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Articles 1471 - 1500 of 1880

Full-Text Articles in Earth Sciences

Problemi Turistici Della Grotta Gigante Nel Carso Triestino, Fabio Forti Jan 1994

Problemi Turistici Della Grotta Gigante Nel Carso Triestino, Fabio Forti

International Journal of Speleology

The paper reports the tourist evolution of the Grotta Gigante (Giant Cave), near Trieste (Italy) during 80 years (1908 - 1989) of its opening to the public. At the beginning it entered in competition with some other local show caves, even much more famous (like Postojna and Stocjan), after the II World War on account of the change of the state boundaries it remained the sole show cave in that part of Italy. Then the Grotta Gigante succeeded, even if slowly, to cope with the changing tourist demands, improving more and more its facilities to follow the increasing tourist flows. …

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230Th Dating Of The Speleothems From The "Grotta Del Fiume-Grotta Grande Del Vento" Karst System In Frasassi (Ancona, Italy) And Paleoenvironmental Implications, Adriano Taddeucci, Paola Tuccimei, Mario Voltaggio Jan 1994

230Th Dating Of The Speleothems From The "Grotta Del Fiume-Grotta Grande Del Vento" Karst System In Frasassi (Ancona, Italy) And Paleoenvironmental Implications, Adriano Taddeucci, Paola Tuccimei, Mario Voltaggio

International Journal of Speleology

Chronological measurements have been carried out on speleothems from the Grotta del Fiume-Grotta Grande del Vento karst system in Frasassi (Ancona, Italy) by means of the 230Th radiometric method in order to date hypogean karst levels and related geological events. Higher levels were found to be older than the lower ones according to standstills and sinkings of the water table. The dated speleothems from the first and second level formed less than 10,000 years ago; the minimum ages of the third and fifth levels, which are respectively 130,000 and 200,000 years old, were correlated to climatic events. Dating different …

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Some Remarks On The Genus Microcharon Karaman In Greece, And Description Of M. Agripensis N. Sp. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Microparasellidae), Diana M. P. Galassi, Paola De Laurentiis, Giuseppe L. Pesce Jan 1994

Some Remarks On The Genus Microcharon Karaman In Greece, And Description Of M. Agripensis N. Sp. (Crustacea, Isopoda, Microparasellidae), Diana M. P. Galassi, Paola De Laurentiis, Giuseppe L. Pesce

International Journal of Speleology

Several samples of microparasellid isopods of the genus Microcharon Karaman were obtained in groundwater habitats of Greece. Four species are identified, and taxonomical and zoogeographical remarks on some rare or poorly known taxa are made. One species, herein described as Microcharon agripensis n. sp., is new to Science. M. latus prespensis Karaman, 1954, on account of the different morphology of the first and second male pleopods, and its partially overlapping distribution, in respect to M. latus Karaman, 1934, is definitively raised at specific rank. Supplementary descriptions and illustrations are reported for incompletely described species such as M. latus, M. …

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Sinogammarus Troglodytes N. Gen. N. Sp. A New Troglobiont Gammarid From China (Crustacea Amphipoda), Gordon Karaman, Sandro Ruffo Jan 1994

Sinogammarus Troglodytes N. Gen. N. Sp. A New Troglobiont Gammarid From China (Crustacea Amphipoda), Gordon Karaman, Sandro Ruffo

International Journal of Speleology

The authors describe Sinogammarus troglodytes n. gen. n. sp. found in two caves in Sichuan province in China, the first Chinese troglobite of the Gammaridae family (sensu Barnard & Barnard, 1983; 1990). The new genus is discussed and compared with the microphthalmous and anophthalmous genera of Gammaridae, heretofore known in the subterranean waters of the Balkan peninsula and the Caucasus region. The genus Sinogammarus is most closely allied to Gammarus Fabricius and Anopogammarus Derzhavin.

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A New Species Of Troglobius (Collembola, Paronellidae) From Brazil, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Douglas Zeppelini Jan 1994

A New Species Of Troglobius (Collembola, Paronellidae) From Brazil, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Douglas Zeppelini

International Journal of Speleology

Troglobius brasiliensis n. sp. from two caves of Brazil is described and illustrated.

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Continuous Monitoring Of High‐Temperature Fumaroles On An Active Lava Dome, Volcán Colima, Mexico: Evidence Of Mass Flow Variation In Response To Atmospheric Forcing, Charles B. Connor, Bradford M. Clement, Xiaodan Song, Sammantha B. Lane, Jennifer West-Thomas Nov 1993

Continuous Monitoring Of High‐Temperature Fumaroles On An Active Lava Dome, Volcán Colima, Mexico: Evidence Of Mass Flow Variation In Response To Atmospheric Forcing, Charles B. Connor, Bradford M. Clement, Xiaodan Song, Sammantha B. Lane, Jennifer West-Thomas

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Rapid, multichannel monitoring of fumaroles on Volcán Colima, Mexico, provides new insight into the time‐scales and magnitudes of fumarole temperature variation. Temperatures in five fumaroles, all located along a single fracture cutting the summit lava dome of the volcano, were monitored at 20‐min intervals between May 1991 and May 1992. Measurements were made using a programmable data logger deployed near the fumarole field, and data were radiotelemetered to a nearby volcano observatory at regular intervals. Mean fumarole temperatures varied between 350°C and 550°C. Statistical analysis of these time series shows that significant diurnal variation occurs in each fumarole. Magnitudes of …

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Gps Measurement Of Relative Motion Of The Cocos And Caribbean Plates And Strain Accumulation Across The Middle America Trench, Timothy H. Dixon Oct 1993

Gps Measurement Of Relative Motion Of The Cocos And Caribbean Plates And Strain Accumulation Across The Middle America Trench, Timothy H. Dixon

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements in 1988 and 1991 on Cocos Island (Cocos plate), San Andres Island (Caribbean plate), and Liberia (Caribbean plate, mainland Costa Rica) provide an estimate of relative motion between the Cocos and Caribbean plates. The data for Cocos and San Andres Islands, both located more than 400 km from the Middle America Trench, define a velocity that is equivalent within two standard errors (7 mm/yr rate, 5 degrees azimuth) to the NUVEL-1 plate motion model. The data for Liberia, 120 km from the trench, define a velocity that is similar in azimuth but substantially different in …

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Assessment Of Watershed-Lake Interactions Influencing The Cultural Eutrophication Of Little Crooked & Crooked Lakes, Indiana, Thomas Crisman, William R. Demott, Paul M. Stewart Apr 1993

Assessment Of Watershed-Lake Interactions Influencing The Cultural Eutrophication Of Little Crooked & Crooked Lakes, Indiana, Thomas Crisman, William R. Demott, Paul M. Stewart

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) From Subterranean Waters Of Bue Marino Cave, Sardinia, And St. Barthélémy Cave, Corsica, And Description Of Three New Species, Vezio Cottarelli, Maria Cristina Bruno Jan 1993

Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) From Subterranean Waters Of Bue Marino Cave, Sardinia, And St. Barthélémy Cave, Corsica, And Description Of Three New Species, Vezio Cottarelli, Maria Cristina Bruno

International Journal of Speleology

Three new species of harpacticoid copepods are described and discussed. Nitocrella beatricis n. sp. has been collected in different hyporheic sites in Sardinia and in two caves (Bue Marino cave in Sardinia and St. Barthélémy cave in Corsica); Elaphoidella janas n. sp. and Parastenocaris triphyda n. sp. have been collected only in Bue Marino cave. Some considerations concerning the ecology and biogeography of the three species are also presented.

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Comparative Performances Of Non-Visual Food Search In The Hypogean Cyprinid Phreatichthys Andruzzii And In The Epigean Relative Barbus Filamentosus, Roberto Berti, Luca Masciarelli Jan 1993

Comparative Performances Of Non-Visual Food Search In The Hypogean Cyprinid Phreatichthys Andruzzii And In The Epigean Relative Barbus Filamentosus, Roberto Berti, Luca Masciarelli

International Journal of Speleology

The anophthalmic hypogean cyprinid Phreatichthys andruzzii Vinciguerra shows a more efficient food searching behaviour than blinded specimens of the epigean species Barbus filamentosus Cuvier and Valenciennes. This difference seems to be related to a tendency to swim near the bottom of the aquarium and the behavioural stereotypes in food localization and intake. Both in P. andruzzii and in the blinded B. filamentosus food search is guided by chemical stimulation. Other data indicate that mechanical stimulation could play an important role in the feeding behaviour of the hypogean form. The behavioural analogies in food localization between P. andruzzii and the cave …

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The Cricket Fauna Of Chiapanecan Caves (Mexico): Systematics, Phylogeny And The Evolution Of Troglobitic Life (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae), Laure Desutter-Grandcolas Jan 1993

The Cricket Fauna Of Chiapanecan Caves (Mexico): Systematics, Phylogeny And The Evolution Of Troglobitic Life (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae), Laure Desutter-Grandcolas

International Journal of Speleology

The present study deals with the cavernicolous Grylloidea of Chiapas. It details the composition of this fauna, which belongs exclusively to the Phalangopsid group Amphiacustae, and considers its troglobitic evolution in the methodological framework of Comparative Biology. This method consists in analysing the evolution of biological features in reference to phylogeny, using character state optimization. The material studied comes mostly from Italian biospeological expeditions, but also from the authors work in Mexico, from North American biospeological expeditions achieved in Central America and the West Indies, and from the collections of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, the Museum National …

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Habitat Use And Gas Bubble Disease In Southern Cavefish (Typhlichthys Subterraneus), Alex L. S. Schubert, Carl D. Nielsen, Douglas B. Noltie Jan 1993

Habitat Use And Gas Bubble Disease In Southern Cavefish (Typhlichthys Subterraneus), Alex L. S. Schubert, Carl D. Nielsen, Douglas B. Noltie

International Journal of Speleology

In situ observations of habitat use by southern cavefish (Typhlichthys subterraneus) in a Missouri, U.S.A. spring suggest that groundwater discharge and that zones of substrate which have large interstitial spaces that fish can enter may be important components of the species habitat. Such substrates may also facilitate smallscale dispersal. In addition, we document the first recorded case of gas bubble disease in a laboratory-held specimen of this species. Cavefish may be particularly susceptible to this malady, and the conditions under which it occurred are important to avoid should captive maintenance or propagation of this or related species be …

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The Second Occurrence Of The Troglobic Shrimp Macrobrachium Microps Holthuis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae), In Samoa, Alexander J. Bruce, Thomas M. Iliffe Jan 1993

The Second Occurrence Of The Troglobic Shrimp Macrobrachium Microps Holthuis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae), In Samoa, Alexander J. Bruce, Thomas M. Iliffe

International Journal of Speleology

A single example of Macrobrachium from an anchialine lava tube un Upolu, Samoa, is described and illustrated. The specimen is referred to M. microps Holthuis, 1978, but shows some differences that may be of specific value, which are discussed. The troglobic species of Macrobrachium are reviewed.

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Evidence Of Regional Structural Controls On Vent Distribution: Springerville Volcanic Field, Arizona, Charles B. Connor, Christopher Condit, Larry S. Crumpler, Jayne C. Aubele Aug 1992

Evidence Of Regional Structural Controls On Vent Distribution: Springerville Volcanic Field, Arizona, Charles B. Connor, Christopher Condit, Larry S. Crumpler, Jayne C. Aubele

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Quantitative analysis of the geographic distribution of vents and comparison with regional structural, petrologic, and vent age data provide insight into the processes governing the emplacement of vents in the Springerville volcanic field, Arizona. A total of 409 vents in the Springerville volcanic field (SVF) have a mean distance to nearest neighbor vents of 955 m, a much closer spacing than is common in some platform‐type volcanic fields. Based upon a cluster analysis search radius parameter of 4500 m, these vents comprise seven geographic clusters, with only five outlying vents occurring in the entire field. Cinder cone clusters in the …

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Tri-Lakes Watershed Feasibility Study Whitley County June 1992, Thomas Crisman, Gensic & Associates Jun 1992

Tri-Lakes Watershed Feasibility Study Whitley County June 1992, Thomas Crisman, Gensic & Associates

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Paleolimnological Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of A Constructed Sedimentation Basin At Reducing Sediment And Nutrient Loading To Skinner Lake, Indiana, Thomas Crisman May 1992

Paleolimnological Assessment Of The Effectiveness Of A Constructed Sedimentation Basin At Reducing Sediment And Nutrient Loading To Skinner Lake, Indiana, Thomas Crisman

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Morphometric Analysis Of Dolines, A. Bondesan, M. Meneghel, U. Sauro Jan 1992

Morphometric Analysis Of Dolines, A. Bondesan, M. Meneghel, U. Sauro

International Journal of Speleology

The doline is the most specific surface form of karst landscapes, which enables one to distinguish them from “normal” erosion landscapes shaped by surface water. From a morphodynamic point of view the doline constitutes an elementary hydrographic unit, comparable to a simple basin, which, with its system of slopes, conveys water to the absorbing points at the bottom into an underground network. The morphometric study of these karst landforms enables a quantitative analysis of karst environment. Comparisons of the various parameters may give unexpected results and lead to new hypotheses about the evolution and the dynamism of the karst “geo-ecosystem”. …

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Reply [To “Comment On ‘Topographic And Volcanic Asymmetry Around The Red Sea: Constraints On Rift Models’”], Timothy H. Dixon, Erik R. Ivins, Brenda J. Franklin Jun 1991

Reply [To “Comment On ‘Topographic And Volcanic Asymmetry Around The Red Sea: Constraints On Rift Models’”], Timothy H. Dixon, Erik R. Ivins, Brenda J. Franklin

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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Preliminary Determination Of Pacfic-North America Relative Motion In The Southern Gulf Of Calfornia Using The Global Positioning System, Timothy H. Dixon, G. Gonzalez, S. M. Lichten, D. M. Tralli, G. E. Ness, J. P. Dauphin May 1991

Preliminary Determination Of Pacfic-North America Relative Motion In The Southern Gulf Of Calfornia Using The Global Positioning System, Timothy H. Dixon, G. Gonzalez, S. M. Lichten, D. M. Tralli, G. E. Ness, J. P. Dauphin

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Global Positioning System (GPS) data from experiments conducted in 1985 and 1989 in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico, allow a determination of relative motion between the Pacific and North American plates. The data indicate motion of Cabo San Lucas on the Pacific plate relative to North America at a rate of 47±7 mrn/yr and azimuth of 57±6° west of north (1σ errors), equivalent within uncertainties to the NUVEL-1 global plate motion model.

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An Introduction To The Global Positioning System And Some Geological Applications, Timothy H. Dixon May 1991

An Introduction To The Global Positioning System And Some Geological Applications, Timothy H. Dixon

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Receivers equipped to measure dual frequency carrier phase signals from satellites of the Global Positioning System (GPS) have been capable, under special conditions, of determining relative horizontal positions among stations separated by one to a few hundred kilometers with a precision of one to several millimeters since the early 1980s. The major obstacles to making this capability routine, extending it to all parts of the globe, and extending it to longer station separations, have been equipment cost, limitations in the GPS satellite constellation, arduous data analysis, uncertainties in satellite orbits, uncertainties in propagation delays associated with variable tropospheric water vapor, …

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First Epoch Geodetic Measurements With The Global Positioning System Across The Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone, Timothy H. Dixon, G. Gonzalez, S. M. Lichten, E. Katsigris Feb 1991

First Epoch Geodetic Measurements With The Global Positioning System Across The Northern Caribbean Plate Boundary Zone, Timothy H. Dixon, G. Gonzalez, S. M. Lichten, E. Katsigris

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The first geodetic survey across the northern Caribbean plate boundary zone with the Global Positioning System (GPS) was conducted in June 1986. Baseline vectors defined by the six station regional GPS network ranged from 170 to 1260 km in length. Repeatability of independent daily baseline estimates was better than 8 mm plus 1.3 parts in 108 of baseline length for horizontal components. The wet tropospheric path delay during the experiment was both high, sometimes exceeding 30 cm at zenith, and variable, sometimes exceeding 5 cm variation over several hours. Successful carrier phase cycle ambiguity resolution (“bias fixing”) could not …

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Population Size Of Pyrenean Troglobiont Coleopters (Speonomus Species) In A Cave In Belgium, Raymond Tercafs, Christine Brouwir Jan 1991

Population Size Of Pyrenean Troglobiont Coleopters (Speonomus Species) In A Cave In Belgium, Raymond Tercafs, Christine Brouwir

International Journal of Speleology

The population size of three troglobitic species of Speonomus (Coleoptera Bathysciinae) from the Pyrenees, intentionally introduced in 1969-1970 into the “Grotte de Ramioul” cave (Province of Liège, Belgium) has been studied using the mark-recapture technique. It has been shown that the three cave levels possess large Speonomus populations (upper network: 12,718; middle network: 13,902; lower network: 18,249 individuals) and that the superficial underground environment is also colonized, including the schist area. The most abundant species is Speonomus longicornis (relative frequency between 0.73 to 0.89). The two other species are present in the relative frequency between 0.04 and 0.23 for S. …

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Revision Of The Genus Troglophilus (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) In Crete, Greece, Dimitrios Kollaros, Kaloust Paragamian, Anastassios Legakis Jan 1991

Revision Of The Genus Troglophilus (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) In Crete, Greece, Dimitrios Kollaros, Kaloust Paragamian, Anastassios Legakis

International Journal of Speleology

The genus Troglophilus (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae) from Crete is revised using new data from specimens collected recently. The three previously reported species are considered to be only one, T. spinulosus, on the basis of morphological, ecological and distributional similarities. The species is more fully described and notes are given on its ecology.

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Metabolic Efficiency And Regulation Of Body Weight: A Comparison Between Life In Hypogean And Epigean Ecosystems, Jayant Biswas Jan 1991

Metabolic Efficiency And Regulation Of Body Weight: A Comparison Between Life In Hypogean And Epigean Ecosystems, Jayant Biswas

International Journal of Speleology

In the present study metabolic efficiency in the epigean and hypogean populations of Nemacheilus evezardi (Day) was examined. Different experiments were conducted, in both populations, by keeping them either in restricted oxygen or restricted feeding conditions, including starvation. Results clearly show that the rate of oxygen consumption for the hypogean population was significantly less as compared to its epigean counterpart. Further, results also suggest that the hypogean population has a tremendous capacity to maintain its metabolic activity and regulate its body weight under severe conditions characterized by an absence or a limited supply of food.

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Speciation Of Troglobites: Studies In The San Antonio Cave (Oaxaca, Mexico), Horst Wilkens, Peter Junge, Thomas G. Langecker Jan 1991

Speciation Of Troglobites: Studies In The San Antonio Cave (Oaxaca, Mexico), Horst Wilkens, Peter Junge, Thomas G. Langecker

International Journal of Speleology

The phylogenetically young species community of San Antonio Cave (Oaxaca, Mexico) exemplifies the hypothesis that speciation of troglobites can occur in close contact with epigean predecessors. In a subterranean creek which continues outside with a rich epigean fauna, four troglobitic aquatic crustacean and one fish species (Rhamdia reddelli, Pimelodidae) were studied. Today not a single surface specimen can be found in the cave waters although several epigean species are troglophilic and/or are the ancestors of cave forms in other parts of Mexico. The absence of epigean invaders is attributed to the presence of specimens of some of the …

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Observations On The Biology Of Spelaelacris Tabulae Peringuey (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), From The Wynberg Cave (Capetown, South Africa), Gianmaria Carchini, Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini Jan 1991

Observations On The Biology Of Spelaelacris Tabulae Peringuey (Orthoptera, Rhaphidophoridae), From The Wynberg Cave (Capetown, South Africa), Gianmaria Carchini, Claudio Di Russo, Mauro Rampini

International Journal of Speleology

Data on the age structure, fecundity, egg morphology and feeding habits of the Spelaeiacris tabulae population from Wynberg cave are reported and compared with other Rhaphidophoridae species. S. tabulae shows a certain degree of adaptation to cave life, as usual in the other temperate species of Rhaphidophoridae.

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Cinder Cone Clustering In The Transmexican Volcanic Belt: Implications For Structural And Petrologic Models, Charles B. Connor Nov 1990

Cinder Cone Clustering In The Transmexican Volcanic Belt: Implications For Structural And Petrologic Models, Charles B. Connor

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Cinder cone distributions have most often been characterized using univariate statistics. Here a new technique to volcano distribution studies, cluster analysis, is applied to cinder cone distribution in the central TransMexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). A total of 1016 cinder cones are identified over an area of approximately 60,000 km2. Application of cluster analysis reveals structure in cinder cone distribution. Using a search radius parameter of 16 km, 75% of the cinder cones within the central TMVB are found within eight clusters of 45–159 cones each. These clusters are each 2000 to 5000 km2 in area. Only 22 cones are found …

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Gps Measurements Of Regional Deformation In Southern California: Some Constraints On Performance, Timothy H. Dixon, G. Blewitt, K. Larson, D. Agnew, B. Hager, P. Kroger, L. Krumega, W. Strange Aug 1990

Gps Measurements Of Regional Deformation In Southern California: Some Constraints On Performance, Timothy H. Dixon, G. Blewitt, K. Larson, D. Agnew, B. Hager, P. Kroger, L. Krumega, W. Strange

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Geodetic measurements are an important tool for understanding plate boundary zone deformation. They provide data on fault motion rates and indirectly provide constraints on crustal rheology, earthquake processes, and evolution of geologic structures. In southern California the pattern of strain resulting from interaction of the Pacific and North American plates is very complex, and a robust geodetic experiment requires dense spatial sampling. In addition, the signals of interest may have strain rates smaller than 10−7/yr. Taken together, these conditions imply the need for geodetic techniques that are both economical, enabling large numbers of measurements, and highly accurate. Conventional …

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A Final Feasibility Report Submitted To Sylvan Lake Improvement Association, Inc, Thomas Crisman May 1990

A Final Feasibility Report Submitted To Sylvan Lake Improvement Association, Inc, Thomas Crisman

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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A Study For The Improvement, Restoration, And Protection Of Lake Bruce, Fulton And Pulaski Counties Indiana, William B. Eviston, Thomas Crisman, Eric P. Ellingson May 1990

A Study For The Improvement, Restoration, And Protection Of Lake Bruce, Fulton And Pulaski Counties Indiana, William B. Eviston, Thomas Crisman, Eric P. Ellingson

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

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