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Articles 331 - 360 of 1565
Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences
Aggieair Is Extending Its Wings, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Aggieair Is Extending Its Wings, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
This week marks another milestone for AggieAirTM, the UWRL remote sensing research unit that pioneered the development and use of small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) for collecting and processing high-resolution, scientific grade imagery and other data. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has granted the AggieAir program two of their largest Certificates of Waiver or Authorization (COAs) to date. The FAA grants COAs to public operators for specific UAS activity only after extensive and comprehensive operational and technical review. These new COAs allow AggieAir open access to a vastly larger area than ever before. One COA covers the entirety of Cache …
Seminal Evidence Of A 2.5-Sol Ultra-Fast Kelvin Wave In Mars’ Middle And Upper Atmosphere, Federico Gasperini, Maura E. Hagan, Jeffrey M. Forbes
Seminal Evidence Of A 2.5-Sol Ultra-Fast Kelvin Wave In Mars’ Middle And Upper Atmosphere, Federico Gasperini, Maura E. Hagan, Jeffrey M. Forbes
All Physics Faculty Publications
The structure and dynamics of Mars' middle and upper atmosphere is significantly impacted by waves propagating from the lower atmosphere. Using concurrent temperature and neutral density measurements taken by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN satellites, we demonstrate for the first time that a 2.5‐sol ultra‐fast Kelvin wave is a prominent global‐scale feature of the low‐latitude middle (i.e., 30–80 km) and upper (approximately 150 km) atmosphere of Mars. Further, we present evidence of secondary waves arising from nonlinear interactions between this ultra‐fast Kelvin wave and solar tides, and based on their amplitudes we surmise that they …
Graduate Student Mahyar Aboutalebi Receives Spie Award, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Graduate Student Mahyar Aboutalebi Receives Spie Award, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
Graduate student Mahyar Aboutalebi recently received the Runner-up for Best Paper Award at the SPIE 'Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping III' Conference in Orlando, L, April 2018.
Graduate Student Mahyar Aboutalebi Receives Spie Award, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Graduate Student Mahyar Aboutalebi Receives Spie Award, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
Graduate student Mahyar Aboutalebi recently received the Runner-up for Best Paper Award at the SPIE 'Autonomous Air and Ground Sensing Systems for Agricultural Optimization and Phenotyping III' Conference in Orlando, L, April 2018.
June 2018 Water Blog Newsletter Now Available, Utah Water Research Laboratory
June 2018 Water Blog Newsletter Now Available, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
There's no doubt about it; good data is essential to good water management. In this issue of the Water bLog, we highlight research at the UWRL that focuses on meeting Utah's need for ongoing long-term data to inform future decisions about water resources management.
June 2018 Water Blog Newsletter Now Available, Utah Water Research Laboratory
June 2018 Water Blog Newsletter Now Available, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
There's no doubt about it; good data is essential to good water management. In this issue of the Water bLog, we highlight research at the UWRL that focuses on meeting Utah's need for ongoing long-term data to inform future decisions about water resources management.
Beyond Metrics? The Role Of Hydrologic Baseline Archetypes In Environmental Water Management, Belize A. Lane, Samuel Sandoval-Solis, Eric D. Stein, Sarah M. Yarnell, Gregory B. Pasternack, Helen E. Dahlke
Beyond Metrics? The Role Of Hydrologic Baseline Archetypes In Environmental Water Management, Belize A. Lane, Samuel Sandoval-Solis, Eric D. Stein, Sarah M. Yarnell, Gregory B. Pasternack, Helen E. Dahlke
Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications
Balancing ecological and human water needs often requires characterizing key aspects of the natural flow regime and then predicting ecological response to flow alterations. Flow metrics are generally relied upon to characterize long-term average statistical properties of the natural flow regime (hydrologic baseline conditions). However, some key aspects of hydrologic baseline conditions may be better understood through more complete consideration of continuous patterns of daily, seasonal, and inter-annual variability than through summary metrics. Here we propose the additional use of high-resolution dimensionless archetypes of regional stream classes to improve understanding of baseline hydrologic conditions and inform regional environmental flows assessments. …
Durmid Ladder Structure And Its Implications For The Nucleation Sites Of The Next M >7.5 Earthquake On The San Andreas Fault Or Brawley Seismic Zone In Southern California, Susanne U. Jänecke, Daniel K. Markowski, James P. Evans, Patricia Persaud, Miles Kenney
Durmid Ladder Structure And Its Implications For The Nucleation Sites Of The Next M >7.5 Earthquake On The San Andreas Fault Or Brawley Seismic Zone In Southern California, Susanne U. Jänecke, Daniel K. Markowski, James P. Evans, Patricia Persaud, Miles Kenney
Geosciences Faculty Publications
We integrated new geologic data with published geophysical data to document that the southernmost San Andreas fault zone, onshore of the Salton Sea, southern California, is a transpressional, 1–4-km-wide ladder-like structure. This newly identified Durmid ladder structure is a voluminous right-reverse fault zone that broadens across Durmid Hill around rotating domains of regularly spaced, left- and right- lateral cross faults. The active East Shoreline fault zone of the San Andreas fault forms the southwest margin of this fault zone, and it is generally parallel to the main strand of the San Andreas fault zone for >30 km, deforms Pliocene to …
Calibration Parameter Selection And Watershed Hydrology Model Evaluation In Time And Frequency Domains, Karthik Kumarasamy, Patrick Belmont
Calibration Parameter Selection And Watershed Hydrology Model Evaluation In Time And Frequency Domains, Karthik Kumarasamy, Patrick Belmont
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Watershed scale models simulating hydrological and water quality processes have advanced rapidly in sophistication, process representation, flexibility in model structure, and input data. With calibration being an inevitable step prior to any model application, there is need for a simple procedure to assess whether or not a parameter should be adjusted for calibration. We provide a rationale for a hierarchical selection of parameters to adjust during calibration and recommend that modelers progress from parameters that are most uncertain to parameters that are least uncertain, namely starting with pure calibration parameters, followed by derived parameters, and finally measured parameters. We show …
Quaternary Incision, Salt Tectonism, And Landscape Evolution Of Moab-Spanish Valley, Utah, James P. Mauch
Quaternary Incision, Salt Tectonism, And Landscape Evolution Of Moab-Spanish Valley, Utah, James P. Mauch
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
To study the history of processes that shape the Earth’s surface, geologists look for markers in the landscape that they can date and use to measure change. Rivers leave such markers in their deposits and terrace landforms and in the overall shape of their elevation profile from head to toe. This thesis uses luminescence and cosmogenic methods to date the sediment in terraces to determine when the river deposited it. Field mapping and global positioning system (GPS) surveying are also used to measure the distance between terrace levels to quantify how much change has occurred. This study seeks to answer …
Understanding The Late Mesoproterozoic Earth System From The Oldest Strata In Grand Canyon: C-Isotope Stratigraphy And Facies Analysis Of The 1254 Ma Bass Formation, Grand Canyon Supergroup, Az., Usa, Erin C. Lathrop
All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023
Rocks provide insight into ancient times before complex animals existed. The oldest sedimentary rocks in Grand Canyon (the Bass Formation) allow us to glimpse into what things might have been like over a billion years ago. These rocks record the time known as the Mesoproterozoic Era (1.6 to 1.0 billion years ago), otherwise known as the ‘boring billion’. These rocks are thought to be the right age to indicate the end of an oddly stable world when continents were quiet and life was calm, yet they predate younger rocks that record extreme events. The Bass Formation, some of the only …
Building Up Biogeography: Pattern To Process, William D. Pearse, A. Marcia Barbosa, Susanne A. Fritz, Sally A. Keith, Luke J. Harmon, John Harte, Daniele Silvestro, Xiao Xiao, T. Jonathan Davies
Building Up Biogeography: Pattern To Process, William D. Pearse, A. Marcia Barbosa, Susanne A. Fritz, Sally A. Keith, Luke J. Harmon, John Harte, Daniele Silvestro, Xiao Xiao, T. Jonathan Davies
Ecology Center Publications
Linking pattern to process across spatial and temporal scales has been a key goal of the field of biogeography. In January 2017, the 8th biennial conference of the International Biogeography Society sponsored a symposium on Building up biogeography—process to pattern that aimed to review progress towards this goal. Here we present a summary of the symposium, in which we identified promising areas of current research and suggested future research directions. We focus on (1) emerging types of data such as behavioral observations and ancient DNA, (2) how to better incorporate historical data (such as fossils) to move beyond what we …
Regional Trends In Early-Monsoon Rainfall Over Vietnam And Ccsm4 Attribution, Rong Li, S.-Y. Simon Wang, Robert R. Gillies, Brendan Buckley, Jin-Ho Yoon, Changrae Cho
Regional Trends In Early-Monsoon Rainfall Over Vietnam And Ccsm4 Attribution, Rong Li, S.-Y. Simon Wang, Robert R. Gillies, Brendan Buckley, Jin-Ho Yoon, Changrae Cho
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
The analysis of precipitation trends for Vietnam revealed that early-monsoon precipitation has increased over the past three decades but to varying degrees over the northern, central and southern portions of the country. Upon investigation, it was found that the change in early-monsoon precipitation is associated with changes in the low-level cyclonic airflow over the South China Sea and Indochina that is embedded in the large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with a “La Niña-like” anomalous sea surface temperature pattern with warming in the western Pacific and Indian Oceans and cooling in the eastern Pacific. The Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4) …
Multidecadal Variability In The Subseasonal Peak Of Low-Level Convergence Over The Pacific Warm Pool, Yen-Heng Lin, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang
Multidecadal Variability In The Subseasonal Peak Of Low-Level Convergence Over The Pacific Warm Pool, Yen-Heng Lin, Shih-Yu (Simon) Wang
Plants, Soils, and Climate Faculty Publications
In the Western North Pacific (WNP), the atmospheric low-level convergence is one of the main factors that influences the genesis of tropical cyclones (TC). It has been observed that the timing of the seasonal maxima in the low-level convergence and TC genesis has shifted since the mid-1990s from mid-August to late-July, with this shift having also affected the number of TC. A multidecadal frequency of 20 years was revealed in the timing variation of the tropical intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in the Western Pacific, in which a weak WNP low-level convergence in spring may trigger an advanced ISO phase in summer …
Gymnosperms On The Edge, Félix Forest, Justin Moat, Elisabeth Baloch, Neil A. Brummitt, Steve P. Bachman, Steffi Ickert-Bond, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Aaron Liston, Damon P. Little, Sarah Mathews, Hardeep Rai, Catarina Rydin, Dennis W. Stevenson, Philip Thomas, Sven Buerki
Gymnosperms On The Edge, Félix Forest, Justin Moat, Elisabeth Baloch, Neil A. Brummitt, Steve P. Bachman, Steffi Ickert-Bond, Peter M. Hollingsworth, Aaron Liston, Damon P. Little, Sarah Mathews, Hardeep Rai, Catarina Rydin, Dennis W. Stevenson, Philip Thomas, Sven Buerki
Wildland Resources Faculty Publications
Driven by limited resources and a sense of urgency, the prioritization of species for conservation has been a persistent concern in conservation science. Gymnosperms (comprising ginkgo, conifers, cycads, and gnetophytes) are one of the most threatened groups of living organisms, with 40% of the species at high risk of extinction, about twice as many as the most recent estimates for all plants (i.e. 21.4%). This high proportion of species facing extinction highlights the urgent action required to secure their future through an objective prioritization approach. The Evolutionary Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) method rapidly ranks species based on their evolutionary …
Uwrl Presented With An Institutional Recognition Award From Astm International, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Uwrl Presented With An Institutional Recognition Award From Astm International, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
The UWRL recently received an Institutional Recognition Award from ASTM International for testing that led to improvements to ASTM's D6459 Test Method for Determination of Rolled Erosion Control Product (RECP) Performance in Protecting Hillslopes from Rainfall-Induced Erosion.
Introducing And Evaluating A Knowledge Transfer Approach To Support Problem Solving In And Around Protected Areas, Brady J. Mattsson, Marie Fischborn, Mark W. Brunson, Harald Vacik
Introducing And Evaluating A Knowledge Transfer Approach To Support Problem Solving In And Around Protected Areas, Brady J. Mattsson, Marie Fischborn, Mark W. Brunson, Harald Vacik
Environment and Society Faculty Publications
Protected areas (PAs) can generate many benefits inside and outside their borders, and achieving objectives for diverse stakeholders raises many challenges. There are many examples of successful PA management around the globe, although a systematic and comprehensive approach to developing and sharing these solutions has been lacking. We present “solutioning” as a structured process of peer-learning, which can inform management strategies in and around protected areas. We explain how the PANORAMA—Solutions for a Healthy Planet initiative has put solutioning into practice through an interactive community and web portal to learn about protected area solutions around the globe. Unlike other web …
High Resolution Monitoring Of River Bluff Erosion Reveals Failure Mechanisms And Geomorphically Effective Flows, Sara A. Kelly, Patrick Belmont
High Resolution Monitoring Of River Bluff Erosion Reveals Failure Mechanisms And Geomorphically Effective Flows, Sara A. Kelly, Patrick Belmont
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Using a combination of Structure from Motion and time lapse photogrammetry, we document rapid river bluff erosion occurring in the Greater Blue Earth River (GBER) basin, a muddy tributary to the sediment-impaired Minnesota River in south central Minnesota. Our datasets elucidated dominant bluff failure mechanisms and rates of bluff retreat in a transient system responding to ongoing streamflow increases and glacial legacy impacts. Specifically, we document the importance of fluvial scour, freeze–thaw, as well as other drivers of bluff erosion. We find that even small flows, a mere 30% of the two-year recurrence interval flow, are capable of causing bluff …
Benthic Meiofaunal Community Response To The Cascading Effects Of Herbivory Within An Algal Halo System Of The Great Barrier Reef, Quinn R. Ollivier, Edward Hammill, David J. Booth, Elizabeth M.P. Madin, Charles Hinchliffe, Alastair R. Harborne, Catherine E. Lovelock, Peter I. Macreadie, Trisha Brooke Atwood
Benthic Meiofaunal Community Response To The Cascading Effects Of Herbivory Within An Algal Halo System Of The Great Barrier Reef, Quinn R. Ollivier, Edward Hammill, David J. Booth, Elizabeth M.P. Madin, Charles Hinchliffe, Alastair R. Harborne, Catherine E. Lovelock, Peter I. Macreadie, Trisha Brooke Atwood
Watershed Sciences Faculty Publications
Benthic fauna play a crucial role in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling at the sediment-water boundary in aquatic ecosystems. In terrestrial systems, grazing herbivores have been shown to influence below-ground communities through alterations to plant distribution and composition, however whether similar cascading effects occur in aquatic systems is unknown. Here, we assess the relationship between benthic invertebrates and above-ground fish grazing across the ‘grazing halos’ of Heron Island lagoon, Australia. Grazing halos, which occur around patch reefs globally, are caused by removal of seagrass or benthic macroalgae by herbivorous fish that results in distinct bands of unvegetated sediments surrounding …
Experimental Study Of Gravitational Mixing Of Supercritical Co2, Dennis L. Newell, J. William Carey, Scott N. Backhaus, Peter Lichtner
Experimental Study Of Gravitational Mixing Of Supercritical Co2, Dennis L. Newell, J. William Carey, Scott N. Backhaus, Peter Lichtner
Geosciences Faculty Publications
CO2 injection into saline aquifers for sequestration will initially result in buoyant supercritical (sc)CO2 trapped beneath the caprock seal. During this period, there is risk of CO2 migration out of the reservoir along wellbore defects or fracture zones. Dissolution of the scCO2 plume into brine results in solubility trapping and reduces this risk, but based on diffusion alone, this mechanism could take thousands of years. Gravitational (density-induced) mixing of CO2-saturated brine is shown to significantly accelerate this process in computational studies, but few experimental efforts have confirmed the phenomenon. Here, constant-pressure, 3-dimensional bench-scale experiments …
Evidence For Cyclical Fractional Crystallization, Recharge, And Assimilation In Basalts Of The Kimama Drill Core, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: 5.5-Million-Years Of Petrogenesis In A Mid-Crustal Sill Complex, Katherine E. Potter, John W. Shervais, Eric H. Christiansen, Scott K. Vetter
Evidence For Cyclical Fractional Crystallization, Recharge, And Assimilation In Basalts Of The Kimama Drill Core, Central Snake River Plain, Idaho: 5.5-Million-Years Of Petrogenesis In A Mid-Crustal Sill Complex, Katherine E. Potter, John W. Shervais, Eric H. Christiansen, Scott K. Vetter
Geosciences Faculty Publications
Basalts erupted in the Snake River Plain of central Idaho and sampled in the Kimama drill core link eruptive processes to the construction of mafic intrusions over 5.5 Ma. Cyclic variations in basalt composition reveal temporal chemical heterogeneity related to fractional crystallization and the assimilation of previously-intruded mafic sills. A range of compositional types are identified within 1,912 m of continuous drill core: Snake River olivine tholeiite (SROT), low K SROT, high Fe-Ti, and evolved and high K-Fe lavas similar to those erupted at Craters of the Moon National Monument. Detailed lithologic and geophysical logs document 432 flow units comprising …
Direct Effects Of Warming Increase Woody Plant Abundance In A Subarctic Wetland, Lindsay G. Carlson, Karen H. Beard, Peter B. Adler
Direct Effects Of Warming Increase Woody Plant Abundance In A Subarctic Wetland, Lindsay G. Carlson, Karen H. Beard, Peter B. Adler
Wildland Resources Faculty Publications
Both the direct effects of warming on a species’ vital rates and indirect effects of warming caused by interactions with neighboring species can influence plant populations. Furthermore, herbivory mediates the effects of warming on plant community composition in many systems. Thus, determining the importance of direct and indirect effects of warming, while considering the role of herbivory, can help predict long-term plant community dynamics. We conducted a field experiment in the coastal wetlands of western Alaska to investigate how warming and herbivory influence the interactions and abundances of two common plant species, a sedge, Carex ramenskii, and a dwarf …
Aggieair Joins 3rd Annual Aerospace Day, Jessica Griffiths
Aggieair Joins 3rd Annual Aerospace Day, Jessica Griffiths
News
On Thursday, AggieAir joined industry leaders and legislators to participate in the Utah Chapter-Aerospace State Association 3rd Annual Aerospace Day on Capitol Hill.
Adel Abdallah Receives Awwa Intermountain Section Diversity Award, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Adel Abdallah Receives Awwa Intermountain Section Diversity Award, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
The American Water Works Association Intermountain Section has selected USU/UWRL graduate student Adel Abdallah to receive their 2018 Diversity Scholarship. This scholarship "was created to encourage education and training in the field of conservation, water quality, supply, resources, reuse and treatment among minority students" and is presented to one outstanding minority student pursuing education in one of these areas.
Estimating Discharge In Low-Order Rivers With High-Resolution Aerial Imagery, Tyler V. King, Bethany T. Neilson, Mitchell T. Rasmussen
Estimating Discharge In Low-Order Rivers With High-Resolution Aerial Imagery, Tyler V. King, Bethany T. Neilson, Mitchell T. Rasmussen
Publications
Remote sensing of river discharge promises to augment in situ gauging stations, but the majority of research in this field focuses on large rivers (>50 m wide). We present a method for estimating volumetric river discharge in low-order (wide) rivers from remotely sensed data by coupling high-resolution imagery with one-dimensional hydraulic modeling at so-called virtual gauging stations. These locations were identified as locations where the river contracted under low flows, exposing a substantial portion of the river bed. Topography of the exposed river bed was photogrammetrically extracted from high-resolution aerial imagery while the geometry of the remaining inundated portion …
Monthly Paleostreamflow Reconstruction From Annual Tree-Ring Chronologies, James H. Stagge, David E. Rosenberg, R. J. Derose, Tammy M. Rittenour
Monthly Paleostreamflow Reconstruction From Annual Tree-Ring Chronologies, James H. Stagge, David E. Rosenberg, R. J. Derose, Tammy M. Rittenour
Publications
Paleoclimate reconstructions are increasingly used to characterize annual climate variability prior to the instrumental record, to improve estimates of climate extremes, and to provide a baseline for climate-change projections. To date, paleoclimate records have seen limited engineering use to estimate hydrologic risks because water systems models and managers usually require streamflow input at the monthly scale. This study explores the hypothesis that monthly streamflows can be adequately modeled by statistically decomposing annual flow reconstructions. To test this hypothesis, a multiple linear regression model for monthly streamflow reconstruction is presented that expands the set of predictors to include annual streamflow reconstructions, …
Community-Level Plant–Soil Feedbacks Explain Landscape Distribution Of Native And Non-Native Plants, Andrew Kulmatiski
Community-Level Plant–Soil Feedbacks Explain Landscape Distribution Of Native And Non-Native Plants, Andrew Kulmatiski
Wildland Resources Faculty Publications
Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) have gained attention for their potential role in explaining plant growth and invasion. While promising, most PSF research has measured plant monoculture growth on different soils in short-term, greenhouse experiments. Here, five soil types were conditioned by growing one native species, three non-native species, or a mixed plant community in different plots in a common-garden experiment. After 4 years, plants were removed and one native and one non-native plant community were planted into replicate plots of each soil type. After three additional years, the percentage cover of each of the three target species in each community was …
Evaluation Of The Community Multiscale Air Quality Model For Simulating Winter Ozone Formation In The Uinta Basin, Rebecca Matichuk, Gail Tonnesen, Deborah Luecken, Rob Gillam, Sergey L. Napelenok, Kirk R. Baker, Donna Schwede, Ben Murphy, Detlev Helmig, Seth N. Lyman, Shawn Roselle
Evaluation Of The Community Multiscale Air Quality Model For Simulating Winter Ozone Formation In The Uinta Basin, Rebecca Matichuk, Gail Tonnesen, Deborah Luecken, Rob Gillam, Sergey L. Napelenok, Kirk R. Baker, Donna Schwede, Ben Murphy, Detlev Helmig, Seth N. Lyman, Shawn Roselle
Bingham Research Center
The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models were used to simulate a 10 day high-ozone episode observed during the 2013 Uinta Basin Winter Ozone Study (UBWOS). The baseline model had a large negative bias when compared to ozone (O3) and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements across the basin. Contrary to other wintertime Uinta Basin studies, predicted nitrogen oxides (NOx) were typically low compared to measurements. Increases to oil and gas VOC emissions resulted in O3 predictions closer to observations, and nighttime O3 improved when reducing the deposition velocity …
Usu And Aggieair Featured In Usda Agresearch Magazine, Jessica Griffiths
Usu And Aggieair Featured In Usda Agresearch Magazine, Jessica Griffiths
News
As part of Dr. Alfonso Torres-Rua precision agriculture research, AggieAir took to the skies over Gallo Vineyards in Barelli, CA to map the vineyards into ARS computer models. The analytical data, collected over three years and combined with other researchers, will help vineyards efficiently determine vine health and irrigation practices in varying soil and climate conditions.
Usda/Ars And Aggieair Research Featured In The December 2017 Issue Of Usda's Agresearch Magazine, Utah Water Research Laboratory
Usda/Ars And Aggieair Research Featured In The December 2017 Issue Of Usda's Agresearch Magazine, Utah Water Research Laboratory
News
The December 2017 issue of AgResearch magazine (USDA) featured ongoing precision agriculture research that incorporates AggieAir’s advanced scientific remote sensing technology and analytical products developed at the UWRL into ARS computer models. This research is providing the tools and data that will help California’s vineyards better evaluate vine health and manage irrigation water more efficiently across differing soils and climate conditions.