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Articles 1681 - 1710 of 1880

Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences

The Effect Of Cave Entrances On The Distribution Of Cave-Inhabiting Terrestrial Arthropods, Stewart B. Peck Jan 1976

The Effect Of Cave Entrances On The Distribution Of Cave-Inhabiting Terrestrial Arthropods, Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

Populations of cave invertebrates are generally considered to be food-limited. The cave entrance is a major source of food input into the community in the form of decaying organic matter. Thus, the densities of scavenging terrestrial cave invertebrates should be related to the distance from the cave entrance because this represents a measure of food abundance. A test showed this expectation to be true in Crossings Cave, Alabama. A population density peak occurred 10 m inside the cave where the dark zone and detritus infall regions meet. The greatest population peak occurred at 100 m where densities of crickets and …

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Sur La Distribution Géographique De La Faune Interstitielle Du Danube Et De Certains De Ses Affluents En Basse-Autriche, Dan L. Danielopol Jan 1976

Sur La Distribution Géographique De La Faune Interstitielle Du Danube Et De Certains De Ses Affluents En Basse-Autriche, Dan L. Danielopol

International Journal of Speleology

The wide distribution of the interstitial isopod Proasellus slavus as well as new records of Troglochaetus (Archiannelida) and BogidielIa (Amphipoda) in Lower-Austria are presented. Species of the genera Microcharon (Isopoda Microparasellidae), Kovalevskiella (Ostracoda Metacyprinae) and of the family Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea) are recorded for the first time in Austria.

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Contribution Á L'Étude Des Zonitidae (Gastropoda) Cavernicoles Et Endogés De Roumanie, Alexandrina Negrea Jan 1975

Contribution Á L'Étude Des Zonitidae (Gastropoda) Cavernicoles Et Endogés De Roumanie, Alexandrina Negrea

International Journal of Speleology

This paper is a contribution to the study of the species of cavernicolous and endogean Zonitidae from Romania. For each of the 24 species belonging to 6 genera we present the geographical distribution, their relation to the country’s territory and data concerning the morphological characteristics, the genital apparatus included. The paper ends with a short faunistic, zoogeographical and ecological analysis.

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Stenasellus Kenyensis N.Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines Du Kénya, Guy Magniez Jan 1975

Stenasellus Kenyensis N.Sp., Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines Du Kénya, Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

Description of the first cavernicolous Stenasellid discovered in Kenya. St. kenyensis n.sp. is related to Somalian and Eurasiatic species of the genus.

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A Population Study Of The Cave Beetle Ptomaphagus Loedingi (Coleoptera; Leiodidae; Catopinae), Stewart B. Peck Jan 1975

A Population Study Of The Cave Beetle Ptomaphagus Loedingi (Coleoptera; Leiodidae; Catopinae), Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

Baited pitfall traps were used in Barclay Cave, Alabama, in 1965 to study a blind Ptomaphagus beetle population. A 40m2 area in the cave yielded 95% of the 897 adult and larval beetles trapped in the cave at 9 stations. This represented a population density of about 13 beetles/m2. Tests of different baits showed decayed meat to be the most attractive. Adults were most abundant in mid-August when substrate conditions were moist, were reproductively active, and were not newly emerged from pupal cells. Larvae were most abundant in late August. The population was studied by mark-recapture methods …

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The Ecology Of A Predaceous Troglobitic Beetle, Neaphaenops Tellkampfii (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Trechinae) I. Seasonality Of Food Input And Early Life History Stages, Thomas C. Kane, Russell M. Norton, Thomas L. Poulson Jan 1975

The Ecology Of A Predaceous Troglobitic Beetle, Neaphaenops Tellkampfii (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Trechinae) I. Seasonality Of Food Input And Early Life History Stages, Thomas C. Kane, Russell M. Norton, Thomas L. Poulson

International Journal of Speleology

The adaptations in the life history of the Carabid beetle Neaphaenops tellkampfii has been investigated in respect to seasonal food input. The following characters have been studied: copulations, egg production, larvae and pupae.

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The Ecology Of A Predaceous Troglobitic Beetle, Neaphaenops Tellkampfii (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Trechinae) Ii. Adult Seasonality, Feeding And Recruitment, Russell M. Norton, Thomas C. Kane, Thomas L. Poulson Jan 1975

The Ecology Of A Predaceous Troglobitic Beetle, Neaphaenops Tellkampfii (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Trechinae) Ii. Adult Seasonality, Feeding And Recruitment, Russell M. Norton, Thomas C. Kane, Thomas L. Poulson

International Journal of Speleology

In deep cave areas with loose substrate and sufficient moisture, the life history of Neaphaenops tellkampfii (Coleoptera: Carabidae, Trechinae) is synchronized with the seasonal pattern of its primary food sources, the eggs and first instar nymphs of the cave cricket Hadenoecus subterraneus (Orthoptera Gryllacridoidea, Rhaphidophoridae). Neaphaenops reproduction coincides with an order of magnitude increase in Hadenoecus egg input in the spring. Our 46 observations of predation by Neaphaenops suggest some switching to other cave animals as cricket egg and first instar nymph densities decrease during the summer. Neaphaenops life history in areas of Hadenoecus egg input is as follows: (1) …

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Studies On The Niche Separation In Two Carabid Cave Beetles, Tom Mckinney Jan 1975

Studies On The Niche Separation In Two Carabid Cave Beetles, Tom Mckinney

International Journal of Speleology

Population, habitat and behavioural studies carried out on Pseudanophthalmus menetriesi and P. pubescens in the south central Kentucky karst area are described and discussed. Differences which exist in the timing of population recruitment, habitat preference, habitat niche breadth and in the degree of agression are all important in lessening competition between these two species.

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Observations Sur La Biologie De Stenasellus Virei (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Caux Souterraines), Guy Magniez Jan 1975

Observations Sur La Biologie De Stenasellus Virei (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Caux Souterraines), Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

St. virei has been bred in the laboratory for many years (1960-1974). Most of the St.v.hussoni were captured in karstic waters, near the Moulis subterranean laboratory. Some St.v.virei from the Padirac sink-hole; St.v.buchneri from Cantabrian caves; St.v.boui and St.v.virei from phreatic waters; and St.buili and St.breuili have also been bred. Since Stenasellids are unable to swim, very low aquariums are used, with a bed of cave clay, some calcareous stones, dead wood and dead elm tree leaves. Little depth of water is necessary. Stenasellus was originally carnivorous, being able to capture and devour living prey, such as Chironomid larvae, but …

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The Invertebrate Fauna Of Tropical American Caves, Part Iii: Jamaica, An Introduction, Stewart B. Peck Jan 1975

The Invertebrate Fauna Of Tropical American Caves, Part Iii: Jamaica, An Introduction, Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

The scattered literature on the physical speleology and biospeleology of the West Indian island of Jamaica is brought together. As a result of recent field work, a summary of the Jamaican vertebrate and invertebrate caves is given. The invertebrate fauna is known to include some 150 free-living macroscopic species. These are mostly troglophilic scavengers and predators associated with guano accumulations. However, some 25 species, mostly terrestrial and undescribed, are known to be troglobites. This is one of the largest known assemblages of tropical troglobites. Brief descriptions are given for the 54 cave sites which have been biologically studied.

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Three New Troglobitic Asellids From Western North America (Crustaces: Isopoda: Asellidae), Thomas E. Bowman Jan 1975

Three New Troglobitic Asellids From Western North America (Crustaces: Isopoda: Asellidae), Thomas E. Bowman

International Journal of Speleology

Fleming’s arguments (1973) for reducing Conasellus to a synonym of Asellus are considered inadequate, but the name Conasellus is replaced by its senior synonym Caecidotea. Two new troglobitic species of Caecidotea are described, C. chiapas from caves in Chiapas, Mexico, and C. sequoiae from Liburn Cave, Tulare County, California. Asellus califomicus is reported from springs in Napa and Santa Clara Counties; the male pleopod 2 is redescribed, and the species is assigned to the subgenus Phreatoasellus. A new genus and species, Salmasellus steganothrix, is described from Horseshoe Lake, Alberta, Canada.

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Distribution Of Indiana Cavernicolous Crayfishes And Their Ecto-Commensal Ostracods, H. H. Hobbs Iii Jan 1975

Distribution Of Indiana Cavernicolous Crayfishes And Their Ecto-Commensal Ostracods, H. H. Hobbs Iii

International Journal of Speleology

Six species and subspecies of crayfishes and four species of entocytherid ostracods are known to inhabit the subterranean streams of southern Indiana. Cambarus (E.) Iaevis (troglophile) appears to be the most widely distributed crayfish and occurs in both karst areas within the State. The troglobite, Orconectes inermis (2 subspecies), is restricted to the larger karst area in solution cavities of Mississippian carbonate rocks. The remaining crayfishes, Orconectes immunis, Orconectes propinquus and Orconectes sloanii, are not common inhabitants of cave waters and are probably trogloxenes. All of the crayfishes except O. sloanii were found to host at least one …

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Remplissages Karstiques Au Tunnel De La Clusette, Jean Meia, Michel Pochon Jan 1975

Remplissages Karstiques Au Tunnel De La Clusette, Jean Meia, Michel Pochon

International Journal of Speleology

The piercing of a road tunnel in the flank of a limestone (Malm) anticline in the Neuchâtel Jura uncovered karstic forms transformed for the most part, by decarbonated soils. Mineralogical analysis of these latter, through the use of X-ray diffraction, reveals a great analogy with the surface soils. At more than 200 meters depth, the same allochtone mineralogical suite of aeolian origin which constitutes the largest part of the soils of the High Jura Mountains in Switzerland, is found: an abundance of ferriferous chlorite, and of quartz, plagioclase and potassic feldspar. The various factors favouring this deep infiltration are discussed.

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Millipedes In The Collection Of The Amcs. Iii. Reddellobus Troglovbius, N. Gen., N. Sp., An Unusual Troglobite From Peubla, Mexico, And Other Records Of The Family Spirouolellidae (Order Spirobolida, Class Diplopoda), Nell B. Causey Jan 1975

Millipedes In The Collection Of The Amcs. Iii. Reddellobus Troglovbius, N. Gen., N. Sp., An Unusual Troglobite From Peubla, Mexico, And Other Records Of The Family Spirouolellidae (Order Spirobolida, Class Diplopoda), Nell B. Causey

International Journal of Speleology

During the past several years, members of the Association for Mexican Cave Studies have made some surprising additions to the knowledge of the invertebrate fauna of Mexico. None of their finds is more exciting than the species described here, a millipede much larger than the nearest epigean relative in an order outstanding for its scarcity of troglobitic adaptations. The absence of ocelli and the reduction of body pigment in the known epigean typhlobolellids suggest that they are deep humus dwellers preadapted for cave life.

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Eine Neue Discoptila Aus Anatolischen Höhlen (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), Alexi Popov Jan 1975

Eine Neue Discoptila Aus Anatolischen Höhlen (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), Alexi Popov

International Journal of Speleology

A new troglophilous cave-cricket, Discoptila beroni n.sp. is described and figured. It is common in the caves Maara near Mersin and Damlatas near Alanya in South Anatolia. The characteristic features of the males, as well as of the females, by which the new species is distinguished from the other eight species of the genus, all distributed in the Mediterranean, are pointed out. D. beroni n.sp. has already been reported erroneously from the cave Damlatas as D. fragosoi (Bol.) and as D. brevis B.-Bien.

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Symposium On Life Histories Of Cave Beetles: An Introduction, Thomas L. Poulson Jan 1975

Symposium On Life Histories Of Cave Beetles: An Introduction, Thomas L. Poulson

International Journal of Speleology

Overview of the six papers presented at the Symposium on Life Histories of Cave Beetles held at the 1973 annual convention of the National Speleological Society at Bloomington in Indiana (USA).

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The Life Cycle Of A Kentucky Cave Beetle, Ptomaphagus Hirtus, (Coleoptera; Leiodidae; Catopinae), Stewart B. Peck Jan 1975

The Life Cycle Of A Kentucky Cave Beetle, Ptomaphagus Hirtus, (Coleoptera; Leiodidae; Catopinae), Stewart B. Peck

International Journal of Speleology

Ptomaphagus hirtus has been successfully kept in laboratory culture at 12.5°C with food in surplus at all times. Eggs hatched in 18.5 days. Three larval instars were present, which had a total larval life span of 42 days. The pupal stage lasted 32 days. Adult males and adult females had average life spans of 2.2 years and 1.6 years respectively. Maximum adult longevity was 4.2 years. Females reached reproductive maturity a month after eclosion, young and old females produced one egg every 3.5 and 3.8 days respectively, and were reproductively active for as long as 2.5 years. Compared to European …

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Seasonal Changes In A Population Of Pseudanopthalmus Tenuis (Coleoptera, Carabidae) In Murray Spring Cave, Indiana: A Preliminary Report, James H. Keith Jan 1975

Seasonal Changes In A Population Of Pseudanopthalmus Tenuis (Coleoptera, Carabidae) In Murray Spring Cave, Indiana: A Preliminary Report, James H. Keith

International Journal of Speleology

A study of a population of Pseudanophthalmus tenuis is being conducted in Murray Spring Cave, Orange County, Indiana as one facet of a larger research project encompassing the entire terrestrial community of that cave. Changes in behaviour and abundance determined by census and mark-recapture methods and physiological changes determined from field-collected beetles indicates that these animals exhibit a seasonal reproductive rhythm probably mediated or controlled by winter and spring flooding of the cave.

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Interaction Between Competition And Predation In Cave Stream Communities, David C. Culver Jan 1975

Interaction Between Competition And Predation In Cave Stream Communities, David C. Culver

International Journal of Speleology

Predation by salamander larvae (Gyrinophilus porphyriticus) reduces the density of one of its prey (the isopod Asellus recurvatus) but increases the density of the other (the amphipod Crangonyx antennatus in a Virginia cave stream. This happens because predation on the isopod reduces its competitive effect on the amphipod. Both prey populations tend to occur more frequently in refugia when predators are present. In another cave where there are no prey refugia, the predator reduces the density of both species. It appears that it is easier for a predator to invade a community than to reach a stable …

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Pseudosinella Styriaca Sp.N (Collembola: Entomobryidae) A New Collembolan Species From The Styrian Cave "Raudner - Höhle" (Austria), Heinz Neuherz, Josef Nosek Jan 1975

Pseudosinella Styriaca Sp.N (Collembola: Entomobryidae) A New Collembolan Species From The Styrian Cave "Raudner - Höhle" (Austria), Heinz Neuherz, Josef Nosek

International Journal of Speleology

Description of a new cavernicolous species of Pseudosinella, P. styriaca. The species was found in the cave “Raudner - Hohle” (Styria, Austria). P. styriaca sp. n. belongs to the Mediterranean group of Pseudosinella.

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Sur Les Bathynella De Roumanie: B.(B.) Boteai Serban, B.(B.) Vaducrisensis N.Sp., B.(B.) Plesai Serban Et B.(B.) Motrensis Serban (Bathynbellacea, Bathynellidae) Première Partie, Eugène Serban Jan 1975

Sur Les Bathynella De Roumanie: B.(B.) Boteai Serban, B.(B.) Vaducrisensis N.Sp., B.(B.) Plesai Serban Et B.(B.) Motrensis Serban (Bathynbellacea, Bathynellidae) Première Partie, Eugène Serban

International Journal of Speleology

In the first part of the note we present a minute description of the species B.(B.) boteai Serban, B. (B.) motrensis Serban and B. (B.) plesai Serban. The provisional diagnosis of these species were already published in 1971. A new species B.(B.) vaducrisensis is also described. The genus Bathynella Vejdovsky is now known in the Romanian fauna with 6 species: four of them already mentioned, plus B. (B.) paranatans Serban and B. (B.) scythica Botosaneanu and Damian.

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Un Parajapygidé Inédit Des Plages De La Côte Caraïbe De Cuba Récolté Par Mr. L. Botosaneanu Au Cours De La Seconde Expédition Biospéléologique Cubano-Roumaine À Cuba En 1973, J. Pages Jan 1975

Un Parajapygidé Inédit Des Plages De La Côte Caraïbe De Cuba Récolté Par Mr. L. Botosaneanu Au Cours De La Seconde Expédition Biospéléologique Cubano-Roumaine À Cuba En 1973, J. Pages

International Journal of Speleology

P. (P.) botosaneanui n.sp. has been collected in the interstitial habitat of the Caribbean shores on the eastern coast of Cuba. This note is divided into 6 parts: 1) the description by L. Botusaneanu of the stations where this species has been collected and data on the possibility for the specimens of this taxa to swim and to creep between the grains of sand; 2) the description and the affinities of the n. sp., which is closely related to bonetianus Silv. from Mexico; 3) the study of the male genitalia made possible the definition of 4 instars (male 1 to …

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Chronologie Du Développement Et Évolution Du Stockage De Calcium Et Des Cellules À Urates Chez Niphargus Schellenbergi Karaman, François Graf, Philippe Michaut Jan 1975

Chronologie Du Développement Et Évolution Du Stockage De Calcium Et Des Cellules À Urates Chez Niphargus Schellenbergi Karaman, François Graf, Philippe Michaut

International Journal of Speleology

The intra-marsupial development of Niphargus schellenbergi is divided into three phases: within the chorion, embryonic intermoult and juvenile intermoult. The disappearance of the chorion divides the first phase from the second. A double exuviation exists between the last two. The chronology of the embryonic development and of the beginning of post-embryonic development is established. On hatching the juvenile N. schellenbergi has one pair of hepatopancreatic caeca. During the first post-embryonic intermoults the ventral hepatopancreatic caeca, posterior caeca and anterior caecum are formed. The relation between posterior caeca and the aorta is described. The study of calcium storage before moulting showed …

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Versuche Zur Erfassung Der Vertikalen Verteilung Von Organismen Und Chemischen Substanzen Im Grundwasser Von Talauen Und Terrassen; Methoden Und Erste Befunde, Siegfried Husmann Jan 1975

Versuche Zur Erfassung Der Vertikalen Verteilung Von Organismen Und Chemischen Substanzen Im Grundwasser Von Talauen Und Terrassen; Methoden Und Erste Befunde, Siegfried Husmann

International Journal of Speleology

In the alluvial ground of the river Fulda valley and in the diluvial terrace of the river Weser assortments of tubes of various lengths were sunk into sandy and gravely underground to bring to light groundwater of different depths. The installation of these groundwater pump stations was effectuated by two different methods: 1. with the aid of an apparatus for bringing down bore-holes, 2. by ramming in the pump tubes with the aid of a pneumatic hammer. The first biological and chemical investigations in these subterranean water research stations indicated that the vertical distribution of groundwater organisms and chemical substances …

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A New Species Of Sipuncula (Aspidosiphon Exiguus N.Sp.), Belonging To The Interstitial Fauna Of Marine Beaches Collected By Mr. L. Botosaneanu During The Second Cuban-Romanian Biospeleological Expedition To Cuba 1973, S. J. Edmonds Jan 1974

A New Species Of Sipuncula (Aspidosiphon Exiguus N.Sp.), Belonging To The Interstitial Fauna Of Marine Beaches Collected By Mr. L. Botosaneanu During The Second Cuban-Romanian Biospeleological Expedition To Cuba 1973, S. J. Edmonds

International Journal of Speleology

Aspidosiphon exiguous, a new species of Sipuncula, is decribed, belonging to the interstitial fauna of the beaches. The specimens were collected during the second Cuba-Romanian biospeleological expedition in 1973.

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Pseudoscorpions Cavernicoles De La Macédoine, B. P. M. Ćurčić Jan 1974

Pseudoscorpions Cavernicoles De La Macédoine, B. P. M. Ćurčić

International Journal of Speleology

A cavernicolous pseudoscorpion of the genus Neobisium Chamberlin 1930 is living in Kalina Dupka cave in the Bistra Highland of western Macedonia. This pseudoscorpion clearly differs from the other members of the subgenus Blothrus Schiodte 1849, and belongs to the new species N. (B.) princeps, the principal features of which are described in this study. The nearest relatives of this species are N. (B.) spelaeum (Schiodte) 1849, and N. (B.) stygium Beier 1931, both from Slovenian and Croatian caves. From chelal dentition N. (B.) princeps may be considered as the most primitive element of the princeps-stygium-spelaeum series. This new …

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Données Faunistiques Et Ecologiques Sur Les Stenasellidae (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines), Guy Magniez Jan 1974

Données Faunistiques Et Ecologiques Sur Les Stenasellidae (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota Des Eaux Souterraines), Guy Magniez

International Journal of Speleology

Some important morphological features, which are discussed here, point out that the Stenasellids (Crustacea Isopoda Asellota) must be considered as a true family (Stenasellidae), independent from the Asellidae. A definition and a renewed diagnosis of the Stenasellidae Dudich, 1924, are given. Their relationships must be pursued, especially in the marine Parastenetroidea and in the psammic Microcerberidae. Until 1938, the group was known only from subterranean waters of southern Europe. Now, several genera and many thermophile species from north-tropical underground waters have been discovered in Africa (5 gen., 12 sp.), Asia (1 gen., 2 sp.) …

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Subterranean Crustacea Decapoda Macrura Collected By Mr. L. Botosaneanu During The 1973 Cuban-Roumanian Biospeological Expedition To Cuba, L. B. Holthuis Jan 1974

Subterranean Crustacea Decapoda Macrura Collected By Mr. L. Botosaneanu During The 1973 Cuban-Roumanian Biospeological Expedition To Cuba, L. B. Holthuis

International Journal of Speleology

During the 1973 Cuban Romanian Biospeleological Expedition to Cuba 5 species of cavernicolous Decapod Crustacea were collected: the Palaemonidae Troglocubanus gibarensis Chace, T. eigenmanni (Hay) and Macrobrachium faustinum lucifugum new subspecies. The second of these species now is reported for the first time from Isla de Pinos. The third form proved to be a new subspecies of Macrobrachium faustinum (De Saussure), a freshwater shrimp which is widely distributed in the West Indies. The new subspecies is not only known from Cuba, but also material from Jamaica, Curacao and Bonaire is reported. A new locality is reported for Barbouria cubensis (Von …

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Free Amino Acids In A Cave Beetle Darlingtonea Kentuckensis Valentine (Coleoptera: Carabidae), R. J. Sperka Jan 1974

Free Amino Acids In A Cave Beetle Darlingtonea Kentuckensis Valentine (Coleoptera: Carabidae), R. J. Sperka

International Journal of Speleology

Free amino acids of Darlingtonea kentuckensis were investigated by two-dimensional, thin-layer chromatography on Silica Gel G. Thirteen amino acids which could be identifìed (alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine and/or leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine) and seven unidentified ninhydrin-positive spots were found. Beta-Alanine, alpha-amino-butyric acid, arginine, aspartic acid, cystine, hydroxyproline and methionine were not detected. No difference was observed in the free amino acids with respect to sex of beetle, time after feeding and method of sample preparation.

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Biology And Ecology Of The El Convento Cave-Spring System (Puerto Rico), G. Nicholas Jan 1974

Biology And Ecology Of The El Convento Cave-Spring System (Puerto Rico), G. Nicholas

International Journal of Speleology

The El Convento Cave-Spring System is located at the head of the Quebrada de Los Cedros, approximately 20 km. west of Ponce, southwestern Puerto Rico. Although situated in an arid environment, the gorge receives sufficient moisture from the cave-spring system to support an abundant flora, with Bucida buceras and Bursera simaruba as the dominant trees. The cave is frequently flooded and possesses a rich nutrient substrate in the form of bat guano. Numerous orthopterans (Aspiduchus cavernicola and Amphiacusta annulipes), decapoda (Macrobrachium carcinus and Epilobocera sinuatifrons), and chiroptera (Brachyphylla cavernarum and Artebius jamaicensis) are present. …

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