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International Journal of Speleology

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Overview Of The 8th International Symposium On Vulcanospeleology, William R. Halliday Jan 1998

Overview Of The 8th International Symposium On Vulcanospeleology, William R. Halliday

International Journal of Speleology

In February 1998 the 8h International Symposium on Vulcanospeleology was hosted by CEGEA (Cave Exploration Group of East Africa) in Nairobi, Kenya: it was attended by 16 scientists coming from 4 continents. Pre- and Post- Symposium excursions allowed the participants to have an overview on the most important and famous volcanic cave of that area.

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Tectonic Caves Of Solai In The Kenyan Rift Valley, Robert A. Davis Jan 1998

Tectonic Caves Of Solai In The Kenyan Rift Valley, Robert A. Davis

International Journal of Speleology

Tectonic caves at Solai, Kenya, were explored in 1970. These lie in a complex geological area of the Great Rift Valley in columnar-faulted ignimbrite. Fissures are presumed to have been widened by later tectonic activity -e.g. the major earthquake of January, 1928. The caves and exploration are briefly described. Questions of formation, drainage and possibilities of steam reservoirs are discussed.

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Lave Caves Of Kilimanjaro. Mawenzi Lava Tubes, Clive Ward Jan 1998

Lave Caves Of Kilimanjaro. Mawenzi Lava Tubes, Clive Ward

International Journal of Speleology

This is the first short report on the exploration of lava tubes in the upper part of Kilimanjaro. The area seems to be extremely interesting from vulcanospeleological point of view.

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Lava Caves Of Grande Comore, Indian Ocean: An Initial Reconnaissance, September 1997, Gregory J. Middleton Jan 1998

Lava Caves Of Grande Comore, Indian Ocean: An Initial Reconnaissance, September 1997, Gregory J. Middleton

International Journal of Speleology

What are believed to have been the first speleological investigations in the Comoros Islands were carried out on Grande Comore island between 7 and 13 September 1997. A number of caves were located with the help of local informants and the more significant ones surveyed. Exploration of some caves was not able to be completed. The potential for further significant discoveries is believed to be high.

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"Pit Craters", Lava Tubes, And Open Vertical Volcanic Conduits In Hawaii: A Problem In Terminology, William R. Halliday Jan 1998

"Pit Craters", Lava Tubes, And Open Vertical Volcanic Conduits In Hawaii: A Problem In Terminology, William R. Halliday

International Journal of Speleology

Almost from the 1849 publication of the term pit crater, volcanologists have disagreed about the parameters differentiating these features from other vertical volcanic structures. Kaluaiki is a jameo giving entry to Thurston Lava Tube in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Long-standing misidentification of it as a pit crater is an example of misunderstandings arising from the lack of a clear definition of pit crater. In general, pit craters are unrelated to lava tube caves genetically, but two special cases are discussed. One probably is genetically related to a rift tube deep below the surface; the other is a complex of a …

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Lava Tube Remelt By Radiant Heat And Burning Gasses, Kevin Allred Jan 1998

Lava Tube Remelt By Radiant Heat And Burning Gasses, Kevin Allred

International Journal of Speleology

Some volcanologists assume that interior surfaces of hot lava tubes can commonly be remelted by burning gases and radiant heat. Pending further data, this appears to be unlikely.

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The Origin Of Tubular Lava Stalactites And Other Related Forms, Kevin Allred, Carlene Allred Jan 1998

The Origin Of Tubular Lava Stalactites And Other Related Forms, Kevin Allred, Carlene Allred

International Journal of Speleology

Tubular lava stalactites are often found in lava tubes. Field observations, sample analysis, and comparative studies indicate that these are segregations extruded during cooling from partially crystallized lava al about 1,070 - 1,000 °C. Retrograde boiling (gas pressure) within the lava provides a mechanism to expel the interstitial liquid. In addition to tubular lava stalactites, a variety of other lava features can also result, such as lava helictites, lava coralloids, barnacle-like stretched lava, runners, runner channels, and some lava blisters and squeeze-ups.

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The 1981 Eruptive Fissure On Mt. Etna: Considerations On Its Exploration And Genesis, Angelo Leotta, Marco Liuzzo Jan 1998

The 1981 Eruptive Fissure On Mt. Etna: Considerations On Its Exploration And Genesis, Angelo Leotta, Marco Liuzzo

International Journal of Speleology

This paper is targeted to an analysis of features common to various fissure caves on Mt. Etna, Sicily. The Authors report the preliminary results of the exploration carried out in the 1981 eruptive fissure, the technical problems met during the exploration, the flow trends and the different courses of the molten material inside the fissure, the particular morphologies. A genetic model is proposed, different from those characterising the lava tube cave genesis, and links are suggested between the various fissures and the main tectonic stress systems operating on Mt. Etna, as well as the morpho-structural conditions of the volcanic edifice …

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Lava Caves Of The Republic Of Mauritius, Indian Ocean, Gregory J. Middleton Jan 1998

Lava Caves Of The Republic Of Mauritius, Indian Ocean, Gregory J. Middleton

International Journal of Speleology

In their Underground Atlas, MIDDLETON & WALTHAM (1986) dismissed Mauritius as: “very old volcanic islands with no speleological interest”. Recent investigations indicate this judgement is inaccurate; there are over 50 significant caves, including lava tube caves up to 687 m long (one 665 m long was surveyed as early as 1769) and 35 m wide. Plaine des Roches contains the most extensive system of lava tube caves with underground drainage rising at the seashore. Notable fauna includes an insectivorous bat and a cave swiftlet (Collocalia francica), the nests of which are unfortunately prized for ‘soup”. The caves …

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Climatic Fluctuations And Tropical Troglobitic Evolution, Pedro Gnaspini Jan 1997

Climatic Fluctuations And Tropical Troglobitic Evolution, Pedro Gnaspini

International Journal of Speleology

No abstract provided.

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Geographic Variation And Genetic Relationships In Populations Of The Androniscus Dentiger Complex From Central Italy (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Trichoniscidae), Gabriele Gentile, Giuliana Allegrucci Jan 1997

Geographic Variation And Genetic Relationships In Populations Of The Androniscus Dentiger Complex From Central Italy (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Trichoniscidae), Gabriele Gentile, Giuliana Allegrucci

International Journal of Speleology

Androniscus dentiger is a terrestrial isopod distributed from Great Britain to North Africa, inhabiting humid edafic environments, superficial underground compartments and both natural and artificial caves. In this study allozyme data have been used to investigate the geographic variation and the genetic relationships of several populations of A. dentiger from Central Italy, using as outgroups populations from four congeneric species, A. calcivagus, A. cfr. subterraneus, A. spelaeorum, and A. degener. Multivariate analysis of A. dentiger allele frequencies indicates the existence of a group of populations (group A) distributed in a wide geographic area which are genetically …

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Martel's Voyage To Russia In 1903, Arrigo A. Cigna Jan 1997

Martel's Voyage To Russia In 1903, Arrigo A. Cigna

International Journal of Speleology

The news concerning caves and karst reported in a Martel’s book on his voyage to Russia in 1903 are here listed and the cave maps are reproduced.

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Are Troglobitic Taxa Troglobiomorphic? A Test Using Phylogenetic Inference, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas Jan 1997

Are Troglobitic Taxa Troglobiomorphic? A Test Using Phylogenetic Inference, Laure Desutter-Grandcolas

International Journal of Speleology

Obligate cave dwelling organisms are frequently characterised by a peculiar morphological syndrome, named troglomorphosis or troglobiomorphosis. This hypothesis, which deals with the evolutionary influence of the subterranean environment on cave organisms is far from being universally accepted. Yet it has been adopted by many authors and is often included in the definitions of the current classification of cave taxa. In this paper I present a test of the troglobiomorphosis hypothesis, using the case study of the cricket clade Amphiacustae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae). Such a test preliminarily requires that observations of the habitat of the taxa (achieved on present-day populations) are …

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Martel's Links With Usa, Trevor R. Shaw Jan 1997

Martel's Links With Usa, Trevor R. Shaw

International Journal of Speleology

Of the 29% foreign members in the Société de Spéléologie, five lived in the USA. They were Luella Owen (the only woman member of the Société), R. Ellsworth Cali, H.C. Hovey, E Van Epps and C. R. Blackall. E.S. Balch, though not a member, also knew Martel. These members, between them, published ten papers in Spelunca, which also reviewed their other work. The activities of these six, and their links with France, are discussed. Martel actively encouraged cave work in America, as elsewhere, and Hovey, who had been with him during the survey of Aven Armand, he knew quite well. …

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A Simple Scenario For Stygobitization In Stenobermuda Schultz, 1978 (Isopoda Asellota Stenetriidae), With Description Of A New Species From Andros Island, Bahamas, Lazare Botosaneanu, Thomas M. Iliffe Jan 1997

A Simple Scenario For Stygobitization In Stenobermuda Schultz, 1978 (Isopoda Asellota Stenetriidae), With Description Of A New Species From Andros Island, Bahamas, Lazare Botosaneanu, Thomas M. Iliffe

International Journal of Speleology

Description of a new stygobitic and troglomorphic species of Stenobermuda from a Blue Hole in the Bahamas, is an opportunity for speculation about hypogean colonization by this and by another cave-dwelling species from Bermuda, starting from populations of a widely distributed Western Atlantic shallow water marine species.

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Long Term Stability Of A Terrestrial Cave Community, Claudio Di Russo, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Marco Lucarelli, Valerio Sbordoni Jan 1997

Long Term Stability Of A Terrestrial Cave Community, Claudio Di Russo, Gianmaria Carchini, Mauro Rampini, Marco Lucarelli, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

We report data on the spatial structure and seasonal variation of the community of Valmarino cave, a medium sized sandstone cave, located a few kilometres from the coast line, in Central Italy. Due to both its habitat features and its relatively recent geological history, Valmarino cave is only inhabited by terrestrial, troglophilic elements, i.e facultative cave dwellers. By means of monthly censuses and density plot estimates we have investigated species abundance, diversity and their spatial organization, by considering separately samples from different cave sectors. Homogeneous sampling design allowed to compare series of samplings performed in 1974 and 1994. On the …

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Edouard-Alfred Martel Et Les Cavernes De La Belgique, Daniel André Jan 1997

Edouard-Alfred Martel Et Les Cavernes De La Belgique, Daniel André

International Journal of Speleology

An exhaustive report on the activity of Martel in Belgium is here given. In particular some relevant passages of Martel’s letters and papers are also included.

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Les Deux Faces De La Pensée De E. A. Martel, Jacques Choppy Jan 1997

Les Deux Faces De La Pensée De E. A. Martel, Jacques Choppy

International Journal of Speleology

Réunion de textes de Martel: 1 - Extraits du Nouveau Traité des Eaux Souterraines (1921), donnant l’essentiel de la pensée de l’auteur sur l’hydraulique et la morphologie du karst. 2 - En opposition à cette vision, rappelée de nombreuses fois par l’auteur, extraits de diverses publications (de 1894 à 1930), admettant qu’un fonctionnement en régime noyé était possible: Martel est donc l’un des tout premiers ayant observé des formes de creusement en régime noyé, et les ayant interprétées comme telles.

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The Hawaiian Cave Planthoppers (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) - A Model For Rapid Subterranean Speciation?, Hannelore Hoch Jan 1997

The Hawaiian Cave Planthoppers (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea: Cixiidae) - A Model For Rapid Subterranean Speciation?, Hannelore Hoch

International Journal of Speleology

After the successful colonization of a single ancestral species in the Hawaiian Islands, planthoppers of the cixiid genus Oliarus underwent intensive adaptive radiation resulting in 80 described endemic species. Oliarus habitats range from montaneous rain forests to dry coastal biotopes and subterranean environments. At least 7 independant evolutionary lines represented by different species have adapted to lava tubes on Molokai (1), Maui (3), and Hawaii Island (3). Behavioral and morphological studies on one of these evolutionary lines on Hawaii Island, the blind, flight- and pigmentless Oliarus polyphentus have provided evidence for reproductive isolation between allopatric populations which may in fact …

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Genetic Divergence And Evolutionary Times: Calibrating A Protein Clock For South-European Stenasellus Species (Crustacea Isopoda), Valerio Ketmaier, Roberto Argano, Marina Cobolli, Elvira De Matthaeis Jan 1997

Genetic Divergence And Evolutionary Times: Calibrating A Protein Clock For South-European Stenasellus Species (Crustacea Isopoda), Valerio Ketmaier, Roberto Argano, Marina Cobolli, Elvira De Matthaeis

International Journal of Speleology

We studied genetic divergence in a group of exclusively stygobiont isopods of the family Stenasellidae. In particular, we assessed evolutionary relationships among several populations of Stenasellus racovitzai and Stenasellus virei. To place this study in a phylogenetic context. we used another species of Stenasellus, S. assorgiai, as an outgroup. S. racovitzai occurs in Corsica, Sardinia and in the fossil islands of the Tuscan Archipelago, while S. virei is a polytypic species widely distributed in the central France and Pyrenean area. This vicariant distribution is believed to be the result of the disjunction of the Sardinia-Corsica microplate from …

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The Significance Of E. A. Martel For Speleology In Slovenia, Andrej Kranjc Jan 1997

The Significance Of E. A. Martel For Speleology In Slovenia, Andrej Kranjc

International Journal of Speleology

Three times Martel visited karst in Carniola: in 1879, 1893 and 1896. The importance of his visits and later publications lies in fact that he informed the francophone public about our karst and caves; his visit stimulated the introduction of new technical means into the then Austrian speleology (folding boat, portable telephone); in 1893 due to his researches Postojnska jama became the longest cave in Europe; public found out about existence of caving society Anthron, which was the first Slovene and Slav society of the kind; he set up the foundations of international speleological co-operation and included into it Austrian …

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A Recent Colonization Of Dolichopoda Cave Crickets In The Poscola Cave (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), Camilla Bernardini, Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini, Donatella Cersaroni, Valerio Sbordoni Jan 1996

A Recent Colonization Of Dolichopoda Cave Crickets In The Poscola Cave (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), Camilla Bernardini, Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini, Donatella Cersaroni, Valerio Sbordoni

International Journal of Speleology

We report a series of investigations carried out on a Dolichopoda population recently discovered in the Poscola cave and in some small caves nearby (Lessini Mountains, Vicenza). This population is located north of Po river, outside the present known geographic range of this genus in Italy. Morphology of the epiphallus corroborated by chromosome and allozyme analysis indicated that this population belongs to D. laetitiae. Study of the genetic structure of population in the Poscola area revealed high gene flow levels between Poscola and the other minor caves, suggesting the occurrence of a single expanding population. This finding as well …

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A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) From Southern China, Augusto Vigna Taglianti Jan 1996

A New Genus And Species Of Troglobitic Trechinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) From Southern China, Augusto Vigna Taglianti

International Journal of Speleology

Guizhaphaenops zorzini n.gen.n.sp. is described from Anjia Yan Cave, Shuicheng County, Guizhou (China). This highly specialized troglobite species is easily recognizable from the other cave dwelling Trechini from China for the main morphological external characters, but its true relationships remain uncertain, the male being still unknown. Similar in habitus to Cathaiaphaenops and to Sinotroglodytes, the new taxon is much more related to the latter, being dorsally glabrous and having the mentum fused with the submentum, with a deep oval fovea, but it differs in its elongated head, with incomplete frontal furrows and without posterior frontal setae.

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The Typology Of Gypsum Karst According To Its Geological And Geomorphological Evolution, Alexander Klimchouk Jan 1996

The Typology Of Gypsum Karst According To Its Geological And Geomorphological Evolution, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Definition of karst in gypsum and explanation of different types of karst in gypsum: intrastratal, exposed, covered, buried, exumed and palaeokarst.

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Speleothems And Cave Minerals In Gypsum Caves, Paolo Forti Jan 1996

Speleothems And Cave Minerals In Gypsum Caves, Paolo Forti

International Journal of Speleology

For many years gypsum karst was considered to contain little of interest from the point of view of chemical deposits. Relatively recently a general study of speleothems has begun within gypsum karst areas in different climatic zones around the world. So far this ongoing research has shown that gypsum karst can be very interesting in terms of its contained chemical deposits. In this chapter, all that is currently known about speleothems in gypsum caves is reported systematically, and the distinctive climatic control over them is emphasised.

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The Gypsum Karst Of Italy, Paolo Forti, Ugo Sauro Jan 1996

The Gypsum Karst Of Italy, Paolo Forti, Ugo Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

Gypsum karst has been studied in Italy since the last decades of the l9th Century. In 1917 the geographer Olinto Marinelli published “Fenomeni carsici delle regioni gessose d’Italia”, a fundamental synthesis of the early research. He distinguished 56 different morpho-karstic gypsum units and/or areas, which are all different in size and character, and described them, paying special attention to their surface morphology and hydrology. Marinelli listed all the main gypsum units and only a few secondary outcrops were overlooked. After Marinelli’s synthesis, except for some discussion of archaeological caves, only a few papers about gypsum karst and environment were published …

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Gypsum Karst In The South Of The Siberian Platform, Russia, Yuri Trzcinski Jan 1996

Gypsum Karst In The South Of The Siberian Platform, Russia, Yuri Trzcinski

International Journal of Speleology

Description of gypsum karst in Siberia.

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Lithobius Nuragicus N.Sp., A New Lithobius From A Sardinian Cave (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha), Marzio Zapparoli Jan 1996

Lithobius Nuragicus N.Sp., A New Lithobius From A Sardinian Cave (Chilopoda, Lithobiomorpha), Marzio Zapparoli

International Journal of Speleology

A new species of Lithobius from a Sardinian cave (Cagliari, Santadi, loc. Su Benatzu, Grotta “Pirosu”, 576 Sa/Ca, m 270) is described. Lithobius nuragicus n. sp. belongs to the subgenus Lithobius s. str. and is related to Lithobius variegatus Leach, 1814, occurring in the British Isles, Brittany, Channel Isles, Iberian Peninsula, Maghreb, Sicily and Southern Italy. This new species is differentiated from L. variegatus by the number of prosternal teeth (3+3), the number and arrangement of ocelli (1+3; little, depigmented, not contiguous to each other, in the center of a depigmented area, posterosuperior ocellus larger than the other ocelli), the …

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Gypsum Karst Of The Baltic Republics, Bernardas Paukstys, Vytautas Narbutas Jan 1996

Gypsum Karst Of The Baltic Republics, Bernardas Paukstys, Vytautas Narbutas

International Journal of Speleology

The Baltic Republics of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania have karst areas developed in both carbonate and gypsiferous rocks. In the north, within the Republic of Estonia, Ordovician and Silurian limestones and dolomites crop out, or are covered by glacial Quaternary sediments. To the south, in Latvia and Lithuania, gypsum karst is actively developing in evaporites of Late Devonian (Frasnian) age. Although gypsum and mixed sulphate-carbonate karst only occupy small areas in the Baltic countries, they have important engineering and geo-ecological consequences. Due to the rapid dissolution of gypsum, the evolution of gypsum karst causes not only geological hazards such as …

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Gypsum Karst Of The Eastern-European Plain, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk, Alexander Klimchouk Jan 1996

Gypsum Karst Of The Eastern-European Plain, Vjacheslav Andrejchuk, Alexander Klimchouk

International Journal of Speleology

Description of karst in the Eastern European Plain, comprising the following regions: Baltic, Timansky, Pinego-Severodvinsky, Volgo-Kamsky, Pre-Ural, Pre-Caspian, Donetsk and Podol'sko Bukovinsky.

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