Paleocene, Alexis Penot

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Paleoseismicity Of The North Branch Of The Newport-Inglewood Fault Zone In Huntington Beach, California, From Cone Penetrometer Test Data, Lisa B. Grant, John T. Waggoner, Thomas K. Rockwell, Carmen Von Stein

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Application of cone penetrometer testing (CPT) is a promising method for studying subsurface fault zones in stratified, unconsolidated sediment where trenching is not feasible. Analysis of data from 72 CPTs, spaced 7.5 to 30.0 m apart, and 9 borings indicates that the North Branch fault, the active strand of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIFZ) in Huntington Beach, has generated at least three and most likely five recognizable surface ruptures in the past 11.7 +/- 0.7 ka. Additional smaller earthquakes similar to the M-w 6.4 1933. Long Beach earthquake may also have occurred but would not be recognizable with this method. …

Weak Bands Within Ice Stream B, West Antarctica, Christina L. Hulbe, I. M. Whillans

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Kilometer-scale variations in ice velocity and surface topography are used to investigate the style of glacier deformation in the main body of Ice Stream B, West Antarctica. The pattern is very different from that reported for other glaciers. For the 250 km2 area studied on Ice Stream B, most of the observed deformation occurs within two narrow bands, in which there is large across-flow compression and slow lateral shearing. The bands underlie valleys in the ice-surface topography. Measured upward displacement of ice adjacent to the rapidly compressing bands appears to be linked to the creation of the ice stream's topography. …

The Significance Of E. A. Martel For Speleology In Slovenia, Andrej Kranjc

International Journal of Speleology

Three times Martel visited karst in Carniola: in 1879, 1893 and 1896. The importance of his visits and later publications lies in fact that he informed the francophone public about our karst and caves; his visit stimulated the introduction of new technical means into the then Austrian speleology (folding boat, portable telephone); in 1893 due to his researches Postojnska jama became the longest cave in Europe; public found out about existence of caving society Anthron, which was the first Slovene and Slav society of the kind; he set up the foundations of international speleological co-operation and included into it Austrian …

Martel's Voyage To Russia In 1903, Arrigo A. Cigna

International Journal of Speleology

The news concerning caves and karst reported in a Martel’s book on his voyage to Russia in 1903 are here listed and the cave maps are reproduced.