Earth Sciences Commons^™

Land Use Effects On Shallow Earth Resistivity, Gary James Barton

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Geophysical Investigation Of A Possible Astrobleme In Southwestern Michigan, Suhas L. Ghatge

Masters Theses

A circular pattern to the oil production in Calvin Township, Cass County, Michigan, absence of about 1200 feet of Ordovician sediments and uplift indicated by a deep drill hole in the center of the productive area and absence of anomalies on the regional gravity and magnetic maps led to detailed gravity and magnetic surveys over this structure to delineate it and provide information regarding its genesis.

The Bouguer gravity and magnetic anomaly maps show no anomaly associated with the structure. The 28-mile wavelength second harmonic residual gravity and magnetic maps show linear features in the area. Two dimensional gravity modeling …

Structural Geology Of The Northern Snowcrest Range, Beaverhead And Madison Counties, Montana, Mark Kenneth Sheedlo

Masters Theses

The Snowcrest Range was uplifted in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time as a consequence of thrusting in Precambrian basement and Phanerozoic cover rocks.

The Snowcrest-Greenhorn thrust system is associated with largescale overturned, eastward verging folds. Mean orientation of the thrust system is N.40°E., 35°N.W.. The trend of the thrust system and associated transverse faults appear to be controlled by earlier structures. Mesoscopic and microscopic analyses indicate that metamorphic basement rocks accommodated congressional strain largely by brittle faulting and cataclastic shearing. Kinematic indicators suggest that local stresses were directed east-southeastward.

Northeast-trending Neogene faults along the western flank of the range …

Sediment Oxygen Demand In Streams Receiving Sewage Effluent, John J. Schultz

Masters Theses

Sediment oxygen demand is an important factor in determining dissolved oxygen concentrations in streams and rivers subjected to sewage effluents and other sources of organic pollution. Resuspension of sediments during bottom-scouring after periods of heavy precipitation exerts an immediate and increased oxygen demand on the water and is expected to decrease sediment oxygen demand at the site.

Sediment samples were collected monthly from April through November, 1983 from three small streams subjected to sources of organic pollution. The samples collected were arbitrarily categorized into wet and dry period samples based on the total precipitation between collection dates. Sediment oxygen demand …

Oil Producing Upper Cherokee And Lower Marmaton (Pennsylvanian) Channel Sandstones Of Jackson And Cass Counties, Missouri, Stephen Thomas Carroll

Masters Theses

"Approximately 240 gamma ray-neutron logs were interpreted and correlated in an attempt to isolate separate channels collectively referred to as "Squirrel" sands in the upper Cherokee and lower Marmaton (Pennsylvanian) rocks of Jackson and Cass counties, Missouri. Isopach maps were prepared for two of the identifiable fluvial sandstones and a structure map was drawn on the laterally extensive Anna Shale.

The term "Squirrel" has been applied to as many as five different sandstone packages, and thus, has been the source of a great deal of confusion. In an attempt to sort out the confusion this thesis recognizes and defines three …

Lithology And Sedimentology Of The Graydon Springs Channel, Pennsylvanian Of Southwestern Missouri, Gregory Lee Easson

Masters Theses

"The Graydon Springs Member of Southwest Missouri, here assigned to the Warner Formation of Pennsylvanian age was sampled and examined in order to document the lithology, sedimentology, source area, stratigraphic position, and overall geologic history of these channel-like bodies. The member is composed of an upper sandstone unit and a lower conglomerate unit.

Laboratory investigations of thin sections indicate that the sandstone unit is composed of well sorted, well rounded quartz and minor amounts of accessory minerals cemented with iron oxide, commonly hematite. Field observations indicate that the conglomerate unit is composed of very poorly sorted, very well rounded chert …

Relation Of Bitumen To Ore In The Magmont West Orebody, Southeast Missouri, Mark Alan Marikos

Masters Theses

"Bitumen in the form of oil blebs from the Magmont West orebody of the Viburnum Trend was examined and analysed in an attempt to relate hydrocarbon distribution and origin to ore genesis. Hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen percentages were determined by elemental analyses. Trace element composition was determined by emmission spectroscopy and the composition of the bitumen was calculated with respect to aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons and NSO (nitrogen-sulfur-oxygen) components. The bitumen and kerogen from associated shale samples were evaluated by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and pyrolysis-gas chromatography.

The bitumen was calculated to be approximately 40 to 50 percent aromatic and …

Environment Of Deposition Of The A-1 Carbonate, Salina Group, Michigan Basin, Barbara June Leonard

Masters Theses

The lower Salina Group of the Michigan Basin is composed of a cyclic succession of carbonate and evaporite units. The lowermost Salina unit is the A-1 unit which consists of a lower A-1 evaporite and an upper A-1 carbonate. The A-1 unit is underlain by Niagara Group carbonates. The transition from Niagaran carbonates to A-1 evaporite to A-1 carbonate has not been thoroughly understood and previous models have not satisfied some of the evidence. This paper sets forth the hypothesis that the A-1 carbonate was deposited in a non-marine lake environment rather than an isolated marine environment. Findings supporting this …

A Magnetic And Resistivity Survey Of Cork Street Landfill, Stanislaw Leja

Masters Theses

Geophysical techniques such as magnetic and electrical resistivity methods are being increasingly applied in investigations of landfills.

For this survey, measurements of the intensity of the earth's magnetic field were taken at regular intervals along traverses. Resistivity readings were taken at selected intervals along the same or very similar traverses. Additional resistivity depth measurements or soundings were obtained at selected points in and around the landfill.

Profiles were analyzed for individual dump structures and for overall magnetic and resistivity response. Contour maps were drawn from the measurements at the site to depict broad trends or patterns. Deeper subsurface geology was …

The Geology Of The Southern Bull Mountain Area, Jefferson County, Montana, Michael Edward Streeter

Masters Theses

The Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary Laramide orogeny was responsible for the northward tilting of the pre-Eocene rocks of the area. The Late Cretaceous deposition of the Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics resulted in the volcanic-Madison Group unconformity. Late Cretaceous faulting took place probably in response to caldera subsidence. Laramide uplift erosion and downstream transport resulted in the deposition of the Conrow Creek conglomerate and debris flows over the Lodgepole Limestone. Block faulting took place in response to regional extension probably during Late Oligocene-Early Miocene time resulting in the formation of the St. Paul's Gulch, Golden Sunlight, and Boulder basin faults. The Oligocene Dunbar …

A High Resolution Ground Magnetic Study Of Part Of The Albion-Scipio Trend, Steven James Hoin

Masters Theses

A detailed high resolution ground magnetic survey was conducted over part of the Albion-Scipio Oil Field Trend. The purpose of the survey was to delineate any magnetic anomalies associated with the trend. A field method using two magnetometers was employed. Sixteen simultaneous readings were taken at a mobile and a base station, and the field operator read the total field values using a 'T ', or similar pattern. This method eliminated much of the noise associated with ground surveys. The resulting residual magnetic map indicates that the basement rocks consist of mafic and felsic, dikes and plutons. Several discontinuities are …

Design, Construction, And Testing Of A Microprocessor-Controlled Interface Between Analog Geophysical Equipment And A Digital Cassette Recorder, Mohd. Nawawi Mohd. Nordin

Masters Theses

A Digital Data Acquisition System (DDAS) microcomputer was designed and constructed to interface between a six-channel analog seismograph and a digital cassette recorder. The DDAS microcomputer is a relatively inexpensive microcomputer built around the popular Z-80 microprocessor chip. It is portable and has 26K bytes of memory. It was designed to convert analog data in to digital with some processing performed before storing on the digital cassette recorder, for later analysis. The same hardware or circuitry of the DDAS microcomputer can perform other functions and work with other geophysical equipment by changing the software of the microcomputer.

Sedimentation Rate Of Salt Determined By Micrometeorite Analysis, James Matthew Barnett

Masters Theses

The sedimentation rate of the A-l Evaporite of Michigan was determined by analysis of micrometeorites found as inclusions in the halite deposit. The samples were obtained from the Dow Chemical Company salt well number eight. The residue from the dissolved salt was magnetically separated and later analyzed by Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), X-ray diffraction , and microprobe techniques. The amount of extraterrestrial material was determined from the quantity of nickel present.

A sedimentation rate of .01 to .4 centimeters per year was calculated for the salt based on a constant influx rate of meteoritic material of 1 x 10 …

The Geology And Geochemistry Of The Summit Creek Molybdenum Prospect, Custer County, Idaho, Thomas Murray Hanna

Masters Theses

The Summit Creek stock, a molybdenum prospect located in the Pioneer Mountains of central Idaho, is a 46.7 m.y. old medium grained, slightly porphyritic quartz monzonite, which has intruded the late Ordovician Phi Kappa formation. Trend surface analysis shows that the stock is the product of one intrusive event. Pervasive mineral alteration usually associated with such porphyry (stockwork) molybdenum deposits is not present in this pluton, and the alteration that is present is confined to local faults and fractures.

Geochemical and petrographic evidence suggest that the pluton is a felsic differentiate from a melt which originated at a depth of …

Electrical Resistivity Survey Near The "Kl" Avenue Landfill, Kalamazoo County, Michigan, David W. Hall

Masters Theses

The KL Avenue Landfill near Kalamazoo, Michigan has recently become an area of ground water contamination. As of April, 1979, the landfill was closed due to contaminated wells to the west. This area was chosen to study because preliminary electrical resistivity surveys indicated that the approximate areal extent and depth of the contamination may be located without the additional cost of drilling wells. It is the intent of this study to use the Schlumberger Vertical Electrical Sounding method to construct a hydrogeologic model for this area.

This study is a rather critical test of the Schlumberger VES method in a …

The Geology Of Burnt Ridge Quadrangle And Vicinity Ravalli County, Montana, Randall Reichert

Masters Theses

Peltitic schist, quartzofeldspathic gneiss, and calc-silicate rocks of the Precambrian Belt Supergroup hav ebeen intruded by granatic plutons of the northeastern Idaho batholith within the vicinity of the southern Bitterroot Range, Montana. These units were mylonitized along the eastern margin of the intrusive complex, with shear surfaces presently dipping approximately 20° to the east. Rhyolitic ash flows and associated mafic to felsic dikes developed on and within the granitic-metamorphic terrance during Tertiary time. Numerous northeast- trending and northwest-trending faults and joints are present throughout the mapped region.

The following events play a major role in the geologic history: 1) amphibolite- …

Raw Water Quality In The New Charleston, Illinois Pump Storage Reservoir, Kevin G. Lookis

Masters Theses

Charleston, Illinois, a city located in east-central Illinois, recently implemented a new concept in a raw water system. Due to storage capacity-sedimentation problems in the old Lake Charleston-Embarras River raw water supply, the Charleston Pump Storage Reservoir was constructed. The new system involved building a dike separating the Lake Charleston impoundment from the Embarras River. Water to increase the storage capacity of the reservoir can now be selectively pumped into the impoundment from the river.

Raw water quality in the reservoir was monitored on a weekly basis for a full year from August, 1981 to August, 1982. The levels of …

Residual Phytotoxicity Of Mon-097 In Sludge Enriched Soils, Jennifer A. Woods

Masters Theses

Aerobically and anaerobically digested sludges were added to soil at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, and 10% (v/v). Dry weights of Avena sativa var. Noble plants, harvested 28 days after planting, were greater with increased sludge concentrations. Plant dry weights were consistently greater with aerobically than with anaerobically digested sludge. MON-097, an acetanilide herbicide, was applied to these soil/sludge mixtures at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 ppm. Residual phytotoxicity of MON-097 was not significantly affected by sludge concentration. These results suggest that increased concentrations of sludge in the soil do not contribute to detoxification …

Mineralogy And Chemistry Of The Tuff On Pritchards Station, East-Central Nevada, Stanley Christopher Hatfield

Masters Theses

"The Tuff of Pritchards Station in east-central Nevada is a little-known ash-flow tuff of limited areal extent. A detailed study of this tuff was conducted to determine if it is a distinctive unit which can be correlated from one locality to another.

Mineralogical and chemical data indicate that the Tuff of Pritchards Station displays significant lateral variability. Lateral variations in mineralogy include changes in total crystal content and the amount and grain size of individual minerals present over the area studied. Chemically, the tuff is a quartz latite to rhyodacite in composition. However, certain elements, most noteably titanium, show considerable …

Lithofacies Analysis Of The Roubidoux Formation, South Central Missouri, Michael William Harbaugh

Masters Theses

"Lithologic and thickness data of the Lower Ordovician rocks of the Roubidoux Formation, south central Missouri, were interpreted from sample logs. Maps included are based on structure, thickness and lateral and vertical lithologic variability. Sand distribution in the Roubidoux is represented by a "sand percentage" map, a "sand isolith" map, and a "tripartite sand distribution" map. The Roubidoux Formation consists of a sequence of dolomite, sandy dolomite, sand and chert. It is believed that the Roubidoux was deposited on a stable marine platform receiving a supply of elastics from the north and northeast. The sands were deposited by longshore or …

Geochemistry And Petrology Of The Cold Springs Breccia Formation, Wichita Mountains, Oklahoma, Dana Marie Vidrine

Masters Theses

"In the Wichita province of southwestern Oklahoma the Cold Springs Breccia Formation, exposed in a 15 km² area in Kiowa County, is characterized by blocks and pillows of microdiorite surrounded by pink granite. Intimately associated with this mixed zone are sill-like bodies of intermediate rocks, granodiorites and tonalites. The intermediate rocks have been interpreted as hybrids produced by assimilation of microdiorite by granitic magma, and the mixed zone has been interpreted as an intrusion breccia formed at the margins of the hybrid sills.

Major, minor and trace element data have been obtained on a suite of granites, intermediates, and …

Lead-Zinc Metallotects Of The Ozark Dome, Linda Leigh Mallery

Masters Theses

"This is a regional study of the relationship between Mississippi Valley-type mineral deposits and structural features of the Ozark dome which resulted in the description and classification of lead-zinc "metallotects". A more accurate delineation of the Ozark dome was accomplished by examining the gradient and structural contour lines of its Precambrian basement. A general background on the geology, structure, and evaluation of the Ozark dome was discussed along with the stratigraphy, structure, and ore deposits of the major lead-zinc districts of the Ozark dome in order to develop the background data for the application of the "metallotect" concept. The major …

Pennsylvanian Deltaic Sedimentation In Grand Ledge, Michigan, Jeffrey R. Martin

Masters Theses

Pennsylvanian outcrops along the Michigan Basin's southern/margin are composed of fluvial-deltaic and marine shelf sediments. Constructive deltaic facies include point-bar sandstones displaying erosional bases, channel lag, and upward decreasing grain size and sedimentary structures. Cross-stratification data indicate a unimodal, highly variant, northward-trending, paleocurrent pattern that deviates from regional paleoslope. Point-bar sandstones record delta plain deposition by meandering distributary channels. Channel margin facies include Lingula-bearing, interdistributary bay shales; overlain gradationally by laminated, flaser-bedded and rooted marsh shales and siltstones; and subbituminous swamp coal. Bay-fill facies are interrupted by lens-shaped, quartz-poor, fine-grained, crevasse-- splay sandstones.

Delta destructive facies--quartz -rich bioturbated sandstone-- suggest …

The Origin Of Carbonate Cements In Bahama Escarpment Limestones, Katharine D. Fulker

Masters Theses

Limestones recovered from Bahama Escarpment dives (DSRV Alvin, 1978) were expected to contain shallow marine, freshwater, and deep marine cementation since the limestones had been fractured, bored, and cemented at depth. Magnesium and trace element concentrations, carbon-oxygen composition, cathodoluminescence, and petrographic study indicated the presence of all three cement types.

Lithification may have proceeded by allochem deposition, major shallow marine cementation, sparse freshwater cementation leaving porosity, fracturing, and final deep marine cementation leaving minor porosity. According to this interpretation, the pore space remained open for an unlikely 75-115 million years. In an alternative interpretation, pore space is occluded after freshwater …

Nitrate Levels In The Groundwater Of Kalamazoo County, Michigan, William Robert Norman

Masters Theses

Nitrate levels from 1,978 wells were compiled and analyzed to identify areas having levels above the Federal and State Drinking Water Standards of 10 ppm, identify possible sources of nitrate in each area and determine factors that produce high concentrations of nitrate in groundwater.

Eighteen areas in which nitrate concentrations exceeded 10 ppm were identified. County-wide, 465 (23 percent) of the wells for which data were available produced water with nitrate concentrations above drinking water standards.

Septic tank effluent is thought to be the most common source of nitrate in the problem areas. Agricultural practices are also likely nitrate contrbutors; …

The Effects Of Precipitation On The Quality Of Ground Water And Leachate Seeps At A Stabilizing Landfill, Nicholas C. Pogoncheff

Masters Theses

A monitoring program was established at a landfill in Kalamazoo County, southwestern Michigan to determine the effects of precipitation on selected parameters in landfill lechate as surface seeps and ground water. Approximately 280 ground-water and surface-water samples were collected from monitoring wells and leachate seeps during more than 11 precipitation events throughout the summer and fall of 1981 and analyzed for specific conductance, pH, chloride, and iron.

Results of the study indicate that infiltration through the refuse due to precipitation is a major factor in controlling the levels of selected leachate characteristics and that with high infiltration rates concentrations will …

The Features And Significance Of Layering And Shearing Within The Zone Of Mylonitization, Northeastern Idaho Batholith, Jon Michael Hermann

Masters Theses

The northeastern border zone of the Idaho batholith contains a north-south trending zone of myionitized gneiss, schist, and granite-granodiorite. The schist and gneiss contain plagioclase augen surrounded by crushed and recrystallized biotite, quartz, feldspar, + muscovite, + hornblende. The granite grades upward from porphyritic rock into augen-bearing mylonitic rocks interlayered with schist and gneiss.

Radiometric And Petrochemical Characteristics Of The Dells Granite, Yavapai County, Arizona, Kenneth Stewart Fleck

Masters Theses

"The Dells granite of central Arizona, an alkaline granite containing accessory fluorite and tourmaline, contains anomalously high amounts of uranium. Gamma-ray spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence, petrographic, and autoradiographic methods were used to determine the contents and distribution of equivalent U, Th, K, and ten major element oxides within the granite pluton. The range of uranium content is 0 to 39.7 parts per million (ppm) with the mean equivalent U content 8.8 ppm; eTh, 26.8 ppm; and K, 4.8%. The average uranium content is about twice the average of western United States granites, the thorium content slightly less than average. The Th/U …

An Analysis Of Nitrate Concentrations In The Ground-Water Of Antwerp Township, Van Buren County, Michigan, John Emil Klanke

Masters Theses

Private wells were tested for nitrate during the spring of 1979 throughout sections of Antwerp Township, Van Buren County, southwestern Michigan (sections 1-5, 7-22, 24-26, 28-31, 33-36). Water samples were collected from 159 private wells and analyzed for nitrate. Nitrate concentrations ranged from less than 1 mg/1 NO₃-N to 14.6 mg/1 NO₃-N. Seven wells were found to have nitrate concentrations equaling or exceeding the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Standard of 10 mg/1 NO₃-N. Nitrate concentrations were related to age of septic system, well depth below static water level, land use, and soil type. …

Structural Analysis Of Precambrian Metasedimentary Rocks Of The Swede Gulch Formation, Nahant, South Dakota, Richard G. Cookman

Masters Theses

Precambrian X tectonites deformed between thermal domes in the northern Black Hills 1.7 B.Y.B.P. display variably trending isoclinal folds cross-cut by southeast trending slip-folds developed in discrete shear zones. Eugeosynclinal sedimentary rocks consisting of shale, quartzarenite , sublitharenite, and graywacke were metamorphosed to phyllite, quartzite, and metagraywacke during two syntectonic phases and one post-tectonic phase. The earliest syntectonic metamorphism was associated with development of isoclinal folds and may have produced amphibolite or greenschist facies. It was succeeded by retrograde metamorphism of greenschist facies syntectonic with and post-tectonic to development of southeast trending folds.

Mica, chlorite, iron oxides, and graphite are …