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Articles 31 - 60 of 237
Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences
Replication Data For "Estimating Methane Emissions From Underground Natural Gas Pipelines Using An Atmospheric Dispersion-Based Method", Shanru Tian, Kathleen M. Smits, Younki Cho, Stuart Riddick, Daniel Zimmerle, Aidan Duggan
Replication Data For "Estimating Methane Emissions From Underground Natural Gas Pipelines Using An Atmospheric Dispersion-Based Method", Shanru Tian, Kathleen M. Smits, Younki Cho, Stuart Riddick, Daniel Zimmerle, Aidan Duggan
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Methane (CH4) leakage from natural gas (NG) pipelines poses an environmental, safety, and economic threat to the public. While previous leak detection and quantification studies focus on the aboveground infrastructure, the analysis of underground NG pipeline leak scenarios is scarce. Furthermore, no data from controlled release experiments have been published on the accuracy of methods used to (1) quantify emissions from an area source and (2) use these emissions to quantify the size of a subsurface leak. This proof-of-concept work uses CH4 mole fraction, as measured by a single gas sensor, as an input to a simple …
Petrophysical Studies On Woodford Shale In Oklahoma And Wolfcamp Shale In Texas: A Multiple-Approach Methodology, Chen Zhao
Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive
The successful development of oil and gas from unconventional reservoirs in the United States proves the high petroleum potential that shale rock reserves. Petrophysical studies on shale rocks are an important part of reservoir characterization. Petrophysical studies investigate the basic properties and pore structures of the shale rock, including porosity, density, pore size distribution, specific surface area, wettability, pore connectivity, and permeability, to understand the storage and movement of oil and gas in shale rocks. Multiple experimental approaches were applied onto both outcrop and well-core samples from several U.S. shale plays. A range of complementary methodologies of X-ray diffraction, polarized …
Multi-Scale And Multi-Approch Investigations Of Petrophysical Properties And Fluid Flow In Natural Rocks, Qiming Wang
Multi-Scale And Multi-Approch Investigations Of Petrophysical Properties And Fluid Flow In Natural Rocks, Qiming Wang
Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive
Natural rock is one of the most important geological attributes on the Earth that have been widely related to human daily life in various aspects. Rocks are usually utilized with respect to their petrophysical properties and performance within the context of building & construction, petroleum recovery, carbon sequestration, geothermal energy utilization, nuclear waste storage and repositories, and contamination remediation. Contrary to the well-studied rocks such as sandstone and carbonate rocks, the fluid storage and migration in the tight rock (e.g., shale matrix) is more complex and still poorly understood. Due to the low porosity, extremely low permeability, complex mineral composition, …
Replication Data For: Experimental And Numerical Study Of Evaporation From Wavy Surfaces By Coupling Free Flow And Porous Media Flow, Bo Gao, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: Experimental And Numerical Study Of Evaporation From Wavy Surfaces By Coupling Free Flow And Porous Media Flow, Bo Gao, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
The macroscale roughness of the soil surface has significant influences on the mass/energy interactions between the subsurface and the atmosphere during evaporation. However, most previous works only consider evaporation behavior from flat surfaces. Based on experimental and numerical approaches, the goal of this work is to provide a framework for the understanding of the mechanisms of evaporation from irregular soil surfaces at representative elementary volume scale. A coupling free flow-porous media flow model was developed to describe evaporation under nonisothermal conditions. For simplicity, sinusoidal-type wavy surfaces were considered. To validate this modeling approach, an experiment using an open-ended wind tunnel …
Replication Data For: Evaporation From Undulating Soil Surfaces Under Turbulent Airflow Through Numerical And Experimental Approaches, Bo Gao, Kathleen Smits, John Farnsworth
Replication Data For: Evaporation From Undulating Soil Surfaces Under Turbulent Airflow Through Numerical And Experimental Approaches, Bo Gao, Kathleen Smits, John Farnsworth
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Evaporation from undulating soil surfaces is rarely studied due to limited modeling theory and inadequate experimental data linking dynamic soil and atmospheric interactions. The goal of this paper is to provide exploratory insights into evaporation behavior from undulating soil surfaces under turbulent conditions through numerical and experimental approaches. A previously developed and verified coupled free flow and porous media flow model was extended by incorporating turbulent airflow through Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The model explicitly describes the relevant physical processes and the key properties in the free flow, porous media, and at the interface, allowing for the analysis of coupled exchange …
Replication Data For: Effect Of Varying Atmospheric Conditions On Methane Boundary-Layer Development In A Free Flow Domain Interfaced With A Porous Media Domain, C. T.K.K. Deepagoda, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: Effect Of Varying Atmospheric Conditions On Methane Boundary-Layer Development In A Free Flow Domain Interfaced With A Porous Media Domain, C. T.K.K. Deepagoda, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Mitigation of atmospheric emission of methane from leaky underground infrastructure is important for controlling the global anthropogenic greenhouse gas burden. Overexposure to methane may also cause occupational health problems in indoor/outdoor environments at the local scale. Subsurface soil conditions (e.g. soil heterogeneity) affect methane migration in soils while near-surface atmospheric boundary conditions (e.g. wind and temperature) affect off-site emissions across the soil-atmosphere interface. This study investigated the above-surface methane concentration boundary-layer development under different soil conditions (homogenous and layered) and atmospheric boundary controls (wind and temperature). A series of controlled bench-scale experiments was conducted using an open-loop boundary-layer wind tunnel …
Replication Data For: Thermal Conductivity Of Binary Sand Mixtures Evaluated Through Full Water Content Range, Benjamin Wallen, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: Thermal Conductivity Of Binary Sand Mixtures Evaluated Through Full Water Content Range, Benjamin Wallen, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
A soil's grain-size distribution affects its physical and hydraulic properties; however, little is known about its effect on soil thermal properties. To better understand how grain-size distribution affects soil thermal properties, specifically the effective thermal conductivity, a set of laboratory experiments was performed using binary mixtures of two uniform sands tightly packed with seven different mixing fractions over the full range of saturation. For each binary mixture, the effective thermal conductivity, λ, capillary pressure, hc, and volumetric water content, θ, were measured. Results demonstrated that the λ–θ relationship exhibited distinct characteristics based on the percentage of fine- and coarse-grained sands. …
Replication Data For: Characterization Of Grain-Size Distribution, Thermal Conductivity, And Gas Diffusivity In Variably Saturated Binary Sand Mixtures, C. T.K.K. Deepagoda, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: Characterization Of Grain-Size Distribution, Thermal Conductivity, And Gas Diffusivity In Variably Saturated Binary Sand Mixtures, C. T.K.K. Deepagoda, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Characterization of differently textured porous materials, as well as different volumetric porous media mixtures, in relation to mass and heat transport is vital for many engineering and research applications. Functional relations describing physical (e.g., grain-size distribution, total porosity), thermal, and gas diffusion properties of porous media and mixtures are necessary to optimize the design of porous systems that involve heat and gas transport processes. However, only a limited number of studies provide characterization of soil physical, thermal, and gas diffusion properties and the functional relationships of these properties under varying soil water contents, especially for soil mixtures, complicating optimization efforts. …
Petrophysical Studies Of Well Cuttings From A Continues Geological Profile In Hockley County, Texas, Tristan N. Tom
Petrophysical Studies Of Well Cuttings From A Continues Geological Profile In Hockley County, Texas, Tristan N. Tom
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
The Permian Basin currently leads the oil production in the United States; however, with increasing concerns for the global climate, it is crucial for oil and gas companies to operate as economically and efficiently as possible. This is where the use of well cuttings comes in, as they allow for more geological formations in the subsurface to be analyzed in depth and are cheaper to achieve than core samples. Well cuttings can be obtained from most drilling operations, and they can save on analysis time and even be analyzed on site. Before using well cuttings, it is important to ensure …
Prenatal Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Child Neurodevelopment, Jiwon Oh
Prenatal Exposure To Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances And Child Neurodevelopment, Jiwon Oh
Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive
Pregnant women are exposed to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) primarily via ingestion of contaminated food, water, and house dust. PFAS in pregnant women can be transferred to their child through the placenta during pregnancy. Many long-chain PFAS have been frequently detected in blood of pregnant women, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord blood for the last few decades. Prenatal exposure to PFAS has shown potential to adversely affect offspring’s neurodevelopment in laboratory animals. However, epidemiological evidence on associations between prenatal PFAS exposure and child neurodevelopment remains inconsistent. My dissertation research consists of four sub-studies whose objectives are (1) to examine …
Replication Data For: Evaluation Of Model Concepts To Describe Water Transport In Shallow Subsurface Soil And Across The Soil–Air Interface, Zhen Li, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: Evaluation Of Model Concepts To Describe Water Transport In Shallow Subsurface Soil And Across The Soil–Air Interface, Zhen Li, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Soil water evaporation plays a critical role in mass and energy exchanges across the land–atmosphere interface. Although much is known about this process, there is no agreement on the best modeling approaches to determine soil water evaporation due to the complexity of the numerical modeling scenarios and lack of experimental data available to validate such models. Existing studies show numerical and experimental discrepancies in the evaporation behavior and soil water distribution in soils at various scales, driving us to revisit the key process representation in subsurface soil. Therefore, the goal of this work is to test different mathematical formulations used …
Replication Data For: The Effect Of The Top Soil Layer On Moisture And Evaporation Dynamics, Zhen Li, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: The Effect Of The Top Soil Layer On Moisture And Evaporation Dynamics, Zhen Li, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Understanding the effect of the top soil layer on surface evaporation and water distribution is critical to modeling hydrological systems. However, the dependency of near-surface soil moisture and fluxes on layering characteristics remains unclear. To address this uncertainty, we investigate how the arrangement of soil horizons affects the evaporation and soil moisture, specifically, the near-surface soil moisture, through the combination of numerical simulations and evaporation experiments. The characteristics of fluxes and moisture from different soil profiles are then used to understand the soil layering conditions. Results show that the top soil layer can significantly affect the evolution of soil moisture …
Replication Data For: Effect Of Subsurface Soil Moisture Variability And Atmospheric Conditions On Methane Gas Migration In Shallow Subsurface, C. T.K.K. Deepagoda, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: Effect Of Subsurface Soil Moisture Variability And Atmospheric Conditions On Methane Gas Migration In Shallow Subsurface, C. T.K.K. Deepagoda, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
A major concern resulting from the increased use and production of natural gas has been how to mitigate fugitive greenhouse gas emissions (predominantly methane) from natural gas infrastructure (e.g., leaky shallow pipelines). Subsurface migration and atmospheric loading of methane from pipeline leakage is controlled by source configurations and subsurface soil conditions (e.g., soil heterogeneity and soil moisture) and are further affected by atmospheric conditions (e.g., wind and temperature). However, the transport and attenuation of methane under varying subsurface and atmospheric conditions are poorly understood, making it difficult to estimate leakage fluxes from methane concentration measurements at and above the soil …
Replication Data For: Goehring Et Al., "The Transport History Of Alluvial Fan Sediment...", Nathan Brown
Replication Data For: Goehring Et Al., "The Transport History Of Alluvial Fan Sediment...", Nathan Brown
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
This data repository contains: A) MATLAB source code B) Sample locations and chemical measurements used for Be-10 and C-14 analysis C) Dose recovery test results for luminescence protocol D) Sample locations and dosimetry information for luminescence samples.
Replication Data For: Study Of Methane Migration In The Shallow Subsurface From A Gas Pipe Leak, Kathleen Smits
Replication Data For: Study Of Methane Migration In The Shallow Subsurface From A Gas Pipe Leak, Kathleen Smits
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
With the increased use of natural gas, safety and environmental concerns from underground leaking natural gas pipelines are becoming more widespread. What is not well understood in leakage incidents is how the soil conditions affect gas migration behavior, making it difficult to estimate the gas distribution. To shed light on these concerns, an increased understanding of subsurface methane migration after gas release is required to support efficient leak response and effective use of available technologies. In this study, three field-scale experiments were performed at the Methane Emission Technology Evaluation Center in Colorado State University to investigate the effect of soil …
The North Central Texas Urban Heat Island Magnitude And Its Relation To Severe And Extreme Drought, Linnea Clarke Standard
The North Central Texas Urban Heat Island Magnitude And Its Relation To Severe And Extreme Drought, Linnea Clarke Standard
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
This study focuses on how summer droughts affect the urban heat island (UHI) in Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW). The nocturnal UHI has been computed by comparing downtown temperature observations to rural temperature measurements under the condition that wind speed is less than 2 m/s, a cloudless sky, and no precipitation. To understand the combined effects of long-term climate change and UHI, trends of temperature anomalies from 1902 - 2019 for Waco and 1900 – 2019 DFW from NOAA COOP were determined relative to a baseline of 1951-1980. The differing trends of these temperature anomalies have been influenced by the UHI (which …
The Microfossil Association Of The Upper Part Of The Salesville Formation (Lower Missourian, Pennsylvanian) Near Mineral Wells, North-Central Texas, Billy Allen Williams
The Microfossil Association Of The Upper Part Of The Salesville Formation (Lower Missourian, Pennsylvanian) Near Mineral Wells, North-Central Texas, Billy Allen Williams
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
The microfossil association of the Salesville Formation (Strawn Group, Missourian, Pennsylvanian) of small foraminifers, fusulinids, conodonts, ostracodes, holothurian sclerites, and rare radiolarians, has received very little study. The upper part of the Salesville Formation, as exposed at two sections near Mineral Wells, North-Central Texas, represents deposits of the upper Salesville major cycle and is the stratigraphic interval of interest in this study whose primary objective is to evaluate the biostratigraphic significance of the microfossil association found at the two exposures of this cycle. The distribution of the early Missourian microfaunas is used to interpret the depositional environments of the major …
Stable Isotope Composition Of Surface Water Across Central Mexico, Jordan Foote
Stable Isotope Composition Of Surface Water Across Central Mexico, Jordan Foote
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
Understanding the controlling factors of modern surface water stable isotope compositions is important for reconstructions of paleoclimate and paleoelevation. Few studies have attempted to understand patterns of surface water isotope compositions and their controlling factors in Mexico. Here I study the δ18O, δD and d-excess values of 124 modern river, lake and spring water samples across the Sierra Madre Occidental, Central Mexican Plateau and Sierra Madre Oriental to constrain the spatial pattern and lapse rate. These samples were collected at various elevations after the wet season in 2019. The isotope data were integrated with moisture back trajectory analysis and climatic …
Recompilation Of Lithological Proxies Across The Permian-Triassic Boundary, Heather Nicole Brauer
Recompilation Of Lithological Proxies Across The Permian-Triassic Boundary, Heather Nicole Brauer
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
The largest mass extinction occurred near the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB; 251.902 ± 0.024 Ma; Shen et al., 2011), with the demise of more than 90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial species. This study expands sedimentary data bases created by Rees and others (2002) and the PALEOMAP Project by Scotese (2001). Lithological data was categorized as upper Permian (259.1-254.902 Ma) or Lower Triassic (251.902-247.2 Ma), and the paleogeographic information of the proxies were reconstructed using GPlates 2.0. These lithological proxies are compared with climate sensitivity simulations from the fully coupled comprehensive Community Climate System Model (CCSM3). The climate simulation …
Changes In Water Vapor Adsorption And Water Film Thickness In Clayey Materials As A Function Of Relative Humidity, Qinhong Hu
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Soil water, with adsorbed water being an important component, plays an important role in fluid flow and chemical movement in the unsaturated zone. The adsorbed water consists of water film and interlayer water, and its content is related to the relative humidity (RH). This study theoretically and experimentally focuses on the variation in adsorbed water content in clayey materials as the RH changes. Based on a slit-pore model, three types of water (water film, interlayer water, and capillary water) could be present in the water vapor adsorption process. The variation of water film is obtained from the analysis of interfacial …
A Pulse-Decay Method For Low Permeability Analyses Of Granular Porous Media: Mathematical Solutions And Experimental Methodologies, Quinhong Hu
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
This dataset is for a manuscript titled "A pulse-decay method for low permeability analyses of granular porous media: Mathematical solutions and experimental methodologies" being reviewed by Water Resources Research, a journal of American Geophysical Union and Wiley (2020-07-29)
Nano-Petrophysical Characterization Of The Oil Window Of Eagle Ford Shale From Southwestern To Central Texas, U.S.A., Chad Larsen
Nano-Petrophysical Characterization Of The Oil Window Of Eagle Ford Shale From Southwestern To Central Texas, U.S.A., Chad Larsen
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
Eagle Ford Shale and the overlying Austin Chalk are the main producing plays throughout Central Texas. Due to the high clastic nature of Eagle Ford Shale and its ability to produce and maintain fractures from hydraulic fracturing, this formation quickly became the favored target over Austin Chalk for unconventional hydrocarbon production. The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of nano-petrophysical properties of Eagle Ford Shale, which is still lacking. Drilling cores from three wells within the oil window of Eagle Ford Shale were examined at the Bureau of Economic Geology in Austin, TX. Multiple plug samples were …
Variability And Temporal Trends Of Semivolatile Organic Compounds In Biological And Environmental Media, Kyunghoon Kim
Variability And Temporal Trends Of Semivolatile Organic Compounds In Biological And Environmental Media, Kyunghoon Kim
Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive
Exposure to semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor environments and its potential impact on human health have been receiving increased public attention, because people in developed countries spend over 80% of their time indoors, SVOC levels are several orders of magnitude higher indoors than outdoors, and many SVOCs have various toxicities and endocrine disrupting potential. Concentrations of SVOCs in biological (e.g., human serum) and environmental (e.g., household dust, indoor air) media can help us better understand human exposure to SVOCs. For example, SVOC concentrations in biological media collected over several years may shed light on temporal trends of exposure due …
Quantifying Fluid-Wettable Effective Pore Space In The Utica And Bakken Oil Shale Formations, Qinhong Hu
Quantifying Fluid-Wettable Effective Pore Space In The Utica And Bakken Oil Shale Formations, Qinhong Hu
Earth & Environmental Sciences Datasets - Archive
Laboratory results from (U)SANS [(ultra) small angle neutron scattering] work conducted at NIST to be published at an American Geophysical Union (AGU) journal. (2020-05-26)
Modelling Pm2.5 Concentrations And Spatial Correlation With Weather Conditions And Adult Asthma In North Texas In 2014, Jessica Bullock
Modelling Pm2.5 Concentrations And Spatial Correlation With Weather Conditions And Adult Asthma In North Texas In 2014, Jessica Bullock
Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive
The questions to be answered by this study are whether weather conditions correlate with PM2.5 concentrations, and whether there is a correlation between asthma-related hospital admissions and PM2.5 concentrations. The focus is on the Dallas-Fort Worth area of Texas—comprised of Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Erath, Hood, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Navarro, Palo Pinto, Parker, Rockwall, Somervell, Tarrant, and Wise Counties—during the year 2014. A radial basis function neural network, via the Matlab Neural Network toolbox, is used to create a model to estimate the PM2.5 concentrations in the DFW area. Spatial statistical techniques are used to analyze the spatial autocorrelations among …
Geospatial Analysis Of Potential Flooding From Storm Surge And Sea-Level Change On The Texas Coast By 2100, Gennadii Prykhodko
Geospatial Analysis Of Potential Flooding From Storm Surge And Sea-Level Change On The Texas Coast By 2100, Gennadii Prykhodko
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
Tropical cyclones pose a major hazard to the State of Texas. Anthropogenic climate change and global warming have the potential to increase extreme weather events and lead to enhanced flood hazard zones. This study aims to analyze potential flooding from hurricane induced storm tides in the Houston metroplex area, and particularly in Harris County. A geospatial framework is proposed for modeling inundation from storm surge with sea-level rise. Spatial models and statistics are applied to the State of Texas with the focus on the Houston metropolitan area including Harris County. Historical and observational tropical cyclone data is used to examine …
Facies-Based And Anhydrite-Controlled Petrophysical Properties Of The Upper Clear Fork Formation In The Permian Basin In West Texas, Usa, Cody A. Line
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
The Leonardian-aged dolomite of the upper Clear Fork Formation in the Palm Sunday field of West Texas exhibits a wide range of facies that vary during deposition due to environmental factors such as water depth, wave energy, salinity, and oxygen availability. Variations in facies and associated mineralogy play a role on the petrophysical characteristics such as porosity, permeability, and water absorption. This study intends to provide a better understanding on the petrophysical properties of the upper Clear Fork by facies type. Seven core samples with different facies from two wells in the Palm Sunday field were tested to determine how …
Nano-Petrophysical Study Of The Dean, Wolfcamp, And Canyon Formations Of The Midland Basin, Texas, Usa., Benton M. Mowrey
Nano-Petrophysical Study Of The Dean, Wolfcamp, And Canyon Formations Of The Midland Basin, Texas, Usa., Benton M. Mowrey
Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive
The prolific levels of oil and gas production from the shale revolution have been plagued by steep initial production decline and inefficiencies in recovering the total hydrocarbons in place. Even the widespread practice of using multi-well sites with closely spaced wellbores has failed to yield a moderate fraction of the potential resources. It is hypothesized that the constraints of shale production arise from its nano-pore structure. Slow, diffuse hydrocarbon transport from the shale matrix to the stimulated fracture network is a likely production bottleneck. Understanding transport phenomena from this tight, porous matrix to the fracture via nanometer-scale pathways is essential …
Factors Associated With Adult Asthma Related Emergency Room Discharges In North Central Texas In 2010 - 2014, Nguyen Cao
Factors Associated With Adult Asthma Related Emergency Room Discharges In North Central Texas In 2010 - 2014, Nguyen Cao
Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive
Asthma is a common chronic disease of the airways characterized by recurrent reversible airway obstruction. More than 25 million Americans have asthma. In this study, factors associated with adult asthma related emergency room discharges in North Central Texas during the period 2010 – 2014 were investigated. This study involved a total of 78,444 cases of adult asthma hospital discharges obtained from the Dallas-Fort-Worth-Hospital Council Foundation, socioeconomic indicators from the U.S. Bureau of Census databases, and air pollution and meteorological data obtained from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). A number of important relationships underpinning asthma hospital visits in NCT …
Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Asthma Hospitalizations And Associated Factors In Eastern Texas, 2005-2012, Sadananda Silwal
Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Asthma Hospitalizations And Associated Factors In Eastern Texas, 2005-2012, Sadananda Silwal
Earth & Environmental Sciences Dissertations - Archive
The prevalence of asthma is increasing for both adult and children in eastern Texas. This study examines the spatial and temporal differences in asthma hospital discharge rates and its association with socioeconomic risk indicators, air pollutants (ozone and NO2) and meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed, and wind direction to an extent). Socioeconomic risk indicators were subjected to principal component analysis to create socioeconomic deprivation index for each county. Annual and diurnal temporal distribution of ozone, NO2, temperature and wind speed were analyzed to understand their characteristics during a wet year (2007) and a dry year (2011). Hotspot analysis and Cluster …