Earth Sciences Commons^™

Structural Investigations On Experimentally And Naturally Produced Slickensides, Thomas Michael Will

Geology Theses and Dissertations

This work has involved an experimental approach and a study of naturally produced slickensides.
The experiments, carried out on a pyrophyllitic rock, have been performed in order to define some extrinsic parameters that control surface and microstructural features. Normal stress, speed (i.e. strain rate), and amount of slip and total displacement were related to measureable surface features, such as length, and spacing between the developing ridges and grooves. Special attention was paid to a newly recognized type of slickenside lineation (Means, 1986). This lineation produced experimentally cannot be explained in terms of the traditional asperity ploughing or dissolution/precipitation models. It …

Petrology Of The Kula Volcanic Field, Western Turkey, Julie M. Dyer

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Kula volcanics are a small Pleistocene to Recent volcanic field located on the north shoulder of the Gediz graben, approximately 120 km east of Izmir. The field consists of a mixture of flows, small cones and pyroclastic deposits erupted during three periods of volcanic activity beginning about one million years ago. The volcanics range in composition from basanites to trachybasalts, commonly porphyritic with abundant clinopyroxene, olivine and amphibole phenocrysts. The lavas also host a wide variety of megacrysts, crustal xenoliths and hydrous mantle-derived nodules. These volcanics unconformably overlie Neogene lacustrine sedimentary rocks and the metamorphic basement rocks of the …

Structural Analysis Across The Northeast Boundary Of The Taconic Allochthon, West-Central Vermont, Thomas E. Hoak

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Taconic Allochthon is an elongate belt of Cambro-Ordovician, argillaceous sediments with lesser occurrences of calcareous and siliceous lithologies. These lithologically distinctive strata lie tectonically juxtaposed over a coeval medial-Ordovician carbonate shelf sequence. This geometry resulted from an arc-continent collision in which a westward-migrating arc (Ammonoosuc Volcanics) collided with an eastern North America passive margin and the accumulated accretionary prism of the forearc region was thrust onto the passive continental margin.
The present thesis examined the structural sequence at the north end of the Allochthon and the continuity of this sequence into the adjacent Parautochthonous Shelf strata. Structurally, the study …

Identification Of Endmembers For Magma Mixing In Little Sitkin Volcano, Alaska, Douglas A. Wolf

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Little Sitkin island is an Aleutian calc-alkalic volcanic center that has erupted a suite of lavas ranging from andesite through rhyodacite. Whole-rock chemistry of these lavas indicates contrasting evolutionary processes; major-oxide silica variation diagrams exhibit linear trends that are suggestive of magma-mixing while trace-element trends are largely controlled by accessory-phase fractionation.
Plagioclase, the dominant phenocryst phase in all lavas, commonly occurs in two distinct populations with markedly different compositions and textures. Both normal and reverse zonation is noted in the plagioclase and clinopyroxene of several samples. In addition, clinopyroxene is found as rims on orthopyroxene grains and as cores with …

Granitic Pegmatites In The Southeastern Adirondacks: Their Use As Indicators Of Temperature, Pressure, And Fluid Conditions During A Late Stage Of The Grenville Orogeny, John P. Mihalich

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Granitic pegmatites associated with the Grenville orogeny intrude a mid-Proterozoic, upper amphibolite to near granulite facies terrane in the southeastern Adirondack Mountains of New York State. The inferred anatectic, fluid-saturated, and minimum melt characteristics of the pegmatites suggest that they can be used as analogs of the "granite" or "haplogranite" system, and as indicators of crustal temperature, pressure, and fluid conditions during a late stage of the Grenville orogeny. Bulk chemical compositions of seven simple, undeformed pegmatites in the southeastern Adirondacks indicate that they are generally depleted in silica and sodium, and enriched in potassium, relative to experimental data on …

Geology, Geochemistry, And Geochronology Of The Lems Ridge Olistostrome, Klamath Mountains, California, Matthias Ohr

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The Lems Ridge olistostrome (LRO), located within the western Jurassic belt of the Klamath Mountains geologic province, is a melange unit showing a distinct block-in-matrix fabric. The conformable relationship to both an igneous basement and the overlying flysch of the Late Jurassic Galice Formation points to a sedimentary origin. The lack of pervasive deformation and the internal stratification also support a predominantly olistostromal origin of the LRO. The matrix of the LRO consists of pebbly mudstone which interfingers with tuffaceous greenstone and tuff-breccias. Subordinate beds of chert, argillite, and sandstone are also present. The matrix contains abundant ophiolitic clasts, fragments …

Geology Of The Northern Baie Verte Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada, Pamela J. Stella

Geology Theses and Dissertations

On the eastern portion of the Burlington Peninsula of northwest central Newfoundland, Canada, there are two different age groups of volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. There have been arguments in the past as to whether or not these two groups are actually only one group (Cape St. John Group) but with progressive intensity of deformation and metamorphism from south to north. Other workers have divided the rocks into two distinct groups, the Grand Cove Group and the Cape St. John Group based on their differences in deformation style and metamorphic grade. This study ignored previous divisions of the rocks into one …

Analysis Of Coal Samples From The Southwestern District, Kentucky (Clay, Jackson, Knox, Laurel, Lee, Mccreary, Owsley, Whitley, And Parts Of Bell, Clinton, Estill, Madison, Pulaski, Rockcastle, And Wayne Counties), James C. Currens, Linda Jean Bragg, James C. Hower

Information Circular--KGS

Chemical and petrographic data ore presented for 119 samples of cool collected in the Southwestern District, eastern Kentucky. The data include sample-site locations, sampling conditions, stratigraphic position, megoscopic description of the cool, air-drying loss, proximate and ultimate analyses, Btu content, forms of sulfur, initial deformation temperature, softening temperature, fluid temperature, free-swelling index, concentration of major- and minor-oxides and trace elements, and petrographic analyses.

Analysis Of Coal Samples From The Upper Cumberland District, Kentucky (Parts Of Bell, Harlan, Letcher, And Whitley Counties), James C. Currens, Linda Jean Bragg, James C. Hower

Information Circular--KGS

Chemical and petrographic data ore presented for 57 samples of cool collected in the Upper Cumberland District, eastern Kentucky. These data include sample-site locations, sampling conditions, stratigraphic position, megoscopic description of the cool, air-drying loss, proximate and ultimate analyses, Btu content, forms of sulfur, initial deformation temperature, softening temperature, fluid temperature, free-swelling index, concentration of major- and minor-oxides and trace elements, and petrographic analyses.

Analysis Of Coal Samples From The Big Sandy District, Kentucky (Floyd, Johnson, Martin, And Pike Counties), James C. Currens, Linda Jean Bragg, James C. Hower

Information Circular--KGS

Chemical and petrographic data ore presented for 146 samples of cool collected in the Big Sandy District, eastern Kentucky. The data include sample-site locations, sampling conditions, stratigraphic position, megoscopic description of the cool, air-drying loss, proximate and ultimate analyses, Btu content, forms of sulfur, initial deformation temperature, softening temperature, fluid temperature, free-swelling index, concentration of major- and minor-oxides and trace elements, and petrographic analyses.

Lake Weir Eutrophication Study: Final Report For Phases I And Ii, Thomas Crisman, Anne E. Keller, Jeffrey K. Jones, Henry Meier, John R. Beaver

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Depositional Environments Of A Portion Of The Bullion Creek Formation (Paleocene), Western Billings County, North Dakota, Rodney K. Perkins

Theses and Dissertations

The Bullion Creek Formation (Paleocene) in North Dakota is part of an Upper Cretaceous to Eocene wedge of siliciclastic rocks formed during uplift associated with the Laramide Orogeny. The Bullion Creek Formation consists predominantly of mudrocks , with fine-grained sandstone, lignite, and rare limestone lenses . Previous workers have postulated combinations of fluvial and lacustrine depositional environments for the rocks.

The study area covers 15 square kilometres in the badlands of the Little Missouri River in western Billings County, North Dakota, where approximately the upper 75 metres of the Bullion Creek Formation ls exposed. Twenty nine stratigraphic sections were measured …

Metamorphism In The Wabigoon Subprovince In The Vicinity Of Vermilion Bay And Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Christine K. Roob

Theses and Dissertations

The Wabigoon-English River subprovince boundary has been proposed by various workers to be either a fault, an unconformity, an intrusive contact or a gradational boundary. North of the Wabigoon Fault, in the Vermilion Bay-Dryden area, migmatization and partial melting of meta sediments have produced a variety of metatexitic and diatexitic migmatites. Because migmatites are not encountered in the Wabigoon subprovince proper and the area north of the Wabigoon fault is so different from the rest of the subprovince, it is thought that the area may constitute the southernmost part of the English River sub province.

The Wabigoon Subprovince is a …

Depositional Environments And Diagenesis, Winnipegosis Formation (Middle Devonian), Williston Basin, North Dakota, Nancy A. Perrin

Theses and Dissertations

In the Williston Basin, the Winnipegosis Formation is the major carbonate unit of the initial transgressive-regressive pulse of the Kaskaskia sequence. Twenty-two lithofacies were identified by well-log, core, and thin-section studies of Winnipegosis rocks; these belong to seven environments of deposition which include deep basin, deep shelf, shallow shelf, reef, lagoon, tidal flat, and evaporite basin. The deposition of the Winnipegosis and Prairie Formations were inter-related and occurred during six episodes. Following a brief hiatus separating the underlying Ashern Formation from the Winnipegosis, a clear, quiet, shallow-marine environment became established in the North Dakota portion of the Elk Point Basin. …

A Mineralogical Study Of The Harmon Lignite Bed, Bullion Creek Formation (Paleocene), Bowman County, North Dakota, Christopher J. Zygarlicke

Theses and Dissertations

Study of the Harmon lignite bed at the Gascoyne Mine in Bowman County, North Dakota showed that most of the minerals in the coal lithobodies were detrital in origin and that variable ash deposition during combustion may be caused by variations in types and quantities of mineral phases.

The Harmon bed is part of the Bullion Creek Formation (Paleocene). Objectives of this study included: to develop scanning electron microscope/microprobe techniques for the study of minerals in coal; to determine the origins of the mineral phases; to postulate a depositional environment for the Harmon lignite; and to ascertain whether variable ash …

Field Peas In The Wheatbelt, R J. French

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Plantings of lupins in the Western Australian wheatbelt increased rapidly in the late 1970s and early 980s as improved varieties became available and farmers realised the benefits to be gained from growing grain legumes. Grain legumes are useful not simply as alternative cash crops. They provide 'fixed' atmospheric nitrogewn to following cereal crops and act as a cleaning crop to break cereal disease cycles. They are also valuable sheep feed.

In 1975, throughout the wheatbelt, the Department of Agriculture began a comparison of several alternative legumes. The crops included field peas, faba beans, chickpeas, lentills and various vetches. Field peas …

Gypsum Use In The Wheatbelt, M R. Howell

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

One of the limitations to crop productivity in the wheatbelt is the poor structure of heavy textured soils. Many years of clearing and cultivation have caused the loss of soil organic matter and breakdown of soil aggregates - particles of sand, silt and clay - in the surface layers. This has led to the development of unstable soils with poor physical properties.

Although loss of soil structure is a serious problem, it can be reversed by altering the tillage practices that caused the problem. This improvement in soil structure and return to productivity can be a slow process. However gypsum …

34. Provenance And Deposition Of Lower Cretaceous Turbidite Sands At Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 603, Lower Continental Rise Off North Carolina, Mary Anne Holmes, James Breza, Sherwood Wise

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences: Faculty Publications

During the drilling of Hole 603B on Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 93, an unexpected series of sand-, silt-, and claystone turbidites was encountered from Cores 603B-45 through -76 (1224-1512 m sub-bottom depth). Complete and truncated Bouma sequences were observed, some indicating deposition by debris flows. Sand emplacement culminated with the deposition of a 30-m-thick, unconsolidated sand unit (Cores 603B-48 through -45).
The purpose of this preliminary study is to determine the nature of the heavy mineral suites of this sediment in order to make tentative correlations with onshore equivalents. The heavy mineralogy of Lower Cretaceous North American mid-Atlantic coastal …

Botanical Evidence For Holocene Movement Of Rock Streams In Arkansas, S. Marie Lookingbill, Malcolm K. Cleaveland, Margaret J. Guccione

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Botanical studies of rock streams on the western half of Rich Mountain and on the north slope of Mt. Magazine in Arkansas question the common presumption that such streams require periglacial conditions to form, and are now inactive relict features in this area. Trees along the margins of the streams examined show abundant evidence of trauma resulting from Late Holocene movement, in the form of bent and tilted stems. Cross sections of trees demonstrate marked eccentric growth associated with tilting and cambial trauma associated with corrasion by rocks. That this damage is not the result of excessive snow loading is …

Physiography And Hydrology Of The Upper Saline River, Saline And Garland Counties, Arkansas, John D. Rickett

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Saline River is one of two significant river systems in Arkansas that does not have a major impoundment. In the interest of continuing this status, this project was conducted. Thirty-five sites on the four major and six minor tributaries of the upper saline River, Saline and Garland Counties, Arkansas, were visited a total of 58 times between 24 January 1985 and 21 November 1986. Habitat quality was assessed by measuring twelve physicochemical features and flow parameters, analyzing substrate composition and describing stream morphometry. Physicochemical measurements were within the limits of good quality habitat, and most of the readings were …

Textural And Lithologic Differences Of Cretaceous, Tertiary, And Quaternary Gravels Of South Arkansas, Lesli Wood

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Stream gravels have been derived from the Ouachita Mountains since at least Cretaceous times. Past studies have assigned ages to gravel deposits in the basins of the Saline and Little Missouri Rivers on the basis of altitude above local floodplains. This study examines the lithologies and textures of seven gravel outcrops ranging in age from Cretaceous to Quaternary to determine whether any patterns of variation based on assigned ages, variable sources, or precise depositional setting can be discerned. No variation patterns could be found for size distributions of sand-sized and larger fractions. However, the amount of silt-clay matrix decreases through …

Textural And Mineralogical Characteristics Of Altered Grande Ronde Basalt, Northeastern Oregon : A Natural Analog For A Nuclear Waste Repository In Basalt, Paul M. Trone

Dissertations and Theses

Altered flows that are low-MgO chemical types of the Grande Ronde Basalt crop out in the steep walls of the Grande Ronde River canyon near Troy, Wallowa County, Oregon. The alteration effects in these flows are being investigated as a natural analog system to a high level nuclear waste repository in basalt. The flows within the study are referred to as the analog flow, in which the alteration effects are the strongest, and the superjacent flow. The analog flow crops out at Grande Ronde River level and a roadcut-outcrop is developed in the flow-top breccia of this flow. The two …

Glacial Deposits, Vol. 15, 1986-1987, Department Of Geography-Geology

Glacial Deposits

Newsletter of the Department of Geography-Geology

Banks : A Method Of Financially Assessing Banks Used To Mitigate Water Erosion In South-Western Australia, John S. Salerian, D J. Mcfarlane

Resource management technical reports

No abstract provided.

The Evolution Of Non-Relictual Tropical Troglobites, Francis G. Howarth

International Journal of Speleology

The discovery of terrestrial troglobites living in caves on young oceanic islands with close epigean relatives living in nearby surface habitats offers unique opportunities to develop and test hypotheses concerning their evolution. Studies comparing the physiological ecology of troglobites with their epigean relatives suggest that troglobites are highly specialized to exploit resources within the system of interconnected medium-sized voids (mesocaverns) and only colonize cave passages (macrocaverns) with a stable, water vapor-saturated atmosphere. Few other animals can live in the mesocaverns. Rather than being relicts isolated in caves by the extinction of their epigean ancestral population, troglobites appear to evolve by …

The Role Of Gradualism And Punctuation In Cave Adaptation, David C. Culver

International Journal of Speleology

The theory of punctuated equilibrium, offers a potential explanation for the profound morphological changes that accompany isolation in caves. I consider three aspects of punctuation theory: the association of morphological change with speciation; periods of stasis; and the number of genes controlling a trait. If the evolution of cave organisms is associated with speciation, then speciose groups and cave species derived from other cave-limited species should show increased adaptation. Analysis of Kane and Barr’s data on the subspecies of Neaphaenops tellkampfi and Holsinger’s data on crangonyctid amphipods fails to provide any support for the hypothesis. If the evolution is characterized …

Stratigraphic Sections In The Ste. Genevieve Formation (Middle Mississippian) Exposed In Garrison Chapel Karst Area Caverns - Western Monroe County, Indiana Usa, Garre A. Conner

International Journal of Speleology

The Ste. Genevieve Formation and related strata in the Blue River Group comprise more than 75 meters of Middle Mississippian carbonate deposition across the Indiana portion of the Eastern Interior Basin in Valmeyeran seaways. Forty kilometres of subterranean caverns occur in this carbonate rock sequence in the Garrison Chapel karst area where blind valleys are a striking topographical feature. The bedrock floor of a karst valley is locally accordant with a continuous horizon of lithographic limestone named Indian Creek Beds and illustrated on five cavern stratigraphic reference profiles.

Les Mésaventures Des Sources De L'Estavelle Et De L'Inversac En Languedoc Méditerranéen, Bernard Gèze

International Journal of Speleology

The Estavelle and the Inversac are two celebrated springs in the Mediterranean Languedoc (South of France). Unfortunately, the first one has been chosen as a type for the karstic cavities alternatively absorbing or discharging the waters, according to the season, which has never been the case. On the opposite, the second one can be taken as model for this alternation as swallow hole or emergence.

Nitrogen And Phosphorus Rates On Wheat, J W. Bowden

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87MO69

Nitrogen and phosphorus rates on wheat.

Location: Cadoux

To characterize an N x P response surface on wheat and test out recommendation system, NP Decide.

Phosphorus Levels And Disease On Lupins, J W. Bowden

Experimental Summaries - Plant Research

Trial 87LG39 (81LG29) 87ME62

Location: Pingaring.

It has been suggested that high levels of phosphorus application to lupins can reduce the impact of leaf and root diseases. Two old rotation trials provided a range of disease burdens, across which phosphate rates on lupins were applied. Disease scores, vegetative yields, phosphorus concentration and seed yields were measured.

(Details in Mark Sweetingham's report)